sociologist的八卦，Yahoo名人娛樂都在討論

🇩🇰 這是一篇深度報導，來自歐洲現存最古老的報紙：丹麥Weekendavisen，題目是從香港抗爭運動、香港聯繫加泰羅尼亞的集會，前瞻全球大城市的「永久革命」。一篇報導訪問了世界各地大量學者，我也在其中，雖然只是每人一句，加在一起，卻有了很完整的圖像。

以下為英譯：

Protest! The demonstrations in Hong Kong were just the beginning. Now there are unrest in big cities from Baghdad to Barcelona. Perhaps the stage is set for something that could look like a permanent revolution in the world's big cities.

A world on the barricades

At the end of October, an hour after dark, a group of young protesters gathered at the Chater Garden Park in Hong Kong. Some of them wore large red and yellow flags. The talk began and the applause filled the warm evening air. There were slogans of independence, and demands of self-determination - from Spain. For the protest was in sympathy with the Catalan independence movement.

At the same time, a group of Catalan protesters staged a protest in front of the Chinese Consulate in Barcelona in favor of Hong Kong's hope for more democracy. The message was not to be mistaken: We are in the same boat. Or, as Joshua Wong, one of the leading members of the Hong Kong protest movement, told the Catalan news agency: "The people of Hong Kong and Catalonia both deserve the right to decide their own destiny."

For much of 2019, Hong Kong's streets have been ravaged by fierce protests and a growing desperation on both sides, with escalating violence and vandalism ensuing. But what, do observers ask, if Hong Kong is not just a Chinese crisis, but a warning of anger that is about to break out globally?

Each week brings new turmoil from an unexpected edge. In recent days, attention has focused on Chile. Here, more than 20 people have lost their lives in unrest, which has mainly been about unequal distribution of economic goods. Before then, the unrest has hit places as diverse as Lebanon and the Czech Republic, Bolivia and Algeria, Russia and Sudan.

With such a geographical spread, it is difficult to bring the protests to any sort of common denominator, but they all reflect a form of powerlessness so acute that traditional ways of speaking do not seem adequate.

Hardy Merriman, head of research at the International Center for Nonviolent Conflict in Washington, is not in doubt that it is a real wave of protest and that we have not seen the ending yet.

"I have been researching non-violent resistance for 17 years, and to me it is obvious that there are far more popular protest movements now than before. Often the protests have roots in the way political systems work. Elsewhere, it is about welfare and economic inequality or both. The two sets of factors are often related, ”he says.

Economic powerlessness

Hong Kong is a good example of this. The desire among the majority of Hong Kong's seven million residents to maintain an independent political identity vis-à-vis the People's Republic of China is well known, but the resentment of the streets is also fueled by a sense of economic powerlessness. Hong Kong is one of the most unequal communities in the world, and especially the uneven access to the real estate market is causing a stir.

According to Lee Chun-wing, a sociologist at Hong Kong Polytechnic University, the turmoil in the city is not just facing Beijing, but also expressing a daunting showdown with the neoliberal economy, which should diminish the state's role and give the market more influence, but in its real form often ends with the brutal arbitrariness of jungle law.

'The many protests show that neoliberalism is unable to instill hope in many. And as one of the world's most neoliberal cities, Hong Kong is no exception. While the protests here are, of course, primarily political, there is no doubt that social polarization and economic inequality make many young people not afraid to participate in more radical protests and do not care whether they are accused of damage economic growth, 'he says.

The turmoil is now so extensive that it can no longer be dismissed as a coincidence. Something special and significant is happening. As UN Secretary General António Guterres put it last week, it would be wrong to stare blindly at the superficial differences between the factors that get people on the streets.
“There are also common features that are recurring across the continents and should force us to reflect and respond. It is clear that there is growing distrust between the people and the political elites and growing threats to the social contract. The world is struggling with the negative consequences of globalization and the new technologies that have led to growing inequality in individual societies, "he told reporters in New York.

Triggered by trifles

In many cases, the riots have been triggered by questions that may appear almost trivial on the surface. In Chile, there was an increase in the price of the capital's subway equivalent to 30 Danish cents, while in Lebanon there were reports of a tax on certain services on the Internet. In both places, it was just the reason why the people have been able to express a far more fundamental dissatisfaction.

In a broad sense, there are two situations where a population is rebelling, says Paul Almeida, who teaches sociology at the University of California, Merced. The first is when more opportunities suddenly open up and conditions get better. People are getting hungry for more and trying to pressure their politicians to give even more concessions.

“But then there is also the mobilization that takes place when people get worse. That seems to be the overall theme of the current protests, even in Hong Kong. People are concerned about various kinds of threats they face. It may be the threat of inferior economic conditions, or it may be a more political threat of erosion of rights. But the question is why it is happening right now. That's the 10,000-kroner issue, ”says Almeida.

Almeida, who has just published the book Social Movements: The Structure of Social Mobilization, even gives a possible answer. A growing authoritarian, anti-democratic flow has spread across the continents and united rulers in all countries, and among others it is the one that has now triggered a reaction in the peoples.

“There is a tendency for more use of force by the state power. If we look at the death toll in Latin America, they are high considering that the countries are democracies. This kind of violence is not usually expected in democratic regimes in connection with protests. It is an interesting trend and may be related to the authoritarian flow that is underway worldwide. It's worth watching, 'he says.

The authoritarian wave

Politologists Anna Lürhmann and Staffan Lindberg from the University of Gothenburg describe in a paper published earlier this year a "third autocratic wave." Unlike previous waves, for example, in the years before World War II, when democracy was beaten under great external drama , the new wave is characterized by creeping. It happens little by little - in countries like Turkey, Nicaragua, Venezuela, Hungary and Russia - at such a slow pace that you barely notice it.

Even old-fashioned autocrats nowadays understand the language of democracy - the only acceptable lingua franca in politics - and so the popular reaction does not happen very often when it becomes clear at once that the electoral process itself is not sufficient to secure democratic conditions. Against this backdrop, Kenneth Chan, a politician at Hong Kong Baptist University, sees the recent worldwide wave of unrest as an expression of the legitimacy crisis of the democratic regimes.

“People have become more likely to take the initiative and take part in direct actions because they feel that they have not made the changes they had hoped for through the elections. In fact, the leaders elected by the peoples are perceived as undermining the institutional guarantees of citizens' security, freedom, welfare and rights. As a result, over the past decade, we have seen more democracies reduced to semi-democracies, hybrid regimes and authoritarian regimes, ”he says.

"Therefore, we should also not be surprised by the new wave of resistance from the people. On the surface, the spark may be a relatively innocent or inconsiderate decision by the leadership, but people's anger quickly turns to what they see as the cause of the democratic deroute, that is, an arrogant and selfish leadership, a weakened democratic control, a dysfunctional civil society. who are no longer able to speak on behalf of the people. ”The world is changing. Anthony Ince, a cardiff at Cardiff University who has researched urban urban unrest, sees the uprisings as the culmination of long-term nagging discontent and an almost revolutionary situation where new can arise.

"The wider context is that the dominant world order - the global neoliberalism that has dominated since the 1980s - is under pressure from a number of sides, creating both uncertainty and at the same time the possibility of change. People may feel that we are in a period of uncertainty, confusion, anxiety, but perhaps also hope, ”he says.
Learning from each other.

Apart from mutual assurances of solidarity the protest movements in between, there does not appear to be any kind of coordination. But it may not be necessary either. In a time of social media, learning from each other's practices is easy, says Simon Shen, a University of Hong Kong political scientist.

“They learn from each other at the tactical level. Protesters in Hong Kong have seen what happened in Ukraine through YouTube, and now protesters in Catalonia and Lebanon are taking lessons from Hong Kong. It's reminiscent of 1968, when baby boomers around the globe were inspired by an alternative ideology to break down rigid hierarchies, 'he says.
But just as the protest movements can learn from each other, the same goes for their opponents. According to Harvard political scientist Erica Chenoweth, Russia has been particularly active in trying to establish cooperation with other authoritarian regimes, which feel threatened by riots in the style of the "color revolutions" on the periphery of the old Soviet empire at the turn of the century.

"It has resulted in joint efforts between Russian, Chinese, Iranian, Venezuelan, Belarusian, Syrian and other national authorities to develop, systematize and report on techniques and practices that have proved useful in trying to contain such threats," writes Chenoweth in an article in the journal Global Responsibility to Protect.

Max Fisher and Amanda Taub, commentators at the New York Times, point to the social media as a double-edged sword. Not only are Twitter and Facebook powerful weapons in the hands of tech-savvy autocrats. They are also of questionable value to the protesting grass roots. With WhatsApp and other new technologies, it is possible to mobilize large numbers of interested and almost-interested participants in collective action. But they quickly fall apart again.

The volatile affiliation is one of the reasons why, according to a recent survey, politically motivated protests today only succeed in reaching their targets in 30 percent of cases. A generation ago, the success rate was 70 percent. Therefore, unrest often recurs every few years, and they last longer, as Hong Kong is an example of. Perhaps the scene is set for something that might resemble a permanent revolution in the world's big cities - a kind of background noise that other residents will eventually just get used to.

"Since there is still no obvious alternative to neoliberalism, the polarization that led to the protests initially will probably continue to apply," says Lee of Hong Kong Polytechnic University. "At the same time, this means that the anger and frustration will continue to rumble in society."

【各種職業的表達，裡邊有你的職業嗎？】
1. Social worker 社工
2. Counselor 輔導師
3. Teacher 老師
4. Priest 牧師
5.Judge 法官 <----洋基
6.Lawyer 律師
7.Police 警察
8.Sociologist 社會學家
9.Psychotherapist 心理治療家
10.Soldier 軍人
12.Writer 作家
13.Journalist 記者
14.Novelist 小說家
15.Photographer 攝影師
16.Doctor 醫生
17.Nurse 護士
18.Pharmacist 藥劑師
19.Nutritionist 營養師
20.Veterinary 獸醫
21.Ecologist 生態學家
22.Meteorologist 氣象學家
23. Biologist 生物學家
24.Geologist 地質學家

Saya tengok sejak dua menjak ini ada Atheis (orang tidak percaya kepada Tuhan) datang perli saya di ruang komen.

Saya nasihatkan kepada pembaca beragama islam, jangan sindir sangat mereka, doakan hidayat, sebab seorang tidak bertuhan sanggup datang ke Page ketuhanan dan tak jemu ceritakan kelebihan Tidak bertuhan adalah seorang yang sangat kesepian.

Kesipian boleh datangkan kemurungan, dan boleh membawa kepada bunuh diri.

Saya Google kejap tadi dan mendapati, banyak kajian menunjukan golongan Athies lebih ramai membunuh diri berbanding orang agama.

Copy paste: In a global study on atheism, sociologist Phil Zuckerman noted countries with higher levels of atheism had the highest suicide rates. (wiki)

Lepas tu saya terbaca artikel ini, ditulis oleh Staks Rosch seorang vocal atheist, and Jedi.

Tulisan itu sangat membantu orang Atheis yang kemurungan, maka saya translate dan copy paste di sini, semoga membantu:

Tajuk: ATHEISM HAS A SUICIDE PROBLEM, oleh Staks Rosch seorang Vocal Atheist.

Kemurungan adalah masalah yang serius dalam komuniti orang yang tidak bertuhan dan sering membawa kepada bunuh diri.
Ramai Atheis tidak suka perkara ini termasuk saya sebab kita ingin percaya kita manusia Bahagia tanpa Tuhan tapi bila sesuatu yang buruk berlaku, kita sangat tidak Bahagia.

Sudah tentu ada banyak sebab mengapa ateis lebih cenderung kepada membunuh diri berbanding daripada golongan penganut agama. Tapi ironinya, salah satu sebab ateis membunuh diri adalah tekanan dari orang Bergama itu sendiri, mereka selalu menyisihkan kita, menghina, mengutuk, mengkeji hingga ramai Ateis yang mengalami kegelisahan dan kemurungan.

Bayangkan seorang anak muda yang baru menyedari bahawa Tuhan itu tidak wujud? Baru sedar amalan kelurga semuanya sia sia, maka anak muda itu tidak dapat menjawab soalan, dari mana saya datang, kemana saya selepas mati? Dan apa tujuan hidup?

Dalam kemurungan mencari jawapan yang tidak ada, masalah ditambah bila anak mud aitu dipulaukan oleh orang agama, dihina dan dikutuk, maka anak muda itu terpaksa teruskan perjuangan tanpa tujuan secara bersendirian dan akan cenderung bunuh diri.

Saya pernah menulis mengenai masalah bunuh diri di kalangan ateisme sebelum ini dan mendapat pelbagai respons. Beberapa ateis mempersoalkan sama ada statistik itu benar-benar wujud? Sebagai rekod, memang begitu. Malahan saya dapat memberitahu anda secara anekdot, bahawa ia berlaku.

Pengalaman saya sendiri, memang ada rakan-rakan ateis yang saya kenal telah bunuh diri, malahan sejak saya pegang jawatan ‘vocal atheist’ saya kini lebih tahu begitu banyak lagi ateis yang telah membunuh diri sendiri.

Jadi kita kena berusaha menurunkan angka bunuh diri tersebut sebab Kehidupan ini adalah satu-satunya harta yang kita ada.

Ada orang Kristian yang menjawab secara peribadi dan terbuka akan artikel saya sebelum ini lalu berkata:, “Lihat, ateisme menyebabkan bunuh diri,”

Ada juga yang berkata:
“Atheis mempunyai kadar bunuh diri yang lebih tinggi kerana mereka tahu bahawa hidup mereka tidak ada artinya tanpa Tuhan, tetapi terlalu sombong untuk meminta pengampunan kepadaNya walaupun mereka tahu di dalam diri mereka adalah bersalah, tapi mereka tetap memilih untuk mati selamanya dengan dosa kesombongan mereka. "

Ya, itu adalah komen dari penganut agama Kristian. Malah ada yang menulis buku bertajuk:

"Kelebihan Katolik: Mengapa Kesihatan, Kebahagiaan, dan Syurga Menunggu Orang Yang Beriman,"

Baiklah, saya akui, atheis seperti minoriti lain yang bila stress boleh terdedah kepada kemurungan dan bahkan bunuh diri tapi korang semua kena ingat sebahagian besarnya bunuh diri ini disebabkan oleh tekanan geng agama!

Saya mengakui bahawa ‘kejahilan’ sebenarnya adalah salah satu kebahagian atau kepercayaan kepada kehidupan selepas mati dan kepercayaan pada syurga juga adalah kebahagian, tapi bagi saya kebahagian sejati bila kita mampu bahagiakan diri sendiri dan mampu bahagiakan orang lain tanpa perlu kepada tahyul, itu Bahagia tertinggi! Lebih tinggi dari Jesus sebab kita memahami tentang alam semesta yang luas seluasnya!

Sebagai sebuah komuniti, ateis harus saling mengingatkan tentang keajaiban alam di sekeliling kita. Alam ini terlalu besar dan kita mudah tersesat dalam perjuangan serta masalah kita sehari-hari.

Memetik kata kata Ferris Bueller, kehidupan ini bergerak sangat pantas dan jika kita tidak berhenti dan menoleh sekali-sekala, maka kita akan ketinggalan sedangkan kita hanya mempunyai satu kehidupan. Sungguh tidak ada Tuhan yang ajaib dan Maha sempurna menanti kita selepas kita mati. Ini sahaja pilihan kita ada, nikmati hidup sebab Hidup terlalu singkat untuk disia-siakan.
Sekiranya hidup anda menyedihkan, tolong berusaha untuk menjadikannya lebih baik, jika tidak untuk anda, buatlah untuk orang yang menyayangi anda. Ingatlah, ada banyak Galaxie di luar sana dan kita semua adalah pelengkap dalam rantaian kemajuan manusia.

Satu perkara yang saya perasan adalah: Selepas seorang ateis membunuh diri, tiba-tiba nampak macam banyak yang nak bantu, tapi dah terlewat,padahal kalaulah bantuan itu dibuat sebelum mereka bunuh diri tentu lebih baik.

Dalam bab ini golongan agama lebih baik, mereka saling bantu membantu, mereka ada system yang sangat baik, sepatutnya kita golongan ateis juga boleh memiliki system sokongan tanpa perlu percaya kepada Tuhan.

Tapi masalahnya golongan Atheis terkenal sebagai orang yang suka membantah dan tidak suka berjemaah, Cuba korang kumpulkan tiga atheis di sebuah bilik bersama, kejap lagi mereka akan bergaduh dengan masalah kecik tak masuk akal, adohai.

Jadi terbukti, hidup berjemaah membantu orang Bergama selesaikan kemurungan, maka kita golongan athies patut lebih mudah berjemaah, bergabung tanpa perlu bersetuju dengan semua isu, kita hanya perlu sokongan moral sesama atheis kerana kita tiada Tuhan ajaib yang akan menolong kita.

Dengan system berjemaah ini,. Kita bukan sahaja mampu untuk saling membantu, tetapi kita juga mampu untuk menyampaikan gerak perjuangan kita antara satu sama lain dan mampu meminta sokongan. Sungguh tidak ada Tuhan ajab yang akan bantu kita untuk keluarkan kita dari neraka ini.

Eh? Adakah saya sebut Neraka? Itu tak wujudpun, maafkan saya yang tersesat dalam berkata kata, Walau bagaimanapun, maksud saya adalah kita jangan sombong untuk menawarkan pertolongan kepada orang lain dan kita jangan malu untuk meminta pertolongan.

Jadi sesiapa yang ada masalah nak bunuh diri, sila hubungi nombor ini:

(Rujuk artikel asal dalam link, maaf jika translate saya tidak tepat, BI masa SPM dulu tak kredit, saya cuba ringkaskan sebab agak Panjang, nak baca kill link ini: https://www.huffpost.com/entry/atheism-has-a-suicide-problem_b_5a2a902ee4b022ec613b812b )

Ulasan saya:

Seronok bila tahu Atheis kagumi alam yang luas ini, Tahu tak? Ada teori mengatakan, saiz planet Mustari yang besar adalah untuk melindungi bumi dari meteor sesat kerana gravitinya yang kuat menyebabkan tahi bintang raksasa itu jatuh ke planet lain.

Namun, andai kata, jika tahi bintang itu terlepas planet Mustari, ada lagi Sembilan planet lain yang menjadi perisai bumi, dan andai kata ada komet yang terlepas, bulan juga ada gravity yang mengelilingi bumi setiap bulan untuk menhadang hentaman tahi bintang, tak percaya cuba teropong bulan, penuh dengan kawah hasil hentaman tahi bintang, dan bulan juga bertindak sebagai pasang surut air laut agar nelayan mudah buat kerja, dan andai komet besar masih berjaya lepas dari gravity bulan sebab arah paksi yang berbeza, tiba tiba tahi bintang itu akan terbakar dan jadi batu kecil bila berlanggar dengan atmpsohera, kenapa bumi masih selamat?, kenapa blue planet ini so-so SO protection?

Macam ada satu kuasa yang mengawalnya, kan?

Balik ke bumi, Bila tak ada air, tiba tiba hujan, bila lapar nak makan, ada tumbuh tanaman, nelayan dilaut tangkap ikan yang duduk secara berkumpulan, jadi senang masuk pukat,. Waktu tidur kita masih bernafas dengan otak luar kawalan sebab ada kuasa yang pantau kita.

Oleh sebab alam ini begitu tersusun, maka orang agama Yakin ada Kuasa yang menyusunnya, letupan di angkasa (big bang) bukan tiba tiba, sebab dibumi ini ada banyak bahan letupan nuklear, tapi takde yang meletup sebab ada yang kawal, maka Sebagai manusia yang boleh berfikir, kita rujuk sebab dan akibat, Tuhanlah layak kepada segaka penciptaan.

Tuhan jadikan kita dahaga, dan Tuhan ciptakan air, Tuhan jadikan kita lapar, dan ada makanan, Tuhan jadikan sejuk, dan ada api serta pakaian, Tuhan jadikan kita perlukan cinta dan perhatian, maka Tuhan juga jadikan pasangan, keluarga, anak, dan kasih sayang untuk penuhi keperluan cinta.

Jadi, jika masalah hati dan cinta pun Tuhan berikan penyelesaian, maka sudah tentu persoalan dari mana aku datang?, apa tujuan aku di dunia ini?, dan kemana aku selapas ini?. Juga disediakan Tuhan akan penyelesaiannya, Cuma terpulang kepada kita untuk meraihnya atau mengabaikannya.

Dan Orang yang bagitahu Allah itu tuhan kami bukan manusia biasa. Beliau seorang yang paling berpengaruh dalam dunia sebab beliau berjaya dalam bidang agama dan politik.

Beliau dikenali sebagai Pakar motivasi, pakar diplomasi, pakar perniagaan, juga ketua perang yang selalu menang walau tenteranya sikit dan Legasinya kekal beribu tahun sampai sekarang.

Kira macam The Real 'Iron Man' sepanjang zaman. Sebab baginda bijak, kacak, kaya, kuat dan mampu kumpulkan pahlawan terhebat di zaman itu lalu menakluk dunia, tak ada mana mana musuh pun yang berjaya membunuhnya atau mengatasi legasinya.

Maka logik sangat orang handal macam ini yang Allah hubungi dan lantik jadi Nabi bersama kitab yang ada mukjizat mudah di hafal.

Jadi saya nak tanya, orang yang bagitahu tuhan tak wujud tu siapa? Encik Nobody cares?

Logik tak? Antara manusia paling hebat di dunia dan encik nobody cares kita pilih nobody cares?

Sesunguhnnya Aku naik saksi bahawa tiada Tuhan melainkan Allah dan Nabi Muhammad itu Pesuruh Allah.

Lakum di Nukum Wali Yaddin.

Woha!