no longer文法的八卦，YOUTUBE、PTT、DCARD和Yahoo名人娛樂都在討論

#英國教育制度連載 #關於英文閱讀與寫作
在英國進入小學就讀之後，學校會非常重視且著重培養孩子的閱讀習慣。也因為幾乎沒有回家作業（公立學校），所以孩子每天都有許多閒暇時間閱讀課外讀物。對他們來說，閱讀不是壓力而是興趣。

很多人會好奇，英國小學對於「英文」這個科目，究竟是如何進行教學？ 其實比起亞洲背單字和文法，這裡更著重的是Reading Comprehension（閱讀理解），就是在看一段詩詞/文章之後回答問題，或是進一步發揮創意，創作出屬於自己的文章/故事。

所以，從小培養閱讀習慣真的很重要！這不僅影響到閱讀理解，也和寫作、創意與字彙量息息相關。Q姐從四歲多學會了自然發音之後，就開始自行閱讀，不用我在旁邊陪讀。至今她九歲了，她每天都至少會讀一本小說，閱讀習慣已經養成。也因為她喜愛看書，所以從書中累積了不少字彙量和寫作用語。

昨天的遠距教學內容，老師讓她們看了一段人類過度開發雨林而導致紅毛猩猩無家可歸的影片，讓孩子嘗試從紅毛猩猩寶寶的角度，創作一段文章。而Q姐每次只要一遇上寫作，就會文思泉湧、寫到停不下來，一頁不夠還要換下一頁。我看到她的創作後也相當驚艷！

DDC看完後表示：

「奇怪，以前我們考作文的時候，都要字體故意寫很大，最後一行還會用一個句點來佔字數。 怎麼可能寫這麼多？」

唉，是說人無法十項全能。這位先生，還是專心當理工阿宅就好了吧！

最後，就來欣賞一下Q的寫作吧！看完後覺得鼻酸酸。（如果大家喜歡Q的創作，以後我再來多分享一些）

【Lost Rainforest, Lost Home】
As the sun smiled with pride, my mother and I swung gracefully from tree to tree. The canopy kept us cool and it was just the right weather for us to go out, play with our friends and maybe pick some delicious oranges. High up in the trees, I could hear an orchestra of birds singing among the trees. It was a beautiful sight.

At the darkest hour, horrible beasts came to destroy our lovely home. Callosal trucks came charging along the rainforest, destroying everything in its path. Many animals were massacred. Even though the sky was as dark as coal, it was easy to see the flashing red lights and the enormous metal. It was a terrifying sight.

Not even opening her mouth, my mother grabbed my hand desperately, dragging me to the top of the highest tree we could see. As quick as our tired legs and arms could carry us, we climbed the tall tree. With no time to say anything, she used her expressions to tell me to keep going up. I understood perfectly. The monster’s claws grabbed her by hand and she was gone. She was lost. She was no longer there.

Slowly, I opened my eyes to see a different home. There were no longer green trees, songbirds singing, sun shining; there was nothing. The colour of the lovely rainforest had turned dull and grey. Silence filled the air. I had no one to play with me, no one to talk with me, and worst of all, no one to take care of me. Hope was lost, and nothing will ever be the same.

【 小英的哥大演講 】

前兩天蔡英文 Tsai Ing-wen 總統在哥倫比亞大學Columbia University in the City of New York 的演講感動了許多人，我也一直想要跟大家好好分享對這篇講稿的心得。想歸想，但卻沒時間動筆。

一直到昨天，BBC 中文網（繁體） 有篇談這場演講的報導（後面有一小段引用了對我的訪問），然後發達資本主義時代的打油詩人 跟我在臉書上聊這件事。我們兩個雖然都很想談談這篇講稿，但週末都忙著同一件事：帶小孩（他帶他的、我帶我的）。但再不寫大概就沒人想談了，所以只好趁現在小孩睡覺後開始寫。

前天我曾經在臉書上請大家好好讀這篇講稿，中文英文都要看。有關中文的部分，朱宥勳 已經有很精彩的寫作技巧分析，大家可以去看看。

這一篇貼文會從英文文稿（這場演講是以英文進行的）跟一些比較宏觀的角度切入。

✍️為什麼是紐約？為什麼是哥大？

很多人都知道小英總統是英國倫敦政經學院的博士（好吧，有些人到現在還在懷疑），小英講英文時也有很雋永的英國腔，但大家比較容易忽略的是，紐約（美國）才是她第一個異鄉求學的地方。她當時就讀康乃爾大學Cornell University ，位於紐約州的漂亮小城Ithaca。

所以也許不難想像紐約這個大城市，在當時對一個在台北長大的乖乖牌學生，所產生的人生衝擊。小英不但順利拿到碩士學位，還考過了全美難考的紐約州律師考試（美國的律師考試是不同地方分開考的，難易不一，比較難的一般來說是紐約、芝加哥跟加州）。我想紐約對於小英來說，是充滿許多回憶的。

小英在紐約的公開演講曾說：「這是她第一次以中華民國總統的身份造訪紐約」。從這個背景來看小英的英文講稿，不難發現，前四段事實上是給紐約客（New Yorker）的溫暖起手式：

✍️Receiving an invitation to speak here from such a vanguard of free speech and diversity is actually quite an honor.
能受邀來這所以言論自由及多元包容著稱的校園座談，我實在備感榮幸。

🐶小英在演講的第一句話，就點出了紐約這城市對她的意義：言論自由、多元。

為什麼要特別講這一點？因為她當年就讀Cornell時，台灣發生了美麗島事件跟林宅血案。你可以想像，在多元自由的紐約校園，卻聽到家鄉發生重大事件，內心有多震撼。

✍️ I graduated from Cornell Law School in 1980, and I have to say, being back on a New York campus brings back many memories. Though I’m sure many of you would say that any campus outside of New York City is not really part of New York.
我在1980年畢業於康乃爾大學，再度回到久違的紐約校園，勾起我許多的回憶。雖然，或許在場有人會說，任何紐約市以外的校園都不能算是紐約。

🐶這一段是insider joke，非紐約人可能看不懂，紐約人聽到應該笑呵呵。為什麼？前面已經說了，Cornell位於紐約州的Ithaca，但不是位於紐約市內，所以這個笑話是小英的自嘲：我知道我念的學校沒有位於紐約市（New York City）內，你們一定覺得那不能算是「紐約校園」。說白了，這有點像是天龍國笑話或是「天母是天龍中的天龍」之類的。

講到這，看看哥大的臉書名稱：Columbia University in the City of New York （位於紐約市的哥倫比亞大學），不覺得很幽默嗎？這是在開其他沒有位於紐約市（也許位於紐約州）大學的玩笑。（你能想像台大的臉書名稱說「位於台北的台大」嗎？）

✍️However, I actually lived in the city in the summer of 1979, when I was doing research work for a professor at the East Asia Institute of Columbia University. Later on, I passed the New York Bar examination here, and visited the city from time to time, sometimes on my way to Washington DC for trade negotiations.
然而我在1979年夏天曾經真正住過紐約，協助哥倫比亞大學東亞研究所的一位教授做研究。而我在通過紐約州律師考試後，就更常走訪紐約，有時是在前往華府做貿易談判時會經過紐約。

🐶接續上一段的笑點，打鐵趁熱，小英為自己的「紐約經驗」多加一點正當性。她說她當時曾經協助哥倫比亞大學東亞研究所的一位教授做研究。哥大位於紐約市內，這下總不能說我不是紐約人了吧？

✍️Life in New York in the 1980s was eye opening for a young law student from not quite democratized Taiwan. Diversity and different perspectives were the norm, and looking out across the lecture hall today, I am glad to see that has not changed.
對一個來自當時尚未完全民主化的臺灣的法律系學生來說，1980年代的紐約生活真的令我眼界大開，多元化和不同的見解竟然才是正常。我很高興，從這講台放眼望出去，一切都如此熟悉，絲毫未曾改變。

🐶這一段，事實上講的是台灣當時還沒解嚴，而且發生了美麗島事件。小英講的委婉，沒有指名道姓，只說台灣當時尚未完全民主化。

以上四段，是非常成功的破冰（ice-breaking）。破冰是公共演講的重要技巧，做得好，能夠化解一開始的尷尬與緊張，並連結講者與聽眾的關係。開場做得好，也有助接下來的演講氣氛跟節奏的掌握。

所以好的幕僚真的很重要，也真的能讓你上天堂。幕僚寫稿的功力也在這裡，帶出個人情感（personal touch），讓老闆掌握演講節奏，這是需要專業訓練的。


✍️In the early days of our political transition, some said democracy could not survive in China’s shadow. And Taiwan is now home to a thriving democratic society and political system.
我們在政治轉型初期，很多人說在中國陰影的籠罩下，我們的民主不可能存活下來。然而，現在臺灣已然成為民主社會和政治制度蓬勃發展的居所。

🐶我喜歡survive in China's shadow這個詞的用法，這可以提醒聽眾，今日許多國家，甚至包括美國，都還在擔憂中國的銳實力（sharp power）。西方國家對於要不要禁用華為爭論不休，也可以視為一種中國的陰影。


✍️Some said a resource-poor island of only 23 million people could not become a major economic player. Yet we are now the United States’ 11th largest trade partner.
有人說，人口只有兩千三百萬而且資源匱乏的小島，無法成為經濟的主要推手，然而現在我們已經變成美國的第11大貿易夥伴了。

🐶這是很漂亮的對比，從資源匱乏的小國變成美國的重要貿易夥伴。


✍️Some said progressive values could not take root in East Asian society. Yet I stand here before you as Taiwan’s first woman president, and this year we became the first country in Asia to legalize same-sex marriage.
有人說，先進的價值觀無法於東亞社會生根。但今天，我是以臺灣第一位女總統的身分站在各位面前，而今年臺灣也已經躍為亞洲第一個同婚合法的國家。

🐶progressive這個字，我習慣翻譯成「進步」，但總統府的翻譯為「先進」。這一段很生動的描繪了台灣在性別平權上的進展，對台灣的形象是很好的宣傳。


✍️In short, Taiwan’s story is one of seemingly improbable success. Many call Taiwan a “democratic miracle,” but I don’t believe in miracles. I believe in the will of the people, and their vision for a better world.
簡言之，臺灣就是在不可能的環境下成就了可能。許多人稱臺灣為「民主奇蹟」，但我不是奇蹟的信徒。我相信的是人民的意志，以及對更美好未來的願景。

🐶「奇蹟的信徒」在中文是個華麗的修辭，但英文用的是大家國中都學過的文法：believe 是相信，believe in 是信仰。有沒有 in 差很多。


✍️We are seeing this threat in action right now in Hong Kong. Faced with no channel to make their voices heard, young people are taking to the streets to fight for their democratic freedoms. And the people of Taiwan stand with them.

我們看到這個威脅正在衝擊香港，年輕人沒有管道發聲，只好走上街頭為民主自由拼搏。我們臺灣人民決心和他們站在一起。

Hong Kong’s experience under “one country, two systems” has shown the world once and for all that authoritarianism and democracy cannot coexist.
香港的「一國兩制」經驗，向世界明白揭破了獨裁和民主無法共存的事實。

🐶沒有任何一個場合，比台灣總統親自在美國談香港逃犯條例的議題更適合了。這一點我相信能贏得很多聽眾共鳴。如果真的要挑剔的話，我也許會思考一個問題：加上新疆集中營或甚至西藏議題，會不會比較好？加跟不加都各有利弊，也許文稿小組最後決定讓演講更聚焦。


✍️You begin to censor your own speech, your own thoughts. You no longer discuss current events with your friends, for fear of being overheard. You spend more time looking over your shoulder than you spend looking towards the future.
你開始審查自己的言論和想法，不再和朋友討論時事，因為害怕被竊聽，大部分時間都提心吊膽的前瞻後顧，根本無法好好面對未來。

🐶我喜歡這一段的節奏。也因為這一段，我猜測這篇講稿應該是「以英文寫成，再翻譯成中文」，而非「以中文寫成，再翻譯成英文」。為什麼？因為You spend more time looking over your shoulder than you spend looking towards the future. 用了前面跟後面的修辭。


✍️Our story is one of perseverance, of a commitment to democracy against all odds.
我們的故事是堅毅不撓的故事，是力抗萬難，堅守民主的故事。

Ours is a story of why values do still matter. The cultural and political differences across the Taiwan Strait only grow wider by the day; and each day that Taiwan chooses freedom of speech, human rights, the rule of law, is a day that we drift farther from the influences of authoritarianism.
我們的故事在訴說，為什麼核心價值如此的重要。臺海兩岸在文化及政治上的歧異日趨擴大。臺灣選擇言論自由、人權及法治的每一天，都讓我們與獨裁政權漸行漸遠。

🐶Against all odds 強調台灣民主及經濟發展難能可貴。
A story of why values do still matter. 強調台灣跟中國最大的差異:價值。


✍️Authoritarian governments seek to exploit press freedoms unique to democratic societies to sow dissent among us. They hope to make us question our political systems and lose faith in democracy.
獨裁政府企圖利用民主社會的新聞自由，在我們之間挑撥對立，要讓我們懷疑我們的政治制度，好讓我們對民主失落信心。

Taiwan has been on the frontlines of this battle for years, and we have a great deal of experiences to offer to the world.
臺灣多年來一直站在這場戰爭的前線，我們有太多經驗可以與世界分享。

🐶這一段強調台灣在全球資訊戰的價值及經驗，凸顯台灣是美國重要盟邦的重要性。

✍️But democracy faces other challenges as well, especially in the form of economic enticements with hidden strings attached.
然而民主還面臨其他挑戰，特別是暗藏算計的經濟誘惑。

🐶這在講什麼？包括中國對台灣的統戰，也包括中國對其他國家的一帶一路及所帶來的債權陷阱（debt trap）。


✍️So to all the people who ask me how to make the choice between democracy and economic growth, I say the choice is clear: the two are inseparable.
很多人問我如何在民主與經濟成長之間作出抉擇，我的答案很清楚，就是：兩者密不可分。

History tells us that democracies are strongest when united, and weakest when divided.
歷史告訴我們，民主國家團結時最強，分裂時最弱。

🐶這邊改寫了英文寫作常用的名言錦句：United we stand, divided we fall。寫得很漂亮，沒話說。

😄😄😄

我只挑了一些段落跟大家分享，希望大家喜歡，也算是完成發達資本主義時代的打油詩人 交代給我的任務。

忘了說，哥大的黎安友（Andrew Nathan）教授是小英這次訪紐約的靈魂人物，他是友台派中國通的祖師爺級人物，台灣許多教授及政治人物都上過他的課。我在清大就讀中國研究碩士時，Andy（我們都這麼稱呼他）也來清大上過短期講座，現在回想起來，當時能在新竹上他的課真的太幸福了（畢竟清大不在紐約市，學費也不能跟長春藤盟校相比😂）。

半夜兩點了，來睏。（發文的霎那，螢幕跳出喬帥擊敗費爸的新聞，我整個錯過了比賽....😭）

Ps. 本篇文章謝謝打油詩人給我一些靈感，但如果有寫錯的地方，文責當然自負。

（本篇引用的中英文講稿內容來自中華民國總統府官網）

護台胖犬 劉仕傑
Instagram: old_dog_chasing_ball （老狗追球）

黃浩銘：

//法官閣下，我能夠參與雨傘運動，爭取民主，實是毫無悔意，畢生榮幸。我已花了最青春的10年在社會運動上，假若我有80歲，我仍有50年可以與港人同行，繼續奮鬥。要是法官不信，且即管以刑罰來考驗我的意志，試煉我的決心，希望我的戰友們在我囚禁的時候，可以激發愛心，勉勵行善，更加有勇氣和力量作個真誠的人對抗謊言治國的中共政權。

　　「希望在於人民，改變始於抗爭」，唯有透過群眾力量，直接行動，才能改變社會。8年前如是，今日亦如是。但願港人堅定不移，爭取民主，打倒特權，彰顯公義。自由萬歲！民主社會主義萬歲！願公義和慈愛的　主耶穌基督與我同在，與法官先生同在，與香港人同在！//

希望在於人民　改變始於抗爭
—雨傘運動公眾妨擾案陳情書

陳法官仲衡閣下：

　　自2011年你審理只有23歲的我，追問時任特首曾蔭權知否米貴涉擾亂公眾秩序的案件距今已有8年。在命運的安排下，我再次站在你面前，只是當你讀到這封陳情書的時候，我已經不是當年被你宣判無罪釋放的年青人，而是一個準備迎接第三次入獄的積犯。然而，今天我不是尋求你的憐憫，而是希望道明我參與雨傘運動，公民抗命的緣由，讓法官閣下可以從我的動機及行為來給予合理判刑。

　　8年以來，我們的崗位稍有轉變，但香港的變化更大，充滿爭議的各個大白象基建均已落成，更多旅客走訪社區，似是一片繁華景象，但同時，更多窮人住在劏房，更多群眾走上街頭，亦有更多我們愛惜的年青人進入監牢。從前我們認為香港不會發生的事，都一一在這8年間發生了。當我8年前站在你面前那一刻，我們都不會想像得到香港人可被挾持返大陸，亦想像不到原來有一天大陸的執法人員可在香港某地方正當執法，更想像不到中共政府除了透過人大釋法外，還可藉著「一言九鼎」的人大決定，甚至中央公函來決定香港人的前途命運和收緊憲制權利。

爭取民主的本意

　　民主只是口號嗎？當年，我痛罵無視100萬窮人及30萬貧窮長者利益，卻慶祝不知辛亥革命本意的前行政長官曾蔭權，並要求設立全民退休保障，廢除強積金，因此首次被捕被控。但時至今日，香港仍然有過百萬貧窮人口，超過30萬貧窮長者，貧富懸殊及房屋短缺的問題愈加嚴重。2014年，我見過一位75歲的伯伯跪在立法會公聽會向時任勞工及福利局局長張建宗下跪，懇求政府不要拆遷古洞石仔嶺安老院。2019年，我又見到一位67歲執紙皮維生的婆婆在立法會公聽會哭訴難以找工作，現任勞工及福利局局長羅致光竟然叫她找勞工處。為何官員如此冷酷無情？為何我們的意見均未能影響政府施政？歸根結柢，就是因為香港人沒有真正的選擇，喪失本來應有制訂政策及監督的權力！

　　所謂民主，就是人民當家作主。任何施政，應當由人民倡議監督，公義分配，改善公共服務，使得貧者脫貧，富者節約。今日香港，顧全大陸，官商勾結，貧富懸殊，耗資千億的大白象跨境基建接踵而來，但當遇見護士猝死，教師自殺，老人下跪，政府政策就只有小修小補，小恩小惠，試問如何服眾？由1966年蘇守忠、盧麒公民抗命反對天星小輪加價，乃至1967年暴動及1989年中國愛國民主運動，甚至2003年反廿三條大遊行，無不是因政權專政，政策傾斜，分配不公，引致大規模民眾反抗。2014年雨傘運動的起點，亦是如此。

　　多年來，港人爭取民主，為求有公義分配，有尊嚴生活，有自主空間，但我們得到的是甚麼？1984年，中英兩國簽署《聯合聲明》前夕，前中共總書記趙紫陽曾回覆香港大學學生會要求「民主治港，普選特首」的訴求，清楚承諾「你們所說的『民主治港』是理所當然的」。當時，不少港人信以為真，誤以為回歸之後可得民主，但自1989年六四血腥鎮壓及2003年50萬人反對《廿三條》立法大遊行後，中共圖窮匕現，在2004年透過人大釋法收緊政制改革程序，並粗暴地決定2007及2008不會普選行政長官及立法會。自此，完全不民主的中國立法機關－全國人民代表大會常務委員會掌控香港人的命運福祉，人大釋法及人大決定可以隨時隨地配合極權政府的主張，命令香港法庭跟從，打壓香港的民主和法治。

　　2014年8月31日，是歷史的轉捩點。儘管多少溫和學者苦苦規勸，中共仍以6月的＜一國兩制白皮書＞為基礎，展示全面管治權的氣派，包括法官閣下在內，都要屈從愛國之說。在《8‧31人大決定》之後，中共完全暴露其假民主假普選的面目，其時，我們認為對抗方法就只有公民抗命。

公民抗命的起點

　　違法就是罪惡嗎？我們違法，稱之為「公民抗命」，就是公民憑良心為公眾利益，以非暴力形式不服從法律命令，以求改變不義制度或法律。終審法院非常任法官賀輔明（Leonard Hoffmann）勳爵曾在英國著名案例 R v Jones (Margaret) [2007] 1 AC 136 案提出：「發自良知的公民抗命，有着悠久及光榮的傳統。那些因着信念認為法律及政府行為是不義而違法的人，歷史很多時候都證明他們是正確的……能包容這種抗爭或示威，是文明社會的印記。」

　　終審法院在最近的公民廣場案（Secretary for Justice v Wong Chi Fung (2018) 21 HKCFAR 35）亦道明「公民抗命」的概念可獲肯定（該案判詞第70至72段）。因此，亦印證我等9人及其他公民抗命者並非可以一般「違法犯事」來解釋及施刑。港人以一般遊行示威爭取民主30年，無論從殖民年代乃至特區年代，皆無顯著改進，今日以更進步主張，公民抗命爭取民主，正如印度、南非、波蘭等對抗強權，實在無可厚非。誠然，堵塞主要幹道，影響民眾上班下課，實非我所願，但回想過來，中共及特區政府多年來豈不更堵塞香港民主之路，妨擾公眾獲得真正的發聲機會？

　　如果我是公民抗命，又何以不認罪承擔刑責？2014年12月，警方以成文法「出席未經批准集結」及「煽動參與未經批准集結」在村口將我逮捕。2017年3月，警方改以普通法「煽惑他人作出公眾妨擾」及「煽惑他人煽惑公眾妨擾」提控。正如戴耀廷先生在其結案陳詞引述英國劍橋大學法學教授 John R. Spencer 提及以普通法提訴的問題：「近年差不多所有以『公眾妨擾罪』來起訴的案件，都出現以下兩種情況的其中一個：一、當被告人的行為是觸犯了成文法律，通常懲罰是輕微的，檢控官想要以一支更大或額外的棒子去打他；二、當被告人的行為看來是明顯完全不涉及刑事責任的，檢控官找不到其他罪名可控訴他」，無獨有偶，前終審法院常任法官鄧楨在其2018年退休致詞提及：「普通法同樣可被用作欺壓的工具。它是一種變化多端的權力，除非妥善地運用人權法加以適當控制，否則可被不當使用。」如今看來，所言非虛。

　　今我遭控二罪，必定據理力爭，冀借助法官閣下明智判決推翻檢控不義，但法庭定讞，我自當承擔刑責，絕無怨言，以成全公民抗命之道。

試問誰還未覺醒

　　我是刻意求刑標榜自己，讓年青人跟從走進監獄大門嗎？我反覆推敲這個問題。然而，我的答案是，正正是希望後輩不用像我此般走進牢獄，我更要無懼怕地爭取人們所當得的。縱使今日面對強權，惡法將至，烏雲密佈，我依然一如既往，毋忘初衷地認為真普選才是港人獲得真正自由之路。任何一個聲稱為下一代福祉者，理應為後輩爭取自由平等的選擇權利，讓他們能自立成長，辨明是非，而非家長式管控思想，讓下一代淪為生財工具，朝廷鷹犬。

　　主耶穌基督說：「我確確實實地告訴你們：一粒麥子如果不落在地裡死去，它仍然是一粒；如果死了，就結出很多子粒來。（《約翰福音》第12章24節）」沒有犧牲，沒有收穫。故然，我不希望年青人跟我一樣要踏上公民抗命之路，承受牢獄之苦，但我請教所有智慧之士，既然舉牌示威遊行均已無顯其效，公民抗命和平抗爭為何不是能令政權受壓求變之策？若非偌大群眾運動，梁振英豈不仍安坐其位？

　　刑罰於我而言，無情可求，唯一我心中所想，就是希望法庭能顧念75歲的朱耀明牧師年事已高，望以非監禁方式處之，讓港人瞥見法庭對良心公民抗命者寬容一面。美國法哲學家羅納德‧德沃金（Ronald Dworkin）在1968年論及公民抗命時（On Not Prosecuting Civil Disobedience），不但認為法庭應給予公民抗命者寬鬆刑罰，甚至應不予起訴。事實上，終審法院非常任法官賀輔明在2014年12月4日，即雨傘運動尾聲（已發生大規模堵路多日），佔中三子自首之後一日，接受《蘋果日報》及《南華早報》訪問時提到「抗爭者及掌權者均未有逾越公民抗命的『遊戲規則』，抗爭活動並沒有損害香港法治」，更進一步提到「一旦他們被判有罪，應該從輕發落，認為這是傳統，因為自首的公民不是邪惡的人」，由此，我期盼法庭將有人道的判刑。

　　法官閣下，我能夠參與雨傘運動，爭取民主，實是毫無悔意，畢生榮幸。我已花了最青春的10年在社會運動上，假若我有80歲，我仍有50年可以與港人同行，繼續奮鬥。要是法官不信，且即管以刑罰來考驗我的意志，試煉我的決心，希望我的戰友們在我囚禁的時候，可以激發愛心，勉勵行善，更加有勇氣和力量作個真誠的人對抗謊言治國的中共政權。

　　「希望在於人民，改變始於抗爭」，唯有透過群眾力量，直接行動，才能改變社會。8年前如是，今日亦如是。但願港人堅定不移，爭取民主，打倒特權，彰顯公義。自由萬歲！民主社會主義萬歲！

　　願公義和慈愛的　主耶穌基督與我同在，與法官先生同在，與香港人同在！

社會民主連線副主席、雨傘運動案第八被告
黃浩銘
二零一九年四月九日

Hope lies in the people
Changes come from resistance
- Umbrella Movement Public Nuisance Case Statement

Your Honour Judge Johnny Chan,

It has been 8 years since I have met you in court. You were the judge to my case on disorder in public places. It was in 2011 and I was only 23 years old. I chased after the then Chief Executive Mr. Donald Tsang and asked if he knew the price of rice and whether he understood the struggles of the poor. Fate has brought us here again, I am before you once again, but I am no longer the young man who was acquitted. When you are reading this statement, I am a “recidivist”, ready to be sent to prison for the third time. However, I do not seek your mercy today, but wish to explain the reasons for my participation in the Umbrella Movement and civil disobedience, so that your honour can give a reasonable sentence through understanding my motives and actions.

Our positions have slightly altered in the past 8 years, but not as great as the changes that took place in Hong Kong. The controversial big white elephant infrastructures were completed. More tourists are visiting, making Hong Kong a bustling city. At the same time, however, more poor people are living in sub-divided flats, more people are forced to the street to protest, more young people are sent to jail. Things we wouldn’t have imagined 8 years are now happening in Hong Kong. When I was before you 8 years ago, we would not have imagined Hong Kong people could be kidnapped by the Chinese authority to Mainland China. We wouldn’t have imagined that one day, the Mainland law enforcement officers could perform their duties in Hong Kong. We wouldn’t have imagined, not only could the Community Chinese government interpret our law, but they could decide on our future and tightened the rule on constitutional rights through the National People’s Congress Decision.

The Original Intention

Is democracy just a slogan? 8 years ago, I criticised the then Chief Executive Mr. Donald Tsang for ignoring the interests of 1 million poor people and 300,000 elderly. I scolded him for celebrating the 1911 Revolution without understanding its preliminary belief. I called for the establishment of universal retirement protection and the abolition of MPF, and was arrested for the first time. Yet, there are still over a million poor people in Hong Kong today, with more than 300,000 of poor elderly. The disparity between the rich and the poor and housing problem have only become worsen.

In 2014, I witnessed a 75-year-old man kneeling before the Secretary for Labour and Welfare Mr. Matthew Cheung Kin-Chung at a public hearing in the Legislative Council. The old man begged the government not to demolish the elderly home in Kwu Tung Dills Corner. In 2019, a 67-year-old woman, who scavenges for cardboards to make a living, cried during the Legislative Council public hearing. She cried because it was impossible for her to get a job. The Secretary for Labour and Welfare Mr. Law Chi-Kwong simply told her to ask for help in the Labour Department. Why are the government officials so callous? Why have our opinions failed to affect the government’s administration? The root of the problem is that Hong Kong people do not have real choices, we have been deprived of the power to supervise the government and to formulate policies.

What is democracy? Democracy means people are the masters. Any policies should be supervised by the people, the society’s resources should be justly distributed to improve the public services, so that the poor is no longer in poverty. However, in today’s Hong Kong, the focus is on the Mainland China, there is collusion between the government and the businesses, there is a great disparity between the rich and the poor, and multi-billion-dollar big white elephant cross-border infrastructure are built one after another. Nurses die from overexertion at work, teachers commit suicide and old man kneels to beg for what he deserves. Yet, the government policies were only minor repairs here and there, giving small treats and favours to the people. How can you win the support of the people? From the civil disobedience movement in 1966 by So Sau-chung and Lo Kei against the increase of Star Ferry fare, until the 1967 riots and 1989 China Patriotic Democratic Movement, even the 2003 march against the purported legistlation of Article 23, they were all due to the political dictatorship, imbalance policies as well as unfair distribution of public resources. It is for these reasons that led to large scale protests. It is for the same reason that the 2014 Umbrella Movement started.

For so many years, Hong Kong people have been fighting for democracy. We demand a just allocation, a life with dignity and space of freedom. However, what do we get in return? On the eve of the signing of the Joint Declaration in 1984, the then premier of the Communist Chinese government Zhao Ziyang in his reply to the demand for democracy and universal suffrage by the University of Hong Kong Student Council clearly promised that ‘what you referred to, namely “rule Hong Kong by democracy” is a matter that goes without saying.’ At the time, a lot of Hong Kong people believed it. They thought they would have democracy after the handover. However, since the bloody suppression on 4th June 1989 and the 500,000 people demonstration against Article 23 in 2003, the plot of the Chinese communist revealed itself. They decided by force through the NPC interpretation in 2004 that there would be no universal suffrage of the Chief Executive and the Legislative Council in 2007 and 2008. Since then, the undemocratic authority of NPC kept a tight grip on the destiny of Hong Kong people. NPC’s interpretation and decisions can be deployed anytime when convenient to assist the propaganda of the authoritative government, forcing the hands of the Hong Kong court and suppressing Hong Kong democracy and the rule of law.

31st August 2014 was a turning point in history. No matter how the moderate scholars tried to persuade it from happening, the Community Chinese government has used the One Country Two System White Paper in June as the foundation and forced its way down onto the people. Even your honour was among them, succumbed to the so called patriotism. After the 8.31 Decision of the National People’s Congress, the plot of the Communist Chinese government has revealed itself, the Chinese government has been lying to the Hong Kong people, they never intended to give Hong Kong genuine universal suffrage. At that time, we believed that civil disobedience was inevitable and was the only way out.

The Starting Point of Civil Disobedience

Is breaking the law sinful? We broke the law with a cause, as “civil disobedience” is the refusal to comply with certain laws considered unjust, as a peaceful form of political protest in the interest of the public to change the unjust system or law. Non-Permanent Judge of the Court of Final Appeal Honourable Leonard Hoffman stated in the well-known R v Jones (Margaret) [2007] 1 AC 136 case that, “civil disobedience on conscientious grounds has a long and honourable history in this country. People who break the law to affirm their belief in the injustice of a law or government action are sometime vindicated by history. It is the mark of a civilised community that it can accommodate protests and demonstrations of this kind.”

The recent decision by the Court of Appeal concerning the Civic Square outside the government headquarter（Secretary for Justice v Wong Chi Fung (2018) 21 HKCFAR 35) also confirmed the idea of civil disobedience(paragraphs 70-72 of the judgment refer). This , therefore, confirmed that myself and the other 8 defendants as well as other civil disobedience protestors, should not be understood as “breaking the law” in its general circumstances, nor should our sentencing be weighted against the usual standard. Hong Kong people have been fighting for democracy through protest for 30 years already, whether it was during the times of colonial British rule or during the special administrative region, there has been no improvement. Today, we fought for democracy, just as the fights for freedom and democracy in India, South Africa and Poland, and civil disobedience is inevitable. It is true that we did not want to block the roads or affect Hong Kong citizens attending to work or school. But on reflection, didn’t the Communist Chinese and Special Administrative governments block our road to democracy and interfere with our rights to speak up?

If what I did was in the name of civil disobedience, why should I defend my case and not bear the criminal responsibility? In December 2014, the police made use of the statutory offences of “attending unauthorised assembly and inciting participation in unauthorised assembly” and arrested me at the village I live in. In March 2017, the police amended their charges to common law offences of “incitement to commit public nuisance and incitement to incite public nuisance”. As Mr. Benny Tai said in his closing submissions, quoting law professor of Cambridge University John R. Spencer on common law charges, “...almost all the prosecutions for public nuisance in recent years seem to have taken place in one of two situations: first, where the defendant’s behaviour amounted to a statutory offence, typically punishable with a small penalty, and the prosecutor wanted a bigger or extra stick to beat him with, and secondly, where the defendant’s behaviour was not obviously criminal at all and the prosecutor could think of nothing else to charge him with.” Coincidentally, the then Court of Appeal Honourable Mr Justice Robert Tang Kwok-ching stated in his retirement speech in 2018 that, “Common law can be used oppressively. It is protean power, unless adequately controlled by the proper application of human rights law, can be misused.” What he said has become true today.

Faced with 2 charges, I am going to stand by reasons and my principles, in order to assist the Court to overturn an unjust prosecution. However, should the court find me guilty, I shall bear the criminal responsibility. I have no qualm or regrets, in fulfilment of my chosen path of civil disobedience.

Who has not yet awoken?

I do reflect as to whether I am simply seeking a criminal sentence in order to make a point, or to encourage other young men to follow my footsteps into the gates of the prison. I have reflected upon this repeatedly. However, my answer is that, I am doing this precisely because I do not wish to see other young men following my suit into the prison. Because of this, I need to fight for what is ours fearlessly. Although today we are confronted by an oppressive authority, the looming legislation of unjust laws and a clouded future, I shall be as I always am: relentless maintaining my stance that a real election is the path to freedom for Hong Kong people. Anyone who claims to be acting in the interest of the next generation should fight for a free and equal choice for their youths. This is in order for them to learn to be independent, to be able to tell rights from wrongs. There should be no paternal thinking, simply teaching the next generation to be slaves of money and accessories to the oppressor.

My Lord Jesus Christ has said: ‘Very truly I tell you, unless a kernel of wheat falls to the ground and dies, it remains only a single seed. But if it dies, it produces many seeds. (Book of John 12:24.) Without sacrifice, there is no reward. I don’t wish to see any more young men having to join the path of civil disobedience as I did, and to pay the price as I did. However, I ask this of all men and women of wisdom: if peaceful demonstration in the old fashioned way has lost its effectiveness and was simply ignored, why is peaceful civil disobedience not a good way to bring about change whilst one is being oppressed? If not for this crowd movement, C Y Leung would still be sitting comfortably on the throne.

I have no mitigation to submit. I only wish that the Court would spare Reverend Chu, who is an elderly of 75 years of age. I pray that a non-custodial sentence may be passed for Reverend Chu. I hope that the Court will have leniency and mercy for Reverend Chu. I refer to the work of the American legal philosopher Ronald Dworkin in 1968, namely: ‘On Not Prosecuting Civil Disobedience’. He opined that, not only should the Court allow leniency to civil disobedience participants, but also should they not be prosecuted. In fact, Lord Hoffmann NPJ of the CFA stated the following in an interview with Apple Daily and South China Morning Post on 4th December 2014 (which was at the end of the Umbrella Movement, a day before the surrender of the 3 initiators of the Occupy Central Movement): ‘In any civilised society, there is room for people making political points by civil disobedience.’ ‘These are not wicked people.’ Civil disobedience had ‘an old tradition’ in the common law world. ‘When it comes to punishment, the court should take into account their personal convictions.’ In light of this, I hope the Court shall pass a humane sentence.

Your honour, I have no regret for participating in the Umbrella Movement and the fight for democracy. It was an honour of a lifetime. I have spent the best 10 years of my youth in social movements. If I can live up to 80-year-old, I would still have 50 years to walk alongside the people of Hong Kong, to continue the fight. If this is in doubt, please test my will against the whips of criminal punishment. I shall take this as a trial of my determination. I only hope that my brothers and sisters-in-arms can be inspired whilst I am imprisoned, to do goods and encourage others. I hope they shall have further courage and strength to be honest men and women, to fight against the lies of the ruling Chinese Communist authority.

“Hope lies in the hands of the people, change starts from resistance.’ It’s only through the power of the people and direct action that the society can be changed. This was so 8 years ago. This is still the case today. May the will of the people of Hong Kong be firm and determined, to fight for democracy, overthrow the privileged, and let justice be done. All hail for freedom! All hail for democratic socialism!

May justice and peace of my Lord Jesus Christ be with me, with your Honour and with the People of Hong Kong!

Vice President of the League of Social Democrats,
the 8th Defendant of the Umbrella Movement Case

Raphael Wong Ho Ming
10th April 2019

期待的政治英文影片第二集出爐了!!! 今天探討的是三位政治大咖的英文口語。再次聲明，此影片的目的不在於比較英文能力，而是提供學習者英文口語的實際操作和可以注意的小細節。對我而言，英文是一種工具，我並不覺得台灣的政治人物一定需要擁有驚人的外語能力。以下是影片中提到的一些資訊，請看完再發表評論:

關於韓市長的「晶晶體」: http://bit.ly/2kENRVv

★★★★★★★★★★★★

英文口語評估指標

• 是否到達溝通目的
• 考量語境/當下場景
• 詞彙資源
• 文法範圍和正確度
• 連貫性和流暢度還有發音

★★★★★★★★★★★★

韓國瑜（1957年6月17日－)，中華民國政治人物，中國國民黨，現任高雄市市長，中華民國陸軍軍官學校專修學生班40期、東吳大學英國語文學系文學學士、國立政治大學東亞研究所法學碩士。

EDIT: New Sample (08.21.2019): https://youtu.be/1xrcXcZvAko?t=148 (請先看完我們的分析)

最先去搜尋的是ICRT全英文的專訪，但是大部分影片和錄音檔都被刪除，只留下一些片段: https://youtu.be/zDYhd7XiSUQ?t=12 (Vid 1)

•prosperious -- prosperous Kaohsiung
•We will hire the English teacher so that we can save money -- cause, effect relationship?
•intelligible English pronunciation but spoke in short phrases

https://youtu.be/3helP_n9jY8?t=481 (Vid 2)

•唸稿子的時候有適當的停頓, 英文語調也有上下的起伏
•met--made, we have made the impossible possible
•in everyone eyes--in everyone’s eyes
•longing for better tomorrow --longing for a better tomorrow
•整體上來說沒有什麼問題...
•很難去評估真正的英文口語能力，畢竟是念稿子
•從詞彙量而言，至少足夠回應一般生活類問題
•因為句子還蠻短的，所以沒有什麼語法錯誤
•口音是一定有的，但是算標準，可以聽得懂
•短句的流暢度沒有大問題，但是連貫性可以增加

★★★★★★★★★★★★

郭台銘（英文名：Terry Gou，1950年10月18日－），中華民國企業家，新北板橋人，籍貫山西省晉城縣，臺灣省立板橋中學初中部、中國海事專科學校（今臺北海洋科技大學）航運管理科畢業，是鴻海科技集團（富士康）和鴻海精密的董事長兼總經理。以個人資產705億美元名列富比士億萬富翁列表中的第7大富豪，同時也是臺灣首富。2019年4月17日，郭台銘宣布投入中國國民黨的2020年中華民國總統選舉黨內初選。

郭台銘 - 企業領袖高峰會演講 APEC CEO Summit 2013: https://youtu.be/c733wqJup_I?t=175

•聽完他的對答覺得講得很好
•應該已經在商業界上運用英文三十幾年了
•1985就建立在美國一家分公司
•因為是商業場合，講的話算官方但直接
•以流暢度來說，會給高的評分
•英文詞彙上應用專業術語 (e.g., key components, technology integration)
•不熟悉字型的變化 morphology/word form--manufacture, manufacturing, manufacturer --we emerged as an electronics manufacturer; we innovation designer --no be verb; we are use all component and integration --we utilize component integration testing?, etc.)
•發音也蠻多問題的
•猜測他應該是有在練英文口語
•應該沒有太多寫作上的需求
•猜測他學習英文的方式是蠻自然的
•沒有花額外的時間在學習文法，刻意的去修正自己的錯誤
•學習英文的只是為了工作需求
•說話有連貫性也有技巧，但是無法精準表達意思
•在特定場景的口說上應該是沒有問題，因為重複性高而且大概可以猜出他會講什麼
•說實話，表現超出預料

★★★★★★★★★★★★

柯文哲（1959年8月6日－），中華民國著名外科醫師、無黨籍政治人物。現任臺北市市長。國立臺灣大學醫學院臨床醫學研究所博士畢業，曾任臺大醫院急診部醫師、臺大醫院創傷醫學部主任、臺大醫學院教授，2014年宣布參選臺北市市長選舉，並以「在野大聯盟」為號召，同年當選臺北市第15任直轄市市長，成為臺北市改制直轄市後首位無黨籍市長。2018年，參選臺北市市長並成功連任。

https://youtu.be/ffIxQ27jUdQ?t=159

•首先媒體對柯市長太嚴格了
•常講英文的時候是為了開玩笑「柯式幽默」
•在這個影片當中他確實有看稿子
•and da today
•today (stress on the second syllable )
•medical (stress on first syllable)
•metary -- military
• problems cause by L1 interference
•從語音結構上來看，中文是一種「音節計時語言（syllable-timed language）及「聲調語言」（tone language），每個字由一個音節構成，唸起來各音節輕重相當且時間大致等長，而且每個字有自己的聲調；但英語是一種「重音計時語言」（stress-timed language）及「語調語言」(intonation language)，每個字的音節數不一，由各音節是否有重音來決定其輕重、長短與音階高低，而重音落於何處也會決定其語意之不同。

-campus.cavesbooks.com.tw

•One of the most noticeable features of English is that some of its syllables are strong while many others are weak” (Roach, 2000, p81). English stress pattern is manifested through syllable length, loudness and pitch. In other words, stressed syllables are longer, louder and higher pitched than unstressed ones. Sometimes one word that is stressed differently may have different grammatical functions and meanings, for example, the homographs “record” (verb) and “record” (noun). “Record” has the stress on second syllable when it is a verb, and it has stress on the first when it is a noun. The shift of the stress even makes a noticeable difference to the sound of the vowels, for instance, “e” in noun “REcord” is pronounced as /e/, but /ɪ/ in verb “reCORD”.

-http://ec-concord.ied.edu.hk

•coal values -- core values
•freedom, tolerance, rule of law
•用詞大致上是正確的雖然還是有字形上(word form)的問題
•expensive -- expense
•每個句子都很短，但還是有溝通的功能
•蠻多文法的問題
•個人認為是有知識和魅力的一位候選人
•聽他用英文演講一段時間真的有困擾，因為沒重音，很難辨識重點
•講話沒有太多語調和節奏，在英文發音裡面是一個非常重要的環節
•會導致聽者需要完全專注他每一個字才能辨識他在說什麼
•不覺得每一個政治人物都需要英文，有專業和可靠的翻譯輔助，就覺得不會是一種困擾
•英文是一種工具，多一種工具就多一種選擇，但這種工具用不好時也有可能會造成一些誤解

★★★★★★★★★★★★

在此提供我的「心智圖詞彙攻略」課程: https://bit.ly/2teELDq

英文學習專頁: https://www.facebook.com/ericsenglishlounge/

還有Howard老師《會走路的翻譯機，神級英文學習攻略本》的傳送門 http://bit.ly/2DfGrhH

★★★★★★★★★★★★

同時也再次感謝炙瞳夢 RED FILM幾位大導演和貓哥的友情協助，幫我們拍攝和剪接出如此精彩的影片!

★★★★★★★★★★★★

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【Try IT 視聴者必見】
★参加者満足度98.6％！無料の「中学生・高校生対象オンラインセミナー」受付中！
「いま取り組むべき受験勉強法」や「効率的に点数を上げるテスト勉強の仕方」、「モチベーションの上げ方」まで、超・実践的な学習法をあなたに徹底解説します！
今月・来月のセミナー内容や日程は、トライさん公式LINEからご確認いただけます。
↓↓友だち登録はこちらから↓↓
https://liny.link/r/1655096723-1GOJPwzq?lp=gcZxVv
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この映像授業では「【高校　英語】　比較級の重要表現」が約7分で学べます。身につけたいポイントは「know better than to～　「～するほどおろかではない」　など」です。映像授業は、【はじめに】⇒【今回のポイント】⇒【今回のまとめ】の順に見てください。


この授業以外でもわからない単元があれば、下記のURLをクリックしてください。
各単元の映像授業をまとまって視聴することができます。


■「高校英文法」でわからないことがある人はこちら！

高校英文法　時制
https://goo.gl/k1ehYb

高校英文法　受動態
https://goo.gl/mwIc70

高校英文法　助動詞
https://goo.gl/TovEfF

高校英文法　不定詞
https://goo.gl/8hxojj

高校英文法　動名詞
https://goo.gl/jufF4e

高校英文法　分詞
https://goo.gl/J5Yz5e

高校英文法　仮定法
https://goo.gl/ydkq2Y

高校英文法　比較
https://goo.gl/dyjZL8

高校英文法　関係詞
https://goo.gl/86IuHk

高校英文法　接続詞
https://goo.gl/mG3fXp

高校英文法　動詞
https://goo.gl/VGWuXR

高校英文法　名詞・冠詞
https://goo.gl/EdWYDJ

高校英文法　代名詞
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高校英文法　前置詞
https://goo.gl/4HCu4O

高校英文法　形容詞・副詞
https://goo.gl/MK3m3k

高校英文法　５文型
https://goo.gl/yn5jjj

高校英文法　強調・倒置・挿入・省略・同格
https://goo.gl/1ZdExp

■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■
【Try IT 視聴者必見】
★参加者満足度98.6％！無料の「中学生・高校生対象オンラインセミナー」受付中！
「いま取り組むべき受験勉強法」や「効率的に点数を上げるテスト勉強の仕方」、「モチベーションの上げ方」まで、超・実践的な学習法をあなたに徹底解説します！
今月・来月のセミナー内容や日程は、トライさん公式LINEからご確認いただけます。
↓↓友だち登録はこちらから↓↓
https://liny.link/r/1655096723-1GOJPwzq?lp=gcZxVv
■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■

この映像授業では「【高校　英語】　比較級の重要表現」が約6分で学べます。身につけたいポイントは「know better than to～　「～するほどおろかではない」　など」です。映像授業は、【ポイントのおさらい】⇒【練習】⇒【入試レベルにチャレンジ】⇒【今回のまとめ】の順に見てください。


この授業以外でもわからない単元があれば、下記のURLをクリックしてください。
各単元の映像授業をまとまって視聴することができます。


■「高校英文法」でわからないことがある人はこちら！

高校英文法　時制
https://goo.gl/k1ehYb

高校英文法　受動態
https://goo.gl/mwIc70

高校英文法　助動詞
https://goo.gl/TovEfF

高校英文法　不定詞
https://goo.gl/8hxojj

高校英文法　動名詞
https://goo.gl/jufF4e

高校英文法　分詞
https://goo.gl/J5Yz5e

高校英文法　仮定法
https://goo.gl/ydkq2Y

高校英文法　比較
https://goo.gl/dyjZL8

高校英文法　関係詞
https://goo.gl/86IuHk

高校英文法　接続詞
https://goo.gl/mG3fXp

高校英文法　動詞
https://goo.gl/VGWuXR

高校英文法　名詞・冠詞
https://goo.gl/EdWYDJ

高校英文法　代名詞
https://goo.gl/41H9sP

高校英文法　前置詞
https://goo.gl/4HCu4O

高校英文法　形容詞・副詞
https://goo.gl/MK3m3k

高校英文法　５文型
https://goo.gl/yn5jjj

高校英文法　強調・倒置・挿入・省略・同格
https://goo.gl/1ZdExp