I came across this interesting piece about how the Chinese language is changing in China. People are using English words in spoken and written Chinese directly, without translating them into Chinese equivalents, or even transliterating them into similar sounding Chinese characters. It is easier to say GDP than 国内生产总值, and Wifi is Wifi.
This is causing controversy in China. Some think it is the practical thing to do – everybody knows what Wifi is, so why invent some unfamiliar Chinese term for the same thing? But others feel that the pure Chinese language is being polluted with foreign words. After all, some translations have been successful – Coca Cola 可口可乐 has a very appropriate meaning, and translating email into 电邮 is neat and succinct.
The same thing is happening to other languages too. If you listen to Malay spoken in Malaysia, or Tamil in India, you will often hear English words mixed in.
The reality is that a language is a live, changing thing. It constantly absorbs words, concepts and usages from foreign languages, so long as people are using it in their daily lives. Otherwise it becomes a dead language, studied by scholars but not spoken by ordinary people anymore, like Latin or Sanskrit.
We pay a lot of attention to languages in Singapore. We are doing our utmost to keep our mother tongues alive. These are live languages to be used, so we should accept that they will evolve and change over time. We need to speak and write them correctly, but also colloquially. Then we will really be cool, or as we say in Mandarin, 酷! :)
- LHL
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Sheikh Dr Abdul Sattar Abu Ghuddah
The Lost of the Father of Islamic Finance Shariah Scholars
I have heard about his death this morning. I didnt want to believe it. I have checked with many other colleagues overseas. I am sad the news is true.
I felt very sad. Very sad. No one has ever left the Shariah finger print on my Shariah personality as much as he did.
I met with him for the first time in Labuan circa 1995. He needed my help to translate his paper into English. I went to his room and I was so nervous. I was 31 years old then and he was one of the great scholars of Islamic finance on this planet. I spent two hours with him. We spent 30 minutes on the paper and the rest we talked about life. He embraced me in his world of Islamic finance. I felt strongly that I must follow his footsteps.
Not long after that, I was invited to join many Shariah Boards together with him such as Dow Jones Islamic Market Index, Noor Bank, BNP Paribas (Bahrain), AAOIFI, Dubai Bank, Unicorn Bank (Bahrain), Guidancd Financial (USA), etc. It was always fulfillig and insightful to learn from his great knowledge and wisdom.
I also learnt from him in great deal the real meaning of simplicity and humility. He is known for this character. I dont know how to describe this character in words.
On one occasion, I was chairing one meeting and he was one of the members. I have pronounced one word in Arabic wrongly. He was sitting next to me. He brought down his face to my shoulder and made that important correction quietly and subtly without anyone else noticing. He was so examplary. I always told this story to many upbecoming scholars in Islamic finance: be humble in all conditions.
He has passed away. He brought with him tons of knowledge to the graveyard. He is a true scholar in knowledge and attitude.
May I ask everyone of you - wherever you are - to pray for his soul. When he was living amongst us, he is so resourcefull and soul-full.
He is my teacher & my mentor. He is also my friend & inspiring board members in many Shariah Boards of the world. He lives at the airports more than his residence.
May Allah the Almighty bless his soul & grant sabr to his family.
MDB
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No Forbidden Zones in Reading (Lee Yee)
German philosopher Hegel said, “The only thing we learn from history is that we learn nothing from history.”
In April 1979, the post-Cultural Revolution era of China, the first article of the first issue of Beijing-based literary magazine, Dushu [meaning “Reading” in Chinese]," shook up the Chinese literary world. The article, titled “No Forbidden Zones in Reading”, was penned by Li Honglin. At the time, the CCP had not yet emerged from the darkness of the Cultural Revolution. What was it like in the Cultural Revolution? Except for masterpieces by Marx, Engels, Lenin, Stalin and Mao, and a small fraction of practical books, all books were banned, and all libraries were closed. The Cultural Revolution ended in 1976, and 2 years later in 1978, the National Publishing Bureau decided to allow 35 books to be “unbanned”. An interlude: When the ban was first lifted, there was no paper on which to print the books because the person with authority over paper was Wang Dongxing, a long-term personal security of Mao’s, who would only give authorization to print Mao. The access to use paper to print books other than Mao was a procedural issue. The Cultural Revolution was already on its way to be overturned. The door to printing these books was opened only after several hang-ups.
“No Forbidden Zones in Reading” in the first issue of Dushu raised a question of common sense: Do citizens have the freedom to read? “We have not enacted laws that restrict people’s freedom of reading. Instead, our Constitution stipulates that people have the freedom of speech and publication, as well as the freedom to engage in cultural activities. Reading ought to be a cultural activity,” argued Li. It was not even about the freedom of speech, but simply reading. Yet this common sense would appear as a subversion of the paralyzing rigid ideas formulated during the Cultural Revolution, like a tossed stone that raises a thousand ripples. Dushu’s editorial department received a large number of objections: first, that there would be no gatekeeper and mentally immature minors would be influenced by trashy literature; second, that with the opening of the Pandora box, feudalism, capitalism and revisionism would now occupy our cultural stage. The article also aroused waves of debates within the CCP. Hu Yaobang, then Minister of Central Propaganda, transferred and appointed Li Honglin as the Deputy Director of the Theory Bureau in his department. A colleague asked him directly, “Can primary school students read Jin Pin Mei [also known in English as The Plum in the Golden Vase, a Chinese novel of manners composed in late Ming dynasty with explicit depiction of sexuality]?”
“All Four Doors of the Library Should be Open” was published in the second issue of Dushu, as an extension to “No Forbidden Zones in Reading”. The author was Fan Yuming, but was really Zeng Yansiu, president of the People’s Publishing House.
In the old days, there was a shorthand for the three Chinese characters for “library”: “book” within a “mouth”. The four sides of the book are all wide open, meaning that all the shackles of the banned books are released. “No Forbidden Zones in Reading” explains this on a theoretical level: the people have the freedom to read; “All Four Doors of the Library Should be Open” states that other than special collection books, all other books should be available for the public to loan.
The controversy caused by “No Forbidden Zones in Reading” lasted 2 years, and in April 1981, at the second anniversary of Dushu, Director of the Publishing Bureau, Chen Hanbo, penned an article that reiterated that there are “No Forbidden Zones in Reading”, and that was targeting an “unprecedented ban on books that did happen”.
Books are records of human wisdom, including strange, boring, vulgar thoughts, which are all valuable as long as they remain. After Emperor Qin Shihuang burned the books, he buried the scholars. In history, the ban on books and literary crimes have never ceased.
Engraved on the entrance to Dachau concentration camp in Germany, a famous poem cautions: When a regime begins to burn books, if it is not stopped, they will turn to burn people; when a regime begins to silent words, if it is not stopped, they will turn to silent the person. At the exit, a famous admonishment: When the world forgets these things, they will continue to happen.
Heine, a German poet of the 19th century, came up with “burning books and burning people”. There was a line before this: This is just foreplay.
Yes, all burning and banning of books are just foreplay. Next comes the literary crimes, and then “burning people”.
I started working at a publishing house with a high school degree at 18, and lived my entire life in a pile of books. 42 years ago, when I read “No Forbidden Zones in Reading” in Dushu, I thought that banned books were a thing of the past. Half a century since and here we are, encountering the exact same thing in the freest zone for reading in the past century in the place which enlightened Sun Yat-sen and the rest of modern intellectuals, a place called Hong Kong.
Oh, Hegel’s words are the most genuine.
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