associated university press的八卦，Yahoo名人娛樂都在討論

Hong Kong Independence?
…all you need to know about recent Hong Kong in 15 minutes
▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄
↓↓Transcript (as requested)↓↓

我們之前提及香港與中國有截然不同的制度
So previously we talked about Hong Kong and China having vastly a different system
香港是一個仿民主社會，而中國即由中國共產黨統治
Hong Kong is a quasi-democratic society while China is dominated by the Chinese Communist Party
所以我們不希望人們混淆兩者
…so we don’t want people to get confused between the two
但故事還未講完
But the story doesn’t end here
明年是2017年，香港主權移交給中國的20週年
Next year 2017, it would be 20 years since Hong Kong’s turnover to China
你大概會以為這段時間香港和中國會越走越近
You would’ve thought that during this time, Hong Kong and China would’ve grown closer to one another
但事實卻非如此
But it has not been so.
香港人和中國人反而變得越來越有隔膜
If anything, we’ve grown to be more and more apart.
---
沒錯 在過去20年
Yes it is true that during the last two decades
中國從一個發展中國家 發展成現時最大經濟體系之一
China has gone from being a developing country to what is now one of the largest, if not the largest economy in the world
人民收入增加 生活質素提升 有些中國人也躋身全球富豪榜
…which means rising income for Chinese citizens, better quality of life and China has some of the richest people in the world
香港人應該為中國人身份感到自豪吧
If anything, Hong Kong people should be a proud China man!
我還記得2008北京奧運 那個開幕典禮實在是精妙絕倫
I still remember seeing the Beijing Olympics in 2008; that opening ceremony was outrageously amazing
花了很多心機 很好看
…it was beautifully done and such a joy to watch
那是香港人少有地為國家感到自豪的一刻
It was one of those rare moments where Hong Kong people share the same sense of pride as the rest of China
不過 現實歸現實
But the Olympics is one thing, and reality is another
---
事實上，自主權移交以來，香港和中國一直有許多矛盾和衝突
The truth is there have been a lot of conflicts between Hong Kong and China since the handover
香港向中國打開了大門，每天都有大量中國遊客到訪
Hong Kong has largely opened up to China where we get a huge number of Chinese tourists every day
旅客本身不應該是個問題，但我們目睹過不少中國旅客的不文明行為
並不是問題。重點在於中國遊客所製造出來的問題。
While tourism shouldn’t be a problem in itself, we have witnessed a lot of issues with these Chinese tourists
例如不懂得在迪士尼樂園排隊 和隨地小便
There had been reports of uncivilized behavior such as not knowing how to queue in Disneyland and… pissing on the street.
我必須強調 不是所有中國遊客都會這樣做 只有一部份會這樣做
And I can’t emphasize enough, not every Chinese tourists do it, it’s just some that does it
但由於香港每天都有大量的中國遊客 這成為了一個逼切的問題
…but because Hong Kong gets so many of them, that becomes a daily problem for people living in Hong Kong.
除此之外，我們可以看到名牌店和藥房的數量激增，以滿足中國遊客的需求
And it’s not just that, we see the rise in luxury shops and pharmacies in Hong Kong to tailor the need of Chinese tourists
如果你去上水（很接近中國邊境的地方）的街頭
If you go to a street in Sheung Shui, which is a place very close to the mainland border
我以前常常去的──你會看見到處都是藥房
I used to go there a lot - you see streets full of pharmacies
其實我完全不明白為何這些店舖會叫做藥房
…and I don’t even know why they are called pharmacies
因為他們主要不是售賣藥物，而是奶粉和尿片
…because mainly they don’t sell medicine, they sell baby milk formula and diapers.
事實上 大陸人不相信中國製的貨品
The thing is, mainland Chinese don’t trust their own stuff
因為在中國任何東西都有可能是假的 那裡沒有質量管制或食物安全
…because you can get fake everything in China; there’s no quality control or food safety
所以很多中國人都會來香港買日用品 如奶粉
So many Chinese come to Hong Kong to buy daily stuff and one product that has always been in high demand is baby milk formulas
香港部份地區甚至出現奶粉短缺的問題
It has got to a point where the supply became so tight that there is a shortage of milk formulas in some areas of Hong Kong
如果你住在歐洲或美國，這情況可能難以置信
If you are living in the Europe or the US, this might sound really hard to believe
嬰兒配方奶粉和尿片！但這是真的，這切切實實在香港發生
Milk formula and diapers, but it’s true, it is what’s happening in Hong Kong.
還有其他問題，例如中國孕婦來港產子等
I can go on about other stuff as well such as the number of Mainland pregnant women who come to Hong Kong
事實上，在2010年，37%新生嬰兒的父母均不是香港永久居民
In fact, in 2010, as much as 37% of all babies born in Hong Kong have neither parents being a permanent Hong Kong resident
---
基於這些中港矛盾的問題 香港出現越來越嚴重的反中情緒
Basically because of all these things, this has led to an increasingly serious anti-Chinese hype in Hong Kong
很多香港人都不歡迎中國人 只想他們離開
Many local people are furious and just want them to go away
但對我來說 問題永遠出於制度
But to me, the real problem always lies in the system
我不想將整件事歸疚於中國人身上
Conceptually, I hate to put my frustration upon the Chinese people
因為要來港購物以保障自身安全並不是他們的錯
Because it’s not their fault that they have to buy things from Hong Kong to ensure that they are safe
但制度上出了甚麼問題？
But what about the system?
關於這個制度我簡述如下
There’s a lot I can say about this system, but for now I will just simplify it as follows
在制度頂端有中國共產黨，之後有香港政府和立法會中的建制派
At the top of the system we have the Chinese Communist Party, then we have the Hong Kong government and the pro-establishment camp in our Legislative council
簡單來說，這個制度一直想將香港變成中國的一個普通城市
In short, this system has been trying to turn Hong Kong into just another city of China
並且破壞一國兩制的原則
…and damaging the core principle of “One Country, Two Systems”
---
很長時間以來，香港人一直在爭取民主
For a long time, Hong Kong people have been advocating for full democracy
即是普選，可以提名和投票給我們自己的領袖（行政長官）
That means universal suffrage with the right to nominate and elect our own leader, which in Hong Kong is called the Chief Executive
根據基本法，我們有普選的權利
According to the Basic Law, we have a legal right to universal suffrage.
在過去20年，中國政府曾多次承諾香港人會有普選
In the past 20 years, the Chinese government has assured Hong Kong several times that we are going to get universal suffrage
但他們一直拖延實施普選的日期
But they have been pushing back the date for it
又推托說香港人未準備好，所以2007年和2012年都沒有普選。
…and kept saying Hong Kong wasn’t ready, so we didn’t get it in 2007 and 2012
但北京承諾香港2017年可普選特首
But the Chinese has set a timeline for it, and they said Hong Kong would eventually get universal suffrage by 2017
結果，2014年8月31日，北京說
And guess what, on 31st August 2014, the Chinese said
好，你可以有你想要的普選，但我們需要增加幾個條件
Alright you are going to get your universal suffrage, but we are going to have to impose some conditions
首先，行政長官必需愛國
First the Chief Executive must be someone who is patriotic to China
第二，候選人需要先得到現有的行政長官選舉委員會的提名 (絕大部分都是親中代表)
Secondly candidates are going to be nominated by the current Election Committee, which consists (mostly) of 1200 pro-Beijing representatives
最後，無論誰勝出選舉，都要得到中國政府委任才可成為行政長官
Lastly, whoever wins the popular election must be appointed by the Chinese government
所以他們就是說，好，你們可以普選，但我們保留剔除任何人的權利
So basically they are saying, alright you can get your vote but we reserve the right to screen out anyone that we dislike
---
北京公布831決定後，香港人當然很憤怒
After this was announced by the Chinese officials, we were bloody furious
所以我們展開了一連串抗議行動，要求真普選
So we began a series of protests demanding for “true universal suffrage”
我們一直以來都覺得普選就是
For years we have always thought universal suffrage means just that
一個民主及公開的選舉
The right to vote in a democratic and open election
但是中共卻憑空製造了完全相反的東西
But the CCP managed to create something that is completely contrary to that
結果，大學生開始罷課
As a result, university students like myself began boycotting classes
並參與在金鐘香港政府總部外舉行的集會
…and attended gathering outside the Hong Kong government headquarters in Admiralty to protest
這演變成持續79天的佔領金鐘、銅鑼灣和旺角的運動
This has then turned into a 79-days long widespread occupy movement in streets of Admiralty, Causeway Bay and Mongkok
期間警察使用催淚彈和胡椒噴霧來驅散我們，我們即用雨傘作盾
During this time, police has used tear gas and pepper spray to try to get rid of us and we used umbrellas as shield
解釋了為什麼這叫雨傘運動或雨傘革命
That’s why this is called the Umbrella Movement or Umbrella Revolution
我個人不喜歡稱之為革命，因為革命通常與激進的改變有關
Personally I don’t like to call it a revolution, because revolution is often associated with some sort of radical change
但對於我們來說，79天佔領街頭後，仍毫無成果
But for us, after 79-days of occupying the streets, nothing has changed.
到今天為止，一切維持原狀──沒有行政長官普選
So to this day, the status quo remains – there is no universal suffrage for our Chief Executive election
---
但是為何我們這麼想要普選？
But why do we want universal suffrage so much?
你要明白，我們的制度一直都有缺陷
Well you have to understand that our governmental system has always been institutionally flawed
一般當我們提到三權分立時，有行政、立法和司法三個機關
Usually when we talk about the Separation of Powers, we have the Executive, the Legislative and the Judiciary
這三個機關本應互相制衡，沒有人能夠掌控一切的權力
They are meant to act as checks and balances of each other so no one gets too much power
因為正如英國的阿克頓男爵所言：
…because as Lord Acton famously said,
「權力導致腐敗，絕對權力導致絕對腐敗。」
“Power corrupts, and absolute power corrupts absolutely.”
我們不但行政長官是經由1200人的小圈子挑選 當中大部份為親中人士
Not only is our leader of the executive selected by a small-group of 1,200 voters – the majority of whom are pro-Beijing
我們連立法會也不能全部直選
We also don’t get to vote entirely for our Legislative Council
事實上，我們只能直選立法會的一半議員
In fact, only half of our legislators get directly elected by us
另外一半是由所謂的功能組別選出
The other half are elected through the so-called Functional Constituencies
香港一共有28個功能組別
There are 28 different functional constituencies, representing different seats in our Legislative council
原意是為了讓香港不同的界別和工種都能對政府政策有話語權
Originally this meant to provide different professions across Hong Kong to have a say in government politics
---
但這個制度本質上存在缺陷
But there’s a huge problem – this system is fundamentally flawed
最為人爭議的是，這制度容許公司和專業團體登記為選民
Most controversially, it allows companies and professional bodies to register as voters
製造了一個漏洞讓大公司同時間可持有多張選票
So this creates a loophole where big business can hold multiple votes at the same time
以飲食業為例，大公司可以登記每間分店為一個選民
Consider the catering constituency, big restaurant companies can register each of their outlets as voters
像大家樂這種大型的連鎖餐廳
So big food chain like Café De Carol
不，這不是一間法國菜餐廳，這是港式快餐店
Nope, it is not a French restaurant – it’s a fast food Chinese restaurant
這些大公司可以登記上一百張選票
Something like that can register up to a hundred votes if they like
另外，不同功能組別之間也有很大差異
Also there is a huge discrepancy between different functional constituencies
例如，在衛生服務界，有37,000個登記選民，但在保險界卻只有130個
For example, in the Health Services sector, there are 37,000 registered voters, whereas in Insurance, there are only 130 registered voters
這個差異根本不合邏輯 為甚麼有些行業會得到更廣泛的代表？
There is really no logical explanation for it – why are some industry represented more fairly while others are not
事實上，近半功能組別都是自動當選的，大部份的席位都由建制派瓜分
In fact, almost half of the functional constituencies are uncontested and most of the seats are dominated by the pro-establishment camp.
---
這有甚麼實際意義？
But what is the actual significance?
當立法會議員自行提出草案和議案時，我們有所謂的分組點票
You see, when individual legislators propose bills and motions, we have a split-voting system
意思是，在草案通過之前，
…meaning that to be able to pass the bill
需要得到地區直選和功能組別兩方面均過半數支持
It requires a majority vote in both the geographical constituency – those directly elected by us – and the functional constituency
所以就算一個草案得到總共過半數的支持
So we can have a bill that is supported by the majority of the legislators
但仍會因為在功能組別方面未過半數而流產
But fails nonetheless because it did not pass the functional constituency
理論上，只要控制了功能組別的半數就可以否決任何議員草案或議案
So in effect, you only need half of the votes within the Functional Constituency to reject all bills and motions put forward by individual legislators.
但政府提出的卻不一樣，
But the same does not apply to government bills
只需要取得過半數的支持就可以了
For government bills, you only need to get a majority from all the legislators as a whole
所以有時候會有一些政府議案原本被大部分直選議員反對
So sometimes we have bills that are opposed by the majority of those legislators directly elected by us
但基於功能界別大部份贊成而通過
…but nonetheless get through because of the functional constituency
這個制度的問題在於政府和大商家會有勾結的誘因
The major problem of this is that it creates an incentive for the Government and big business players to side with each other
一方面，有功能組別的支持，政府可以否決所有由議員提出的議案
On one hand with the help of functional constituency, the Government has an effective veto over all motions in the Legislative council
另一方面，商界自己也可以否決不符合他們商業利益的議案，如最低工資和標準工時
…while on the other hand businesses can reject motions that are contrary to their interests such as minimum wage and standard working hours
---
因此，行政機關在立法方面有很大的控制權
Because of this, the executive has a lot of control over our Legislative Council
他們很多時候也會做很多與市民意願相反的決定
And they often make decisions that are contrary to public opinions
由於選舉制度上的缺陷，我們也不能有效地向行政機關問責
And because of the fundamental flaws in our electoral systems, there is no way we could hold our executive accountable in any shape or form
你也必須明白 香港政府和和中國政府之間的關係
Conceptually you also have to understand the relationship between our executive and the Chinese government
你也許會認為，在一國兩制原則下，香港政府和中國政府是分開的
It’s easy to say, well the Hong Kong government is separate from the Chinese government because of the principle of one country two systems
我們可以實行自己的政策，這不是中國政府的問題，而是香港政府本身的問題
And we can implement our own policies so it’s not the fault of the Chinese government but of our own government
也許是吧，但我們的選舉制度確保香港行政長官是忠於北京的
That is partly true, but remember we have a system as such where our Chief Executive is guaranteed to be pro-Beijing
因此香港政府和中國政府密不可分
That’s why it has an incentive to side with the Chinese government
---
以現任行政長官梁振英為例 他自上任以來都在替北京擦鞋
For example, our current Chief Executive, CY Leung, he has been keen to please Beijing wherever possible
他重視中國的利益多於香港的利益
There are lots of policies where he appeared to have put Mainland’s interest above Hong Kong’s interest
如2012年，政府打算推行強制國民教育
For example, in 2012, the government tried to introduce mandatory National Education classes
想加強學生的國家認同感
…so that students can strengthen their national identity about China
但這被大眾反對，因為很多人都擔心這是偏向共產黨的洗腦教育
This was met with huge public protests as many fear that it would simply be a brainwashing curriculum biased towards the Chinese Communist Party
其他情況還包括否決香港電視的牌照申請，梁振英的5,000萬元賄款醜聞等等
There are also other instances such as the rejection of HKTV, CY Leung’s $50 million corrupt scandal – etc
我們極不滿意現在的政府
Basically, we are extremely unsatisfied with our current Government
制度本身容許我們的政府恣意妄為
The system itself allows for our government to potentially be arbitrary and self-serving
而我們沒有有效的方法向政府問責
And there’s no way we could hold our government accountable in any shape or forms
這就是我們想要普選的原因：我們想選擇自己的領袖
That’s why we want universal suffrage so much – so that we can choose our own leader
當然，這不會在一夕間解決所有問題，但會是一個通往更民主和平的制度的開端。
Yes it won’t solve everything but it will be a start to a more democratic and fair system
---
雨傘運動是前所未有的
The Umbrella Movement was a first of its kind
雨傘運動一開始十分和平
It started off extremely peacefully
強調非暴力、理性、愛與和平等等
With an emphasis on being non-violent, rational, love and peace and all that
但隨着時間經過，梁振英政府拒絕回應
But as it went on, the CY Leung’s government managed to remain unresponsive
過了兩個月，人們都不知道要怎麼辦
Two months into occupying the streets, people simply didn’t know what to do
而示威者和警察之間的關係則每況愈下
And the relationship between the protesters and the police got worse by days
有警察使用暴力對待示威者
There was alleged police violence
其中有七個警察將一個示威者拖到暗角施暴
Seven police officers took a protester to a dark corner and beat him up
無可避免地，雨傘運動最終演變成示威者和警察之間暴力的衝突──市民被打、被捕
Inevitably the movement turned into something more violent with protesters clashing with the police – people were beaten up and arrested.
---
自雨傘運動以來，社會處於嚴重撕裂的狀態
Since the Umbrella Movement, the society has been hugely divided
市民對警察的信任度跌至新低
Police confidence has gone to an all-time low
一方面，我們發現和平的示威遊行再沒有用
On one hand, we realize peaceful protest no longer does a damn thing,
另一方面，人們正在尋找抗衡警力的方法──亦即採取更激進的行動
…while on the other hand, people are finding ways to counter police force – essentially resorting to more radical actions
這也引致部份市民在意識形態上與傳統泛民主派分道揚鑣
It also led to an ideological separation within the pro-democracy camp
香港的傳統泛民主派視建設民主中國為己任
Traditionally pro-democracy activists in Hong Kong felt it was their duty to build a democratic China
他們其實比任何人都更愛中國
If anything they are more patriotic to China than anyone
他們是對六四天安門事件最大感觸的人
They are the people who felt most strongly about stuff like Tiananmen Square
但在過去20年，香港民主沒有寸進，也看不到中國民主化的希望
But for the last 20 years, democracy has not been advanced for Hong Kong nor does it look likely for China
所以有人開始說
That’s why new advocates are saying,
建設民主中國是不切實際的
Well there’s no real possibility of so-called building a democratic China
我們要先自救
We need to start rescuing ourselves first
因此本土和香港獨立的概念開始萌芽，因為人們對一國兩制開始失去信心
So, there emerges the idea of localism and Hong Kong independence because people are simply losing faith in the so-called One Country Two Systems.
---
這些社會不穩和躁動最終導致今年初在旺角發生的事件
All this social unrest has led to what happened earlier this year in Mongkok
那是農曆正月初一
It was the first day into Chinese Lunar New Year;
街上有小販在賣熟食
There were some street hawkers selling street food
這些小販雖是無牌經營，但他們一向都在農曆新年頭幾天擺賣，賺幾個快錢
They are unlicensed but that’s what they have always done in the first few days of Chinese New Year, just trying to make a few extra bucks
這就像香港的小傳統
It’s like a little local tradition in Hong Kong.
但今年警察突然執法，引發示威者與警察之間的衝突
But somehow this time the police decided to confront them – which has led to protesters confronting the police
突然間，小販擺賣演變成騷動，或暴亂，視乎你怎麼看
Suddenly it has turned into a huge unrest, or riot, depending which side you are on
街上有雜物起火，市民撿起磚和樽扔向警察
There were fire on the street, people picking up bricks and bottles throwing at the police
警察向天開了兩槍以鎮壓人群
Two shots were fired in the air for crowd control
這是香港二十年來都未見過的暴力
It was violence on a scale that has never been seen in Hong Kong for the last 20 years
的確 暴力的程度與本身的小販問題根本完全不相稱
In no way was the violence proportional to the whole street food and street hawker issue
但你必須明白背後的原因
But you have to be able to understand it in the light of the whole circumstances
那種自雨傘運動以來積累的憤怒和不滿
The sort of anger that has been accumulated since the Umbrella Movement
社會民怨達臨界點
Social unrest is now at its highest point
---
雨傘運動後，各種事情由壞變更壞，北京加重了對香港的控制
Things have gotten from bad to worse for Hong Kong since the Umbrella Movement. Beijing has tighten up control of Hong Kong
我們曾經享有的自由受到嚴峻挑戰
Our once enjoyed freedom has been put to some serious doubt
去年，五個在香港出售中國敏感話題的書籍的書商消失了
Five Hong Kong booksellers who sell sensitive stuff about the Chinese Communist Party went missing last year
他們沒有任何出境記錄，憑空消失了
There were no record of them going out of Hong Kong, and they just disappeared
有好一段時間，沒有人知道他們到哪裡去了，然後……
For a while no-one really knows where they went, and then…
好像魔法一樣，他們出現在中國的電視台，承認他們所謂的罪行
Like magic, there they are in Mainland China appearing on TV, confessing their guilt
其他事情還包括廉政公署（香港引以為傲的反貪污機構）大地震
Other stuff such as the ICAC, an anti-corruption body that we have always been proud of, has also been involved in some major shake-ups
更近期的有立法會選舉有六位候選人被取消資格
More recently, six candidates have been disqualified from running the Legislative Council election
他們被取消資格的原因是因為他們提倡香港獨立
They have been disqualified because they advocate for Hong Kong Independence
沒有法例授權行政機關以政治原因篩選候選人
There is nothing in the law that allows the administrative to screen out candidates running for the legislative council for political reason
這根本違反言論自由
That’s just simply grossly against freedom of speech
---
還記得四年前，港獨根本無人提及
And remember, four years ago, Hong Kong independence was not even an idea to start with
現在卻成長為一個熱議的社會話題，越來越多人支持香港獨立
Now it has turned into a whole serious social movement – more and more people are turning to Hong Kong independence
背後的原因？
And the reason behind that?
不久之前有一個網上比賽，讓人用六個字寫悲慘故事。有人寫：
A while back there was a post asking people to write sad stories in six words, and someone wrote this:
「一國，兩制，笑話。」
“One Country, Two Systems, Just kidding.”
這就是香港的現況
And that pretty much sums it up for Hong Kong.
主權移交時，曾經有人承諾我們會有
When Hong Kong got handed back over to China, we were guaranteed of all these things:
言論自由、新聞自由和法治
...the freedom of speech, the freedom of press and the rule of law
但這些都一直被破壞
But these things have been undermined hugely
北京的訊息很清晰：
The message from China is clear:
你想要高度自治嗎？
You want your high degree of autonomy and you want to feel special right?
可是你只能在我容許的限度裡享有自由
But you are only as free as we allow you to be
這些自由是我給你們的，我現在要取回你也不能作聲
We gave you that stuff so shut up if we want to take them back. Period.
但事實上中國沒有給予我們自由
But the truth is China didn’t give us freedom of speech\
我們的人權都不是中國給予的
You didn’t give us any of our fundamental rights. Period.
---
我的理解？
The way I understand it?
香港獨立是被動而不是主動的
Well Hong Kong independence is reactive rather than proactive
這是對中國收緊香港的控制所走的一步
It’s a response to the Chinese government for increasingly tightening up control of Hong Kong
我們已經對一國兩制完全失去信心
We’ve completely lost faith in One Country Two systems
所以我們要求更多自主
As a counteractive response we are demanding for more autonomy
我們想要把握自己的命運
We want to be able to grasp hold of our own fate
所以這就是香港的現狀
So this is where things are right now in Hong Kong
這是一個死結
It’s in a complete deadlock
我們只能二擇其一：接受一國一制或更激進地抗爭
We either accept for one country one system or we have to fight in a more radical manner
---
星期日是下屆立法會的選舉投票日，是雨傘運動以來的第一次選舉
On Sunday, it will be our next Legislative Council election – the first since the Umbrella Movement
天知道會發生甚麼事
God knows what’s going to happen
我希望你能去投票，好好考慮要投給誰
But I do urge you to vote, and to think about your vote
Because in a perfect world
你試想，在完美的世界裡
當立法會可以處理大多數事情的話，市民便不需要走上街頭暴力抗爭
…if things can get done in the Legislative Council, then people wouldn’t need to take to the street and to resort to any kind of violence
我們極需立法會抗衡行政機關的權力，而你的一票有莫大的幫助
We desperately need a balance of power right now – and your vote can contribute to that
我們需要議會內有更大的聲音──我們需要更多人去尋找不同的可能
We need more voice in our Legislative council – we need people to look for different possibility
呼。就是這樣。
Phew, so that’s it.
無論你來自香港或香港以外的地方
Whether you are from Hong Kong, or from outside of Hong Kong,
這段和上一段影片都對我以及很多香港人來說很重要。
This video and the last video is important to me, and to a lot of people in Hong Kong
霎時之間這可能難以消化
This is probably a lot to take in if you’re new to this, but don’t just take my words for it
但請繼續留意新聞，和其他人一起討論，做更多的資料搜集，這些東西都可在網上找到
Keep reading the news; keep talking to people about it; go research about this, it’s all over the internet
最後，謝謝收看
And lastly, thanks for watching.
天祐香港

【南極洲巨型冰山斷裂，冰雪大陸形狀永久改變】

南極一塊巨型冰棚從南極分裂，冰棚重達1兆噸，面積高達5800平方公里，面積大小相當於接近74個香港島。儘管冰塊分裂不會帶來即時災難，但長遠將令海平面上升，為全球暖化帶來嚴重警號。

名為拉森C的冰架在幾年的時間裡已經逐漸現出一條長達120英里（約合193公里）的大裂縫，一直在監測這條裂縫的科學家週三證實，巨大的冰山終於從冰架斷裂出來。

全球暖化是否是這次斷裂的罪魁禍首，目前科學上尚無共識。但來自英國斯旺西大學(Swansea University)和阿伯斯威斯特大學(Aberystwyth University)的邁達斯計劃(Project Midas)研究小組說，南極半島的形狀已經徹底改變，該小組自2014年起，一直在監測這條裂縫。

「剩下的冰架將處於有記錄以來的已知最小規模，」邁達斯計劃的首席研究員艾德里安•拉克曼(Adrian Luckman)說。「這是一個極大的變化。需要重新繪製地圖。」

與此前崩解的兩個較小冰架一樣，拉森C冰架幾乎沒有阻擋多少陸上冰，所以其崩解預計不會對海平面的上升產生多大影響。但在南極的其他地區，類似的冰架正阻擋著大量的冰川，科學家們擔心，這些冰架的未來崩解可能會將足夠多的冰傾入海洋，從而導致海平面上升1米以上。這種情況可能多麼快地發生目前尚不清楚。

20世紀末，從南極主體向南美洲方向伸出的南極半島是世界上溫度增長最快的地區之一。雖然這種變暖已經在21世紀放緩或可能略有逆轉，但科學家認為，冰的溫度尚未達到半島地區的更高溫度。

一些氣候科學家認為，該地區的變暖至少部分是人為氣候變化的結果，但也有一些氣候科學家對這種觀點持異議，認為自然的多變性在其中起著更大的作用，他們指出，冰山從冰架上脫離的事情在數百萬年間時有發生。但是，這兩個陣營的人都一致認為，半島地區冰架的斷裂，可能預示了等待著南極主體的未來，因為地球由於人類活動在不斷升溫。

在美國宇航局領導極地研究項目的托馬斯•P•瓦格納(Thomas P. Wagner)說：「雖然這可能不是全球暖化造成的，但它至少為研究其他冰架將如何崩解提供了一個自然實驗室，有助於改進我們預測未來海平面上升的理論基礎。」

在寒冷地區，名為冰川的長冰河從陸地流入海洋形成了冰架。其結果有點像排水管發生了堵塞，減慢了供給冰架的冰川的流速。當冰架出現崩解時，其後面的冰川的滑動可能會加速，就好像排水管突然暢通了。

拉森C冰架剩餘部分的邊緣現在與科學家稱之為「褶皺弧」的界線更接近了，褶皺弧對結構穩定性至關重要。如果冰川的前沿退到了這條線的後邊，那麼冰架的最北部分可能會在幾個月內崩解。

「到那時，冰川會有所反應，」加州大學爾灣分校的氣候科學家埃里克•裡格諾特(Eric Rignot)說，他對極地冰做過廣泛的研究。「如果冰架破碎，它將消除對流入其中的冰川的支撐。冰川流動的阻力會變得更小，等於是把擋在它前面的塞子拿掉了。」

科學家們也擔心將會失去兩個關鍵的固定點。

裡格諾特說，隨著冰架的前部變薄，整個冰架的穩定性受到威脅。

「拉森C冰架這邊有這兩個固定點，它們對把冰架保持在現有位置上起著關鍵作用，」他說。「如果冰架變得越來越薄，就更容易斷裂，並會失去與冰隆的接觸。」

冰隆是冰架覆蓋下的島嶼，它們能承擔更多的冰架重量。科學家尚未確定鮑登冰隆和吉普斯冰隆周圍的變薄程度，但裡格諾特指出，鮑登冰隆已經更加脆弱。

「我們就連目前那裡的什麼東西在支撐著冰架都不確定，」他說。「但如果沒有鮑登的話，整個冰架都會感覺到。」

南極半島可能是煤礦裡的金絲雀。

南極半島冰架的崩解可以被解釋為俄亥俄州立大學著名地質學家約翰•H•默瑟(John H. Mercer)1978年所做預言的兌現。默瑟在一篇經典論文中警告說，南極西部對人類造成的氣候變暖如此之脆弱，以至於該地區構成對海平面上升所致「災難的威脅」。

他說，當冰架開始沿著半島崩解、而且崩解逐步向南擴展時，人類將會知道災難已經到來。

拉森A冰架已從1995年開始在幾年的時間裡崩解了。拉森B冰架在2002年發生了突然的崩潰。現在，科學家們擔心，巨大冰山的脫落可能是拉森C冰架崩解的第一個階段。

裡格諾特說，「隨著氣候變暖進一步向南發展，受其影響的冰架將越來越大，擋在這些冰架後面的冰川也越來越大，因此，這些冰架的崩解將對海平面的上升有更大的影響。」

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

週三，一座幾乎和汶萊一樣大的冰山脫離了南極半島。

你知道那看起來是什麼樣的，對嗎？如果我們說它的面積有兩個薩摩亞群島那麼大，是不是更容易想像？要是說有岡比亞的一半、拉脫維亞的的十分之一、博茨瓦納的一百分之一呢？

正在報導這項重大科學進展的新聞機構——這是史上記錄到的最大的冰山之一，將會大大改變南極地區的景觀——只能期待受眾有足夠多的地理知識，來理解這條新聞的分量。

包括《紐約時報》在內的幾家美國新聞機構將這座面積達2240平方英里（約合5801平方公里）的冰山，與面積1954平方英里（約合5060平方公里）的特拉華州作比。

《赫芬頓郵報》(The Huffington Post)也拿它與特拉華州作比，但同時也提出了另一個參照對象：印度尼西亞的巴厘島。

《倫敦旗幟晚報》(The London Evening Standard)表示，這座冰山有四個倫敦那麼大，也可以說「大約相當於15個懷特島、兩個盧森堡，或四分之一個威爾斯」。

CNN先是說它有「卡達的一半那麼大」，之後又補充道，它的面積是「倫敦的四倍，或者說比七個紐約還要大」。

美聯社(The Associated Press)採用了和研究人員一樣的描述：容積大約相當於伊利湖的兩倍。

Mashable網站表示，它可以填滿4.62億個奧運會標準游泳池。

所以，但願這個問題現在講清楚了。

新聞來源：NYT
畫面來源：RTV

#戒手搖飲又多了一個理由
　　
　　
#注意力缺陷過動症（ADHD）的孩子易衝動、不專心，而這可能與 #飲食型態 有關。

本院生物醫學科學研究所特聘研究員潘文涵表示，在臺灣，每100個孩子約有五到七人罹患過動症，這個疾病致病原因複雜，過去被認為與遺傳、腦傷、神經傳導物質分泌異常、母親懷孕期間喝酒用藥、家庭因素等都有關連。
　　
🔴過動症跟貧血、過敏、血清素不足有關

研究團隊與臺灣大學、長庚大學、臺北醫學大學團隊合作，從大臺北地區31所小學中招募216名ADHD病童，以及年齡、身高體重等條件相似的216名非病童，進行病例對照研究：檢視他們的過敏現象、飲食型態與血液檢驗值的差異，並估算危險因子與疾病風險。

結果發現過動症4個臨床風險因子，包括貧血、血清素偏低、過敏指標之嗜酸性粒細胞與免疫球蛋白較高。這些因子生化異常愈多，過動症風險愈高。具有愈多過敏症狀(鼻炎、濕疹、氣喘)者，與過動症的共病風險也提高。
　　
🔴過動兒營養食物攝取不足

研究團隊進一步分析過動孩子與其他孩子的飲食型態發現，過動孩子吃的食物較不營養，大多是高油、高糖食物，像是含糖飲料、甜食、點心麵等。🙅‍♂🙅‍♀

✏這份研究更首度發現，常用於含糖飲料、加工食品的 #無機磷酸鹽，與過動症的發生有關。

#是不是該戒手搖飲了 #此時不戒更待何時
　　
🔴ADHD的孩子應該怎麼吃？🥦🍎🥛🍠🍋

潘文涵建議過動兒的父母，讓孩子多食用抗發炎且營養素豐富的飲食，如：蔬菜、水果、全榖類、核果、優質蛋白質食物，避免燒烤、油炸食物、甜食等，有助於過敏甚或ADHD的控制。同時也瞭解孩子是否具有過敏體質及貧血問題，重視這些共病並尋求醫學處置。

新聞稿全文：
https://www.sinica.edu.tw/ch/news/6316
　　
------
　　
✏論文發表：去(107)年7月刊登於《科學報告》(Scientific Reports)以及今(108)年5月刊登於《臨床醫學雜誌》(Journal of Clinical Medicine)。

👍研究團隊：本院生醫所潘文涵特聘研究員和葉文婷、中華醫事科技大學符明伶副教授、長庚大學徐榮隆教授和王亮人教授、臺北醫學大學黃士懿教授和楊惠婷副教授、臺灣大學江伯倫教授、陳為堅教授、和楊曜旭教授。

✅論文全文 :
(1) Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder is associated with allergic symptoms and low levels of hemoglobin and serotonin
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6035203/

(2) Dietary Profiles, Nutritional Biochemistry Status, and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Path Analysis for a Case-Control Study
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6577382/

------
　　
This study is one of very few to examine the relationship between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and allergies, in combination with indicators of inflammation and immune responses, and to explore the potential inter-relationships among diet, nutritional biochemistry, and ADHD.

ADHD appears to be becoming more prevalent in children and it can have substantial impacts on children and their families. The work of Dr Wen-Harn Pan and colleague at Academia Sinica, National Taiwan University, Chang-Kung Medical Center, and Chung Hua University of Medical Technology explored comorbidities, biomarkers, and dietary and nutritional biochemistry profiles associated with ADHD with the ultimate aim to understand its complex etiology and improve diagnosis, prevention and management.
　　
📍Press Release：https://www.sinica.edu.tw/en/news/6316
　　
------
　　
媒體報導：
【自由時報】過敏、貧血、血清素偏低 罹過動症機率高6～7倍
https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/life/paper/1310388

【中國時報】喝糖飲吃零食 學童易患過動
https://www.chinatimes.com/realtimen…/20190813001972-260405…

【公共電視】中研院：過敏貧血和飲食不當恐增過動症風險
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FdxUqzmEH_U

Allen Iverson dunking is another example of a little guy that can sky. At 6 feet tall, he is taller than Spud Webb and Nate Robinson but is still considered a little guy in basketball.

He is considered a prolific scorer more than a show stopping dunker. He dunked more in college, Georgetown University, and early in his professional career with the Philadelphia 76ers. The Iverson Career Dunk Montage is an incredible display of athleticism...

He dunked more in the open floor with no defense but still managed to take defenders one-on-one and slammed over them. He has his share of dunking over forwards, Marcus Camby, Detlef Shrempf and Rony Seikaly.

Maybe not one the most exciting dunkers, he is one of the most incredible ballhandlers. He has an arsenal of moves that boarder on insanity and illusion. He elevated the killer crossover to another level. Breaking defenders ankles and driving right past them.

He not only displayed an awesome killer crossover he had all the other moves, between the legs, around the back and killer crossover counter. He will set up the defender and perform a crossover dribble, if the defender moves with him he simply crosses back behind him and leaves the defender in his tracks. Allen Iverson is the best one-on-one ballhandler.

Many great players such as Kobe, Dwade, MJ, and Lebron power their man to the hole but no one can juke them like Iverson. His quickness and phenomenal ballhandling make him special. He can dribble a football, tennis ball, volleyball and anything that has air.

The lightening quick moves leave defenders wondering where the ball went. He has it all the Shake-n-bake, dispsy doo, skip to my Lou, inny out, swivel and the x-plosion dribble. Besides Allen Iverson dunking being all over the Internet so are his moves and other websites. Punch his name into a browser search bar and three million links are found. Anything about Allen Iverson can be found.

There are about 20,000 videos of Allen Iverson on Youtube. Videos of dunk, passing, dribbling, dancing, crying, laughing, press conferences, late show guest appearances and many others. The search can be narrowed for specific dates, specific games or specific moves.

His 48 points in game 1 of the NBA finals, his top ten plays, playing high school football, his killer crossover on Antonio Daniels, Dunking on 7 footers, his celebrity games and everything else. The website iverson.ca.nstempintl.com, "Allen Iverson: The 3rd Degree", may challenge his other fan site but it is not as clean and disorganized. It mimics the same content and the link AI's game is very good. It breaks down some of his moves and has an associated video attached.

Researching Allen Iverson on the web paints a picture of an enigma. A basketball great with numerous scrapes with the law, including assault and gun possession, complete insubordination with the NBA, characterized as a street thug that plays basketball and vilified by the press. He is blamed for starting the "Street" and "Hip Hop" influence in the NBA. How will Allen Iverson be remembered, that is up to each individual.

pennyccwai

Check out Allen Iverson’s milestones throughout his career from his first points in Philadelphia to his last point at Chicago Bulls.

24368 career points

NBA

Allen Ezail Iverson (born June 7, 1975) is an American retired professional basketball player who played for four different teams (Philadelphia 76ers, Denver Nuggets, Memphis Grizzlies, Detroit Pistons) during 14 seasons in the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played both the point guard and shooting guard positions. Iverson was an eleven-time NBA All-Star and won the All-Star MVP award in 2001 and 2005.

Iverson attended Bethel High School in Hampton, Virginia and was a dual-sport athlete. He earned the Associated Press High School Player of the Year award in both football and basketball, and won the Division AAA Virginia state championship in both sports. After high school, Iverson attended Georgetown University for two years, where he set the school record for career scoring average (22.9 points per game) and won Big East Defensive Player of the Year awards both years.

Following two successful years at Georgetown, Iverson declared eligibility for the 1996 NBA Draft, and was selected by the Philadelphia 76ers with the number one pick. He was named the NBA Rookie of the Year in the 1996–97 season. Winning the NBA scoring title during the 1998–99, 2000–01, 2001–02 and 2004–05 seasons, Iverson was one of the most prolific scorers in NBA history, despite his small stature (listed at 6 feet, 0 inches). His regular season career scoring average of 26.7 points per game ranks sixth all-time, and his playoff career scoring average of 29.7 points per game is second only to Michael Jordan. Iverson was also the NBA Most Valuable Player of the 2000–01 season and led his team to the 2001 NBA Finals the same season. Iverson represented the United States at the 2004 Summer Olympics, winning the bronze medal. He also played for the Denver Nuggets, Detroit Pistons and the Memphis Grizzlies, before ending his NBA career with the 76ers during the 2009–10 season.

He was rated the fifth-greatest NBA shooting guard of all time by ESPN in 2008. Iverson officially announced his retirement from professional basketball on October 30, 2013.

Georgetown Coach John Thompson, whose team had just lost its first game of the season, was smiling. Georgetown point guard Allen Iverson, who had just scored a career-high 40 points, was not.

Those exemplified the Hoyas' mixed reaction to their 91-81 loss to No. 19 Arizona Friday night in the Preseason NIT championship. If the fifth-ranked Hoyas (3-1) thought they would achieve greatness in November, they were wrong. With no teams in the current Associated Press top 25 on the schedule until January, the Hoyas will have something to keep them humble during the next month.

"I feel like the guy in the shaving commercial: Thanks, I needed that,' " Thompson said, giving himself a slap in the face. "That's the way I feel about this game: Thanks, I needed that."

If Thompson wanted an excuse to "fuss" at his team, he got it. He says he only gets on players when they have talent and don't use it, and that was the case with several players Friday. Center Othella Harrington had four points and no rebounds in 16 foul-plagued minutes. Jerome Williams had nine rebounds, but only seven points, and Victor Page, Georgetown's leading scorer entering the game, had six points.

There's not much Thompson can say to Iverson, other than "get well soon." Iverson got knocked all over the court and picked up a bruised right elbow to go with the jammed left thumb he received Wednesday night -- in addition to the eight stitches over his left eye he received last week. He also kept the Hoyas in the game almost single-handedly, which earned him the tournament most valuable player award.

"I'd rather have the victory than the MVP," Iverson said. "We're just going to go back to practice and listen to Coach Thompson and the rest of the coaching staff and I think we'll be all right."

When the Hoyas return to practice for Wednesday's home game against Southern University, they will likely go back to basics: defense. Arizona shot 60 percent against a Georgetown team that had held opponents to 39 percent shooting in the first half. Arizona's intelligent offense kept working the ball inside, and fired only nine three-pointers.

"We weren't helping each other out on defense," Iverson said. "We weren't talking like we usually do."

Iverson did plenty of talking during the game, however.

"He was pumping up his teammates, telling them they could come back and {saying}, I've seen it happen before with these guys,' " said Arizona guard Miles Simon, who scored 17 points. "But this is a different team."

The Wildcats (4-0) came to New York seeking respect. Even though they have the nation's best winning percentage since 1988 (.830), they are notorious for their first-round NCAA exits: three in the past four years. Last season's loss to Miami of Ohio in the opening round quickly made people forget Arizona's trip to the Final Four in 1994.

The Wildcats took it as an insult when they weren't included in the preseason AP rankings after owning a spot in 141 straight polls. They also played their second game at Arkansas, while all of the other Preseason NIT semifinalists got to play two games at home. Arizona entered at No. 19 after beating the Razorbacks and will climb even higher following its victories over Georgetown and No. 16 Michigan in New York.