一翻譯,意思就失落了。讀許多世界文學的英文譯本,許多譯者在前言都會解釋:例如,普希金的詩,在俄文中,原來有一股俄文才體現出來的磅礡,一經英譯,原意多少就失落了。不是譯者筆拙,而是兩種語文,畢竟如兩個人的性格,要把他們匹配在一起,無論怎樣水乳交融,總有些字眼傳遞的感覺,是英文無法表達的。
Lost in Translation,是一個翻譯家無法訴說的遺憾。原文含蓄百轉千迴,話中有話,意外別有洞天,他十分清楚,但翻譯的搜索枯腸,確實找不到心心相印的字眼。此中有真意,欲說已無言,翻譯家常常有這樣的痛苦,不是不精通外文,而是翻譯時多方尋覓還是無法搭得上電線。
例如:中文一句:「捨不得啊」,怎樣英譯呢? Cannot afford?太冰硬了。 Miss it very much?也不是這個意思。中文的「依依不捨」,一硬譯成英文,原文的那股纏綿繾綣的意思就失落了,這就叫 Lost in translation。
還有,從前的中國少女,向男人撒嬌,一跺腳,喜歡說:「我不依你」。「我不依你」,有千般的嗲氣,萬分的嫵媚,在輕罵之中,帶有像絲一樣的溫情,不可能英譯,這是語文的一種奇特的意態,再高手的大師,在外文也找不到一項言詞的配混。
還是英文和法文之間比較易溝通。大量的法語詞彙,直接入侵英文,像 Deja-vu,乾脆用法文原文入英,市場不干預 Laissez-faire,法文最先發明,今天已無國界。連開演唱會,最後一句 Encore,也必定由千萬歌迷狂呼高喊才有地動山搖的震撼,用英語叫 Again,或者 Once more,不行,這就叫 Lost in Translation。
人世間的溝通,常有百詞莫辯的時候。一個詞彙的精緻,一碟小菜的美味,還有一個女人的溫柔,該怎樣來傳遞而表達呢?花能解語,但語不可詮花,一切的美感都凝聚在舌尖, Lost in Translation,是一種酥在骨子裡的痛苦。惟有經歷過這樣的折磨,才明白這世界,不止翻譯是徒勞,有時溝通也是白費,真情幻意的妙諦,盡在意會之中。
【誠徵翻譯評論】
clip #39 的主題為翻譯文學,以下摘錄自海明威作品《老人與海》的原文選段,並引張愛玲、藍婷和楊照的譯本,希望收集讀者對各譯本的評語,由編輯部整理後刊於專題。
讀者可於留言欄發表評論,字數不限。
----------------------------------------------------
Original text by Ernest Hemingway:
“You better be fearless and confident yourself, old man,” he said. “You’re holding him again but you cannot get line. But soon he has to circle.”
The old man held him with his left hand and his shoulders now and stooped down and scooped up water in his right hand to get the crushed dolphin flesh off of his face. He was afraid that it might nauseate him and he would vomit and lose his strength. When his face was cleaned he washed his right hand in the water over the side and then let it stay in the salt water while he watched the first light come before the sunrise. He’s headed almost east, he thought. That means he is tired and going with the current. Soon he will have to circle. Then our true work begins.
After he judged that his right hand had been in the water long enough he took it out and looked at it.
“It is not bad,” he said. “And pain does not matter to a man.”
He took hold of the line carefully so that it did not fit into any of the fresh line cuts and shifted his weight so that he could put his left hand into the sea on the other side of the skiff.
“You did not do so badly for something worthless,” he said to his left hand. “But there was a moment when I could not find you.”
張愛玲譯:
「老頭子,你還是顧你自己吧,你也得勇敢,有自信心,」他說。「你沒讓他掙脫,但是你收不回釣絲來。但是他不久就得要轉圈子了。」
老人現在用他的左手和肩膀來拉住他,他彎下腰來用右手掬起水來,洗掉他臉上糊著的稀爛的鯕鰍肉。他怕那腥氣會使他作嘔,他一嘔吐,就沒力氣了。他臉洗乾淨了,又把右手伸在船邊的水裏洗了洗,然後就讓它泡在那鹽水裏,同時他注視著日出前天剛剛亮起來的情景。他是差不多朝東走,他想。可見魚是疲倦了,跟著潮流走。不久他就得轉圈子了。然後我們真正的工作就開始了。
他認為他的右手泡在水裏時間夠長了,就把它拿出來,朝它看看。
「不壞,」他說。「疼痛是不礙事的,並不傷人。」
他小心地握住那釣絲,使它不至於嵌進新割破的地方,他向另一邊倚著,使他可以在船那一邊把左手插到水裏去。
「你這無用的東西,這次成績倒還不錯,」他對他的左手說。「但是起初有那麼一會子我找不到你。」
藍婷譯:
「你還是自己勇敢一些,對自己要充滿信心才是、老頭。」他對自己說:「你現在只能握住繩子,可是你還不能收回繩子。相信他很快就會繞圈子了。」
老人現在用左手和肩膀撐住繩子,彎下腰用右手掬起水來,洗掉臉上糊成一團的肉渣,他很怕那腥味會使自己作嘔,只要一嘔吐,就會沒力氣了。他把臉洗乾淨,又把右手伸到船邊的水裏洗一洗,然後就讓他泡在鹽水裏,並注視著太陽升起之前的第一道曙光,魚幾乎是朝東方前進,他想,這表示牠已經很疲倦了,所以只好順著海流前進。相信等一會牠就會開始轉圈子,到那時候我們便要一決勝負了。
他認為他的右手在水裡泡得夠久了,於是便把他拿回來瞧一瞧。
「還不算壞嘛!」他說:「疼痛並不礙事,也算不了甚麼。」
他小心地握住繩子,使它不致於又磨擦新割破的地方,然後,把繩子向另一邊轉移一下,以便左手可以在船的另一邊放進海水裏面。
「你這沒用的傢伙,你還不算太差勁!」他對著自己的左手說:「不過有一陣子我差點找不到你。」
楊照譯:
「你自己最好甚麼都不怕,充滿自信,老傢伙,」他說:「你又掌握住他了,不過你沒辦法把線拉回來。不過很快地,他得繞圈圈。」
老人用左手和肩膀掌握那魚,彎下身舀水在右手,把臉上黏著的海豚魚肉洗掉。他擔心魚肉讓他噁心,一旦吐了會失去力量。臉乾淨了,他將右手伸出船沿進到水裡,然後讓手留在鹹水裡,看著太陽升起前最早的光線出現。他幾乎是朝東了,他想。這意味著他累了,所以順著洋流游。很快地他就得繞圈圈了。那樣真正的活兒就開始了。
他判斷右手在水中夠久了,他把手拿出來,盯著手看。
「還不壞,」他說:「疼痛對一個男人來說不算一回事。」
他小心地握住釣線,避免碰到新割的傷口,然後移動重心,以便能夠將左手從小船的另一邊放進海中。
「你這次還算蠻有用的,」他對左手說:「但有一陣子我找不到你。」
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【我親愛的Zoom視訊客人們】
To My Dear Zoom Clients
我忍了真的⋯⋯真的⋯⋯很久,今天過後實在忍無可忍,一定要叮嚀所有過去和未來的客人們。
我年紀很大了,受不了太大的刺激。
拜託,你們可以Zoom好來嗎?😓😑
一、Zoom視訊的視角 = 拍護照照的視角
護照自2020年起就已成為古董,但大家這一生應該有拍過證件照吧!
對了,就是要頭髮整齊,讓我看到你的雙耳、雙眼、鼻子、嘴巴、頸項和肩膀,到胸部。
我批八字時,需要看整個面相。不要讓你一半的臉掉出鏡頭外,這樣很像鍾無艷,也不要嘴巴不見掉,這樣我很像在跟一條羅漢魚視訊。
我看面相包括看你的嘴巴、牙齒和說話時的嘴形。是的,看相就是需要那麼仔細。
如果你的螢幕太低,那就找書本或舊報紙,把螢幕墊高一點。別讓我整一個小時半只看到你的雙下巴,會把你的面相比例給看錯。
不要一直告訴我不好意思,方法是人想出來的。
•
二、光線
太暗,我看你如見鬼。
太亮,我會看不清你的膚色。
拉開窗簾,不要背向陽光。
有必要的話,就直接開燈!
•
三、勿放什麼椰樹沙灘/金門大橋的虛擬背景圖
什麼虛擬背景圖都不要放啦~
我的家美最重要,我不在乎你的家美不美,我只是來看命的。
如果你的Wi-Fi不是很強,電腦功能不是很厲害,這類的虛擬背景圖會讓你的視訊畫面卡卡的。
有時你轉個身,整個右邊不見了,或部份的頭髮少了,讓我覺得我好像在看恐怖片,嚇人啊~
•
四、環境和聲音
有些海外客人其實非常用心。為了與我視訊,特別去買有麥克風的耳機🎧,讓我能更清楚的聽到他們的聲音。😍
沒有使用耳機和麥克風的客人,往往他們的聲音會有種空氣般的回音,如果他們本身講話又小聲,我的耳機聲量開滿,我還是聽得滿辛苦的
也有香港和馬來西亞客人租過會議室、鐘點房間或單人工作室,就是為了不受家人的干擾,能安心的與我視訊。😍
最有趣的是,去年新加坡阻斷措施時,有位男客人跑到屋外的走廊坐在地上與我視訊。只是外頭風聲有點大,我好幾次都聽不清楚他的聲音。
曾有客人在咖啡廳與我視訊。咖啡廳裡的高談闊論聲和器皿的敲擊聲,頻頻從我的耳機闖進我的耳朵,哇~我的耳朵那時真的是活受罪,還要裝一副氣定神閒的樣子。
天啊,兩次過後,我寧願退錢,也不再見這樣的客人了。耳朵只有一對,我要保護好啊!
在這裡聲明:一般我們買手機時的那種有麥克風的耳機,就已能視訊。沒有戴耳機和麥克風的客人,我一概會拒絕諮詢,把費用原銀奉還。
五、孩子
曾試過諮詢的前20分鐘,一直被女客人的小孩打擾,進來哭著要媽媽主持公道。
如果你家中有六歲以下的兒童,會時不時來敲你的門,我建議你還是先別約我。你這樣會分心,無法聽好我交代的事,而我也得一直等你去安撫你的孩子,就無法在限定時間內看完你的八字,這樣對誰都不公平。
六、我只見客人一人
這個規矩,從我一出道就定下來,也清楚的寫在網站上,根本不用一而再的來試探水溫。
但這兩個星期,還是有客人硬闖關,事先安排自己的配偶/孩子坐在電腦的另一面,要他們聽我講他的八字。
我從不改我的規矩,也沒有八字或風水是我非看不可的。
讀書這麼高,連自己的命都不能自己負責,這已經不是能改到命的人了。
你一定要你的配偶陪你聽,那你需要的不是我來教你改命,是你的配偶來安你的心。
將來若還有這樣的事,我會直接中斷視訊,把錢退回去。
七、「我第一次用Zoom!」
可是從報名那天到今天的諮詢,你有兩個月的時間去摸索。
兩個月,怎麼還是錯誤百出?因為客人根本沒有事先準備和練習。
結果我就這樣等了20分鐘,還得等對方下載軟件。
Zoom不難使用,但如果是你沒有花時間去摸索,就不要撒謊,直接說,我就直接退現錢。
品德是改命的資糧,不要為了自己能脫身就隨便編一個漏洞百出的謊,還說自己是好人。這...不會臉皮太厚了嗎?
小事都不願做好,絕對不會成大器。
八、暈車
有些客人用Ipad或手機來視訊。
重點是,他一支手拿著手機,一支手拿筆寫筆記。他一邊寫,另一支手就一邊搖晃。他做在床上,移動一下,手機就彷彿大海嘯幾下🌊
我一天如果見三個這樣客人,我的視線就搖晃了5個小時。工作完畢後,頭也會痛得厲害,無法完成晚上製片的工作。
沒有自拍器三腳架,也應該有些書本或東西來頂著手機。
各位,多點善心,為我著想一下吧⋯⋯
__________________________
To My Dear Zoom Clients
I have been enduring it for a really really long time. That's it! I am gonna put a stop to this after today and send out this reminder to all my past and future clients.
I am getting on in years, and cannot stand too much stimulation.
Please.... can you guys do a proper Zoom?
Number 1: Going on screen in Zoom = Taking a photograph for your passport.
Since 2020, the passport has become something of an antique but I believe everyone has taken some kind of ID photos! Yes, the ones with your neatly combed trusses where I can see both your ears, nose, mouth, neck, shoulder all the way to your chest.
I would like to see your full face during the Bazi Consultation. Please don't allow half your face to fall off the screen and you end up looking like Zhong Wu Yan! Please also don't hide your mouth making me feel like I am talking to a Arrowana.
When I analyze your facial features, it includes your mouth, teeth and the shape of your mouth while you are talking. Yes, it is down to such level of details.
If your PC / Laptop monitor is too low, please find a book or old newspapers and stack it on top. Please don't let me only see your double chin for that 1.5 hours, as I would probably get the proportion of your face wrong.
Don't keep telling me you are apologetic. Think of a way out.
Number 2: The background lighting.
Too dark, you risk looking like a ghost.
Too bright, I cannot figure out your skin color.
Draw open the curtains, but don't face your back to the sunlight.
If necessary, just turn on the lights!
Number 3: Background images of coconut trees on sandy beaches or the Golden Gate Bridge.
There is no need to put on a virtual background. I only care about how my hone looks, I am not bothered by yours. I am only here to see your Bazi.
If your WIFI signal or your PC / Laptop performance is poor, using the virtual background can often make your Zoom video choppy. Sometimes when you turn your body, one side of your body or some part of your hair will disappear. It's really like one of those spooky movies scaring the wits out of me.
•
Number 4: Background environment and noise.
Some of my overseas clients really put in effort for our Zoom sessions. They bought a headset with a mic so that I can hear them properly and vice versa.
Those that did not use a earphone or a headset often sounded echo-ish, and if they spoke softly, I would have to turn on the volume on my side full throttle and still have a hard time trying to hear them.
There are some clients from Hong Kong and Malaysia who would rent meeting rooms, hotel rooms or private work spaces by the hour so as to reduce any disturbance from others and better focus on the Zoom session with me.
I recalled an interesting incident during the Circuit Breaker last year. A client from Singapore Zoom-ed with me along the corridor outside his house. Most of the time, I was hearing the howling of the winds rather than his voice.
Some clients sat themselves in coffee places for our session. These places are often filled with loud chatters and the clanging of cups and plates, and my ears suffered terribly. Yet, I have to continue to be seen as composed and attentive.
Goodness me, after 2 of such experiences, I decided that I rather refund these clients and never see them again. I have only 1 pair of ears and I want to protect them at all costs!
A normal earpiece that comes with the purchase of a handphone is good enough for Zoom video calls. For clients who do not have a earpiece/headset and a mic, I would end the consultation and refund the monies.
•
Number 5: Children
There was once where a session with a female client was repeatedly disrupted by her kids, running in crying for their mother to settle their quarrels. If you have children below 6 years of age, and likely to interrupt our session, I suggest you don't book a consultation with me.
You will be distracted, unable to focus on my advice and I have to wait for you to clear up the situation with your children, eating into the allowable time for me to complete the consultation. This is unfair to both you and me.
•
Number 6: I only meet one person, that is the Client.
I have set this requirement the day I stepped into this line of work, and it is clearly written in my booking form. There is no need to try your luck under any circumstances.
But in the space of 2 weeks, there were some clients who rode their luck and got their spouse / child to sit on the other side of the screen to listen in on our consultation.
I never change my stance, and there is no single client that I cannot afford to lose.
If you insist to have your spouse sit in, it is apparent that you do not need me to help transform your destiny. Rather you really need your spouse to put your heart at ease.
If such things happen the next time, I will end the session immediately and refund the fees.
•
Number 7: "My first time using Zoom"
But you have 2 full months to prepare before our actual consultation. You did not end up wasting time exploring the software and I wasted 20 mins waiting for you to download the software.
Zoom is an easy software to use but if you did not spend the time to familiarize yourself with it, please quit the lies and tell me directly. I will refund the consultation fees on the spot.
Our moral ethics serve as the foundation for our transformation. Stop weaving web of lies to get out of sticky situations, and still claim that you are a good person. Isn't this too thick-skinned?
•
Number 8: Giddy spells
Some clients use Ipad or their handphones for the Zoom session. Crucially, they hold the device with one hand, and take notes with the other. As they write, the other hand holding the phone becomes shaky. If he is doing that on his bed, his handphone would shake like a tsunami wave every time he changes his position.
If I see 3 such clients within a day, it would be 5 hours of shaking visuals for me. That would mean a splitting headache at the end of my work day, and not being able to work on my videos at night.
Even if you don't have a tripod stand, at least prop up the device with a book or something.
Please everyone, please be kind and have mercy on me......
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[時事英文] 死亡率(mortality rate)*、壓平曲線(flattening the curve)、活動限制 (lockdown):如何理解這些術語?
Language goes beyond a sealed system governed by a rigid set of rules. To fully understand the meaning of a word, one must look further than connotation and denotation, and also take context into consideration. In this case, one needs to examine the social, political, economic, and even statistical contexts of the terms.
語言並非只是受嚴密規則所約束的封閉系統。為了充分理解一個單詞的意涵,我們不僅要瞭解其本義與引申義,同時還要考慮整個語境。在此一情況下,應要考察社會、政治、經濟甚至統計上的語境。
Does “confirmed cases,” for example, mean the same thing in every country before and during the coronavirus outbreak? What about “lockdowns”? Does it mean that the government is advising people to stay home or is someone nailing your door shut? Some food for thought when reading about the coronavirus outbreak.
例如,在冠狀病毒爆發前以及爆發期間,「確診病例」在各國是否具有相同的含義?那麼,封鎖呢?這是否意味著政府正建議人們留在家中,抑或有人正把你家大門釘上?以上是在閱讀疫情的相關資訊時所引人深思的一些事情。
*同學好心的補充說明:「mortality rate」通常指的是死亡率,而「fatality rate」則是(因罹患某疾病)致死率。兩者都是重要的死亡指標,但計算公式不相同。
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《紐約時報》報導:
Making sense of the coronavirus pandemic requires getting up to speed on semantics as much as epidemiology. Government officials and health care professionals toss off mentions of mortality rates, flattening the curve and lockdowns, assuming that we know what they mean. But the terms mean different things from country to country, state to state, even city to city and person to person. Officials use the same phrases about mass testing, caseloads and deaths to describe very different situations. That makes it hard to give clear answers to vital questions: How bad are things? Where are they headed?
1. make sense of… 理解……
2. get up to speed on 了解最新情況;跟上進度
3. toss off 輕而易舉地處理*
弄懂新型冠狀病毒大流行,既需要了解流行病學的最新情況,也需要在語義學上跟上形勢。「死亡率」、「壓平曲線」和「活動限制」等說法從政府官員和公共衛生專業人士的嘴裡脫口而出,他們假設大家都知道這些詞的意思。但對不同的國家、不同的州,甚至不同的城市和個人來說,這些術語有著不同的含義。 官員們使用「大規模檢測」、「病例數」和「死亡病例數」等相同的措辭,來描繪非常不同的情況。這令一些重要的問題難以得到明確的回答:情況有多糟糕?正在向什麼方向發展?
toss off: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/toss%20off
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People search for insight by comparing their countries to those that are further along in the epidemic. But if the terms are misleading or used in differing ways, the comparisons are flawed. Also, the statistics and vocabulary offer a false sense of precision while in reality, the information we have shows only a fraction of what’s going on. “The new cases or deaths each day are given as exact numbers, and we’re trained to take that at face value,” said Mark N. Lurie, an epidemiologist at Brown University’s School of Public Health. “But those are far from exact, they’re deeply flawed, and their meaning varies from place to place and from time period to time period.”
4. be further along in 在……上走得更深遠
5. at face value 根據外表;從表面上看
人們將自己的國家與那些經歷了疫情更多階段的國家進行比較,以求了解情況。但是,如果這些詞語使人產生誤解,或在使用方式上存在差異的話,這種比較就是錯誤的。此外,這些統計數據和詞彙給人以精準的假象,而現實是,我們所掌握的信息僅代表冰山一角。「每天的新增病例數或死亡人數都是以精準數字的形式通報的,我們被訓練成只看這些表面數字。」布朗大學公共衛生學院流行病學家馬克・盧裡說。「但這些數字遠非精準,而且有嚴重缺陷,它們的含義因不同的時間和地點而不同。」
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I. Confirmed Cases 確診病例
Countries vary wildly in testing for the virus and how they report the numbers, and experts say most infections are going undetected. So the publicized national tallies are rough, incomplete pictures that may not be all that comparable. And that’s if countries are forthcoming about their data.
6. vary wildly in 在……上有極大的差異*
7. publicize 公布;宣傳
8. national tallies 國家的統計數據
9. incomplete pictures 不完整的狀況
10. forthcoming 樂於幫助的
各國在病毒檢測以及通報數字的方式上有很大差異,而且專家們說,大多數感染都沒有被發現。因此,各國公布的只是粗略的數據,這些並不完整的描繪也許沒有多少可比性。這還是在假設各國願意提供數據的情況下。
wildly: https://bit.ly/2wkgPjo
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Officials in the United States say that China, which has reported more than 82,000 infections, has understated its epidemic. Until this week, the Chinese government excluded those patients who tested positive for the virus but had no symptoms. China also doesn’t say how many tests it has conducted, and doubts have been raised about whether it has tested extensively in Xinjiang, the province where it holds hundreds of thousands of Muslims in indoctrination camps. The Covid Tracking Project, run by The Atlantic, has tried to compile all the numbers in the United States and reports more than 1.2 million tests so far, over 3,600 per million people.
11. understate 未如實陳述;避重就輕地說
12. exclude 把……排除在外
13. indoctrination camps 再教育營
14. run by 由……經營
中國通報的累計確診病例超過8萬2千例,美國官員說,中國淡化了國內的疫情。直到本週前,中國政府一直把病毒檢測呈陽性但沒有癥狀的感染者不納入確診病例。中國也未公開接受檢測的人數,而且外界已對中國是否在新疆進行了大規模檢測表示懷疑,中國在那裡把數十萬穆斯林關進了拘禁營。《大西洋月刊》的新冠肺炎追蹤計劃試圖匯總美國的所有數據,它統計到的數字是,美國迄今為止進行了逾120萬例檢測,平均每百萬人超過3600例。
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II. Widespread Testing 大規模檢測
It matters not only how many people are tested, but also when, and who they are. Once again, countries differ, shaping what the numbers mean. A few countries, like South Korea, Australia and Singapore, got serious about mass testing early on. They used the information to do ambitious contact-tracing — finding and testing those who had recently been near infected people, even if they had no symptoms.
15. it matters 重要的是
16. not only……, but also…… 不僅……,而且……
17. get serious about 認真對待某事
18. early on 在早期
重要的不只是多少人做了檢測,檢測時間和檢測對象也很重要。各國在檢測時間和對象上也有不同,這讓數字的含義也有所不同。韓國、澳洲和新加坡等少數國家很早就開始認真地進行大規模檢測。他們利用這些信息嚴格追蹤接觸者,也就是找到並檢測那些親密接觸者,即使他們沒有癥狀。
⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹
But most nations with large numbers of cases have done less testing, waited longer to do it in bulk, and made little attempt at contact tracing. They find themselves playing catch-up with the virus, ramping up testing after their outbreaks had already mushroomed. They detect more cases, but by then it’s hard to tell how much of that growth is the expanding epidemic and how much is expanding surveillance. Unable to meet the demand, they often limit testing to the sickest patients and health workers.
19. in bulk 大量
20. make little attempt 幾乎未做嘗試
21. ramp up 增加*
22. mushroom (v.) 迅速增長;迅速發展*
23. meet the demand 滿足需求
24. limit……to 將……限制在……
但大多數存在大量確診病例的國家進行的檢測數量都比較少,都是等了更長時間後才開始進行大規模檢測,而且對追蹤接觸者的工作幾乎未做嘗試。這些國家發現自己在拚命追趕病毒的傳播,在疫情迅速蔓延後才加大了檢測力度。這些國家都檢測到了更多的病例,但此時已很難判斷新增病例中有多少是疫情不斷擴大的結果,有多少是擴大疫情監測的結果。由於無法滿足檢測需求,這些國家通常只能對病情最嚴重的患者以及衛生工作者做檢測。
ramp up: https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/ramp-up
mushroom: https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/mushroom
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III. Fatality Rates 致死率
It has been stated time and again: Italy and Spain have high mortality rates among coronavirus patients, Germany’s is low, and China’s is somewhere between. It may not be that simple. Counting the dead is as flawed and inconsistent as counting the infected. Recent reports say that mortuaries in Wuhan, China, where the disease was first discovered, have ordered thousands more urns than usual, suggesting a much higher death toll than the city’s official count, 2,535. The outbreaks in Wuhan, and parts of Italy and Spain, overwhelmed hospitals, forcing many sick people to ride it out at home. No one knows how many people have recovered or died without ever being tested. And if only the sickest patients are tested, then the number of infections will appear smaller and the percentage who die will seem higher.
25. time and again 屢次;一再
26. as flawed and inconsistent as 像……一樣存在缺陷與不一致
27. mortuary 停屍間(太平間)
28. urn 骨灰罈
29. suggest 暗示*
30. death toll 死亡人數
31. to ride it out 安然渡過(難關)*
一個反覆提及的說法是:義大利和西班牙的新冠病毒肺炎患者死亡率高,德國的低,中國的居中。情況也許並不那麼簡單。統計死亡人數和統計感染人數一樣存在缺陷和不一致的地方。最近有報導稱,武漢的殯儀館訂購的骨灰盒數比該市官方統計的2535例死亡高出好幾千,表明死亡人數遠高於官方公布的數字。新冠病毒最早就是在這座城市發現的。武漢以及義大利和西班牙部分地區的疫情使醫院不堪重負,許多患者被迫在家中渡過難關。沒人知道究竟有多少人在從未做檢測的情況下康復或死亡。如果只對病情最嚴重的患者做檢測的話,感染人數看上去會更低,而死亡率看起來將更高。
suggest: https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/suggest
ride sth out: https://bit.ly/2Rd6Tj6
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IV. The Peak 疫情高峰
Officials often talk about when the epidemic peaks or plateaus — when a country “flattens the curve.” But they rarely specify, the peak of what? And how can we be sure we’re past it? When an outbreak is growing unchecked, more people become infected and more die each day than the day before. On a graph, the curve showing the daily count of new cases has gone from rising sharply to moving sideways — the curve has flattened — and even begun to move downward. That is one corner being turned: The rate of the spread of the virus has slowed down. It takes longer to turn another: the rate of people dying.
32. from rising sharply to moving sideways 從急劇上升到橫向移動
33. turn the corner 好轉;度過難關*
官員們經常提疫情何時達到高峰或進入平台期,也就是一個國家「壓平曲線」的時候。但他們很少具體說明是什麼達到了高峰,以及我們怎麼能確定高峰已過?當疫情不受控制地發展時,每天的感染和死亡人數都比前一天多。曲線圖上顯示的每天新增病例數從急劇上升變得趨於平緩——曲線已被壓平——甚至開始下降。這是一個轉折點:病毒的傳播速度已經放緩。度過死亡人數的轉折點則需要更長的時間。
turn the corner: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/turn%20the%20corner
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But even when those curves flatten, the epidemic still has not “peaked” by another crucial measure: the number of active cases. That figure continues to rise until the number of patients who either die or recover each day is larger than the number of new infections. To ease the staggering load on health care systems, the active cases curve must also flatten and then fall.
34. peak (v.) 使……達到頂峰
35. either……or…… 不是……就是……
36. staggering 沉重的;巨大的
但是,即使這些曲線已趨於平緩,疫情的另一個重要衡量指標——現存確診病例數——仍未達到「峰值」。在每天的死亡或康復患者人數超過新增感染人數之前,這個數字還將繼續上升。為緩解衛生系統的沉重負擔,現存確診病例數的曲線也必須先趨平,然後下降。
peak: https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/peak_2
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V. Lockdowns 封鎖(活動限制)
More than two billion people, including most Americans, are living under something usually called a lockdown. But there is no set definition of that word — or related terms like stay-at-home mandates and social distancing — so the details differ from place to place. The biggest differences may be in enforcement. Some places, like those in the United States with lockdowns, mostly rely on people to follow the rules without coercion. But Italy and others have deployed soldiers to ensure compliance, and French police have fined hundreds of thousands of people for violating restrictions. China, in addition to using security forces, mobilized an army of volunteers, ratcheting up social pressure to obey.
37. set definition 固定的定義
38. enforcement 實施;執行
39. rely on 仰賴;依靠
40. deploy 部署
41. compliance 服從
42. fine 處……以罰款(或罰金)
43. in addition to 除了……之外
44. mobilize 動員
45. ratchet sth up/down 逐步增加/減少
全球有20多億人,包括大多數美國人正生活在一般被稱為「活動限制」的狀態下。但這個詞沒有固定的定義,其他的相關說法,比如政府的「待在家裡」和「保持社交距離」令也沒有明確的定義,所以各地的具體做法也不一樣。最大的不同可能在執行方面。有些地方,比如美國有限制令的地方,主要依靠人們自覺遵守,而非強制。但義大利等國為確保限制令的落實而動用了軍隊,法國警方還對數已十萬計的違反禁令者處以罰款。中國除了使用安全部隊外,還動員了一支志願者大軍來加大服從封鎖隔離措施的社會壓力。
⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹⊹
Italy’s experience shows the looseness of the term. It has gone through several phases of restrictions, applying them to more people, making them stricter and increasing enforcement. A few weeks ago, a person could travel around Italy for a valid work or family reason. Now, people are fined for nonessential walking too far from their homes. But each stage was widely called by the same name: lockdown.
46. looseness 鬆散
47. valid 確鑿的;合理的;有根據的;讓人信服的
義大利的經歷表明了這個詞語解釋上的自由。義大利的封鎖令經歷了幾個階段,適用範圍擴大到越來越多的人,封鎖及其執行也變得越來越嚴格。幾週前,人們還可以因為正當的工作或家庭原因在義大利旅行。現在,人們會因不必要的離家太遠的走動而被罰款。但禁令的每個階段用的都是同一個泛泛的名稱:活動限制。
《紐約時報》完整報導:https://nyti.ms/2XcCUeT
圖片出處:https://fxn.ws/34gwSeH
★★★★★★★★★★★★
時事英文大全:http://bit.ly/2WtAqop
如何使用「時事英文」:https://bit.ly/3a9rr38
#疫情英文
get off work意思 在 賓狗單字Bingo Bilingual Youtube 的評價
更多英文學習資源,就在嘖嘖:https://www.zeczec.com/projects/bingobilingual
而且還有:
· Bingo news podcast(全英文緩速錄製)
· 高效率線上課程(文法解析 + 發音教學,持續更新累積)
快點擊上列連結加入吧!
1 【work 辦公室】-- 名詞(不可數、通常不加 the)
I have to go to work today.
go to work 去上班、開始工作
I should get to work on the presentation now.
go to the office
leave for work
2 【work 與 office 比比看】-- 都是名詞(定冠詞、可數與否)
【認真】
Work 職場;工作的地方 — 抽象 — 不可數、也不用 the 指定
Office 辦公室 — 具體、世界上也有無數間辦公室 — 可數,必須用 the 指定自己那間辦公室
【賓狗小偏方】
work 當辦公室時,到底要不要加 s 跟定冠詞呢?你就想 work 這個字,最基礎的意思就是工作,工作當時是越少越好啊,所以不要再加 the 跟 s 了 XD
3 【get off work 下班】-- 動詞片語
What time do you get off work? I can pick you up.
get off
leave work
leave the office
往下比較一下
4 【out of work 失業】 - 形容詞片語
He’s been out of work for more than a year.
get off work vs. out of work
哪個是下班,哪個是失業
【認真】
你可以利用網路多看一些例句跟文章,加深印象,如果還是記不起來👇
【賓狗小偏方】
這時候,記得賓狗說,下班很開心,所以手指會比個 ok,哇好像 get “off” work 中的 off 啊,所以 get off work 是開心的「下班」,out of work 則是難過的失業
小補充同義詞:
Unemployed
do not have a job
lose one’s job
5 【work 到底可不可數】
當作品可數
當工作不可數
作品(畫作、文學)
The museum has many works by Taiwanese painters.
工作、工作內容(即使工作內容繁雜,不只一項)
You can take this work home.
簡單複習
1 work 辦公室(不可數、不用 the)
2 office 也是辦公室(可數、可加 the)
3 get off work 下班
4 out of work 失業
5 work 只有當作品的時候可數
![post-title](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/zFTd5ZEvQxQ/hqdefault.jpg)
get off work意思 在 (己解決)"下班"的英文是Get off duty 或get off? (答案是Get off duty) 的八卦
更簡單的說法是take off. ... for example: take 2 days off. ... I am going to take off....(我要走了) = 下班了..... ... 用off duty 也行!! ... <看更多>
get off work意思 在 get off work中文在PTT/Dcard完整相關資訊 - 小文青生活 的八卦
提供get off work中文相關PTT/Dcard文章,想要了解更多get off work中文、下班英文怎麼說、職場英語會話有關歷史/文化文章或書籍,歡迎來小文青生活 ... ... <看更多>
get off work意思 在 下班,就是下班!(Get off work!)阿兜仔不教美語!518 的八卦
... <看更多>