=================================
日本人がよく誤解する「You」の使い方
=================================
英語の「You」は「あなた」を意味することは説明するまでもないですが、ネイティブの日常会話では「あなた」以外の意味としても使われていることはご存知ですか?その用法を理解しておかないと、大きな勘違いをしてしまいかねないので、しかっり覚えておきましょう。
~パターン1~
--------------------------------------------------
「You」=「あなた」そのままの意味としての使い方
--------------------------------------------------
まずは、皆さんもお馴染みの「あなた」や「あなたたち」からスタートをしましょう。話している相手やグループを示す時に“You”が使われます。例えば、「あなたはどう思いますか?」と相手の意見を尋ねる場合は「What do you think?」、「あなた達はイベントに行くの?」と友達のみんなに聞くときは「Are you guys going to the event?」のように表現します。
日本語の日常会話では、主語の「あなた」を省いて話すことが多いですが、英語では相手のことについて話す場合は、必ず主語の“You”を入れる必要があります。例えば、友達とレストランに行って、相手に何を注文するのか自分から尋ねる時、「あなたは何にするの?」と日本語で表現するのはちょっと違和感ありますよね(笑)しかし、英語では必ず主語の“You”を入れて、「What are you going to order?」と言う必要があります。
✔今まで話していた内容と全く関連性のない話題に変える場合は「By the way」を使うのが自然。
<例文>
You don't have to pick me up. I'll take an Uber home.
([あなたは]迎えに来なくていいよ。Uberで家に帰るから。)
When are you guys leaving for Hawaii?
([あなたたちは]いつハワイに行くの?)
You don't have to apologize. It's not your fault.
([あなたは]謝る必要はありません。あなたのせいではありません。)
~パターン2~
--------------------------------------------------
「You」=「世間一般」の意味としての使い方
--------------------------------------------------
アメリカ人の友達に突然、「Do you have to take your shoes off in here?」って聞かれたらどう思いますか?「靴を脱ぐのは“私”だけではなく、“あなた”も脱がないといけないんだよ!」と勘違いして、ちょっとイラっとくる人もいるのではないでしょうか?実はここでのYouは、あなたを特定しているのではなく、世間一般の人のことを指しています。なので、アメリカ人の友達が、「Do you have to take your shoes off in here?」と聞いてきたとしても、「ここではあなたは靴を脱がないといけないの?」とあなたに限った話をしているわけではなく、「ここでは靴を脱がないといけないの?」と来る人全員が靴を脱がなければならないのか聞いていることになります。Youは話者も含め、世間一般の人を表す口語的な言い方として使われます。
特に一般的なルールや決め事について話す時に使われる傾向があり、「You have to wear your seatbelt in California.(カリフォルニアではシートベルトを着用しないといけません。)」 や「You have to be on time in Japan.(日本では時間を守らないといけません)」のように使うのが一般的です。
<例文>
If you want to become a better English speaker, you have to stop worrying about making mistakes and just talk.
(上手に英語が話せるようになりたいなら、間違いを恐れずに話すしかありません。)
How do you turn on this tablet? Do you push this button?
(このタブレットってどうやってつけるの?このボタンを押すの?)
The older you get, the less you care about what others think.
(歳をとればとるほど、周りの目を気にしなくなる。)
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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push up用法 在 Maymeility Facebook 八卦
唔洗用push up都大大的✌
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用法:1)首先取適量打圈按摩
2)上下左右按摩
3)再由腋下向胸中間推
4)最後打圈按摩
重覆以上動作2次就可以了!會立即變的軟棉棉啊,也立即提升了
push up用法 在 Count Down To Travel Facebook 八卦
巴黎人向來率性自然,在街頭、地鐵站內上不難發現有人隨處便溺,一陣陣的尿味在城市裏瀰漫着。偶爾還會遇到搶劫案,好像這次到訪巴黎,我們在擠擁的地鐵車廂裏,目睹了一宗搶劫案,到現在我們還能清楚記起受害人因為想捉住小偷而被車門夾着的尖叫聲。
.
巴黎人高貴,卻帶點冷傲,不屑於跟不懂法文的人交談,只要你不懂法文,「唔該借借、excuse me」,我們這耳熟能詳的句子,不要想像他們會用英文跟你說,可能連用法文跟你說的時間也省掉,反正你不懂😂,直接推開你較快😂😅;所以我們在一間藥妝店內不止一次被當地人推撞。
.
如果你嘗試向法國人問路,不訪先跟他們說bonjour,不要老是跟他們說hello,起碼他們可能會停下腳步,哈哈,不過我想大部分法國人都會用法文答你問題,儘管他們可能略懂英語;不過不要怪他們,反正入鄉隨俗,沒有理由要別人遷就我們。
.
法國人民族性極強,努力捍衛自己的文化,有趣。
.
People in Paris are born to be closed nature. Inside the streets and subway stations, it is not hard to find someone's leftover pee and that smell could surround you as you use the public transportation. Occasionally, there will be robberies and we witnessed once in the crowded subway train. Up til now, we could still recall the scream of the lady as her arm was stuck at the subway door while attempting to catch the thief.
.
People also appeared to be noble and arrogant. They don't bother to talk to others who don't speak French. Of course, you shouldn’t expect them to say “execute me” to you and they might push you when you are on their way which happened to us inside a crowded drug store multiple times.
.
So, our advice is always say “bonjour” before everything including when you wish to ask for direction. In that way, I believe most of French is happy to stop and help. Well. It is also highly possible that they will reply you in French regardless their fluency of English. Anyway, it is just part of the culture and, frankly, they have no obligation to accommodate us.
.
Somehow we feel that it is funny to observe their strong national pride and unique culture.
push up用法 在 Isadora Cheng Youtube 的評價
- Products Mentioned -
1. NYX Eyebrow Push Up Bra 雙頭眉筆 (眉筆&眉蠟筆)
2. NYX Eyebrow Cake Powder 雙色眉粉連定型眉臘組合
3. NYX Eyebrow Shaper 眉蠟筆
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Isadora Cheng 擔任 Makeup Secret 創辦人| 課程總監 | 資深培訓導師 | 著名化妝師, 了解我更多的化妝|美容|生活分享, 請瀏覽:
Facebook 專頁: https://www.facebook.com/MakeupSecret.Isa/
Blog: http://isadoracheng.blogspot.hk.
Instagram : makeupsecret_isa
微博 : makeupsecret_isa
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Makeup Secret : http://makeupsecret.com.hk/
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push up用法 在 木昜 Youtube 的評價
↓Click For More Info↓
THIS YOUTUBE VIDEO ABOUT "OCT FAVS 十月最愛"
(問問題之前,先打開看看有沒有答案吧!)
-
希望大家喜歡這個影片
p.s.影片有英文用法錯誤請見諒
and
如果覺得影片不錯也請幫我按個喜歡
有任何問題或想知道的 都很歡迎在下面留言給我唷!
INSTAGRAM/SPOTIFY
Instagram|@am_____ber https://www.instagram.com/am_____ber/
SPOTIFY |AMBERS MUSIC TIME https://goo.gl/Pz2Ixn
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NYX Lingerie Push Up 唇筆 06/NT$360
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偶然發現的一天
?常問問題?
1.剪接編輯軟體:Adobe Premiere CS5/CS6
2.照片編輯軟體:Adobe Photoshop CS5/CS6
3.影片開頭結尾等圖片都在哪裡找:Pinterest、tumblr、google (png檔)
4.相機使用哪一台:CANON G7X
5.光療指甲哪裡做:
美甲師:Polly LINE:yanping0628
如果你有興趣幫我上字幕
https://www.youtube.com/timedtext_cs_panel?c=UCJh7iYWad-1quDlp9VXHfUw&tab=2
e mail : iam.amberyang@gmail.com
Age:23
FTC: This video is NOT sponsored .
push up用法 在 木昜 Youtube 的評價
↓Click For More Info↓
THIS YOUTUBE VIDEO ABOUT "11月購物清單"
(問問題之前,先打開看看有沒有答案吧!)
-
希望大家喜歡這個影片
p.s.影片有英文用法錯誤請見諒
and
如果覺得影片不錯也請幫我按個喜歡
有任何問題或想知道的 都很歡迎在下面留言給我唷!
INSTAGRAM/SPOTIFY
Instagram|@am_____ber https://www.instagram.com/am_____ber/
SPOTIFY |AMBERS MUSIC TIME https://goo.gl/Pz2Ixn
_______________________________________________________
11月購物清單
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?常問問題?
1.剪接編輯軟體:Adobe Premiere CC
2.照片編輯軟體:Adobe Photoshop CS6
3.相機使用哪一台:CANON G7X
4.光療指甲美甲師:Polly、LINE:yanping0628
嘉丹妮爾85折折扣碼輸入:AMBER https://vecsgardenia.com/
購買我的手機殼:https://shopee.tw/product/123333910/2685260301?smtt=0.0.9
如果你有興趣幫我上字幕
https://www.youtube.com/timedtext_cs_panel?c=UCJh7iYWad-1quDlp9VXHfUw&tab=2
e mail : iam.amberyang@gmail.com
Age:23
FTC: This video is NOT sponsored .
push up用法 在 YouTube Data API Overview - Google Developers 的八卦
Introduction
This document is intended for developers who want to write applications that interact with YouTube. It explains basic concepts of YouTube and of the API itself. It also provides an overview of the different functions that the API supports.
Before you startYou need a Google Account to access the Google API Console, request an API key, and register your application.
Create a project in the Google Developers Console and obtain authorization credentials so your application can submit API requests.
After creating your project, make sure the YouTube Data API is one of the services that your application is registered to use:
Go to the API Console and select the project that you just registered.
Visit the Enabled APIs page.
In the list of APIs, make sure the status is ON for the YouTube Data API v3.
If your application will use any API methods that require user authorization, read the authentication guide to learn how to implement OAuth 2.0 authorization.
Select a client library to simplify your API implementation.
Familiarize yourself with the core concepts of the JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) data format. JSON is a common, language-independent data format that provides a simple text representation of arbitrary data structures. For more information, see json.org.
Resources and resource types
A resource is an individual data entity with a unique identifier. The table below describes the different types of resources that you can interact with using the API.
Resources
activity
Contains information about an action that a particular user has taken on the YouTube site. User actions that are reported in activity feeds include rating a video, sharing a video, marking a video as a favorite, and posting a channel bulletin, among others.
channel
Contains information about a single YouTube channel.
channelBanner
Identifies the URL to use to set a newly uploaded image as the banner image for a channel.
channelSection
Contains information about a set of videos that a channel has chosen to feature. For example, a section could feature a channel's latest uploads, most popular uploads, or videos from one or more playlists.
guideCategory
Identifies a category that YouTube associates with channels based on their content or other indicators, such as popularity. Guide categories seek to organize channels in a way that makes it easier for YouTube users to find the content they're looking for. While channels could be associated with one or more guide categories, they are not guaranteed to be in any guide categories.
i18nLanguage
Identifies an application language that the YouTube website supports. The application language can also be referred to as a UI language.
i18nRegion
Identifies a geographic area that a YouTube user can select as the preferred content region. The content region can also be referred to as a content locale.
playlist
Represents a single YouTube playlist. A playlist is a collection of videos that can be viewed sequentially and shared with other users.
playlistItem
Identifies a resource, such as a video, that is part of a playlist. The playlistItem resource also contains details that explain how the included resource is used in the playlist.
search result
Contains information about a YouTube video, channel, or playlist that matches the search parameters specified in an API request. While a search result points to a uniquely identifiable resource, like a video, it does not have its own persistent data.
subscription
Contains information about a YouTube user subscription. A subscription notifies a user when new videos are added to a channel or when another user takes one of several actions on YouTube, such as uploading a video, rating a video, or commenting on a video.
thumbnail
Identifies thumbnail images associated with a resource.
video
Represents a single YouTube video.
videoCategory
Identifies a category that has been or could be associated with uploaded videos.
watermark
Identifies an image that displays during playbacks of a specified channel's videos. The channel owner can also specify a target channel to which the image links as well as timing details that determine when the watermark appears during video playbacks and then length of time it is visible.
Note that, in many cases, a resource contains references to other resources. For example, a playlistItem
resource's snippet.resourceId.videoId
property identifies a video resource that, in turn, contains complete information about the video. As another example, a search result contains either a videoId
, playlistId
, or channelId
property that identifies a particular video, playlist, or channel resource.
The following table shows the most common methods that the API supports. Some resources also support other methods that perform functions more specific to those resources. For example, the videos.rate
method associates a user rating with a video, and the thumbnails.set
method uploads a video thumbnail image to YouTube and associates it with a video.
Operations
list
Retrieves (
GET
) a list of zero or more resources.insert
Creates (
POST
) a new resource.update
Modifies (
PUT
) an existing resource to reflect data in your request.delete
Removes (
DELETE
) a specific resource.The API currently supports methods to list each of the supported resource types, and it supports write operations for many resources as well.
The table below identifies the operations that are supported for different types of resources. Operations that insert, update, or delete resources always require user authorization. In some cases, list
methods support both authorized and unauthorized requests, where unauthorized requests only retrieve public data while authorized requests can also retrieve information about or private to the currently authenticated user.
Supported Operations
list
insert
update
delete
activity
caption
channel
channelBanner
channelSection
comment
commentThread
guideCategory
i18nLanguage
i18nRegion
playlist
playlistItem
search result
subscription
thumbnail
video
videoCategory
watermark
Quota usage
The YouTube Data API uses a quota to ensure that developers use the service as intended and do not create applications that unfairly reduce service quality or limit access for others. All API requests, including invalid requests, incur at least a one-point quota cost. You can find the quota available to your application in the API Console.
Projects that enable the YouTube Data API have a default quota allocation of 10,000 units per day, an amount sufficient for the overwhelming majority of our API users. Default quota, which is subject to change, helps us optimize quota allocations and scale our infrastructure in a way that is more meaningful to our API users. You can see your quota usage on the Quotas page in the API Console.
Note: If you reach the quota limit, you can request additional quota by
completing the Quota extension
request form for YouTube API Services.
Google calculates your quota usage by assigning a cost to each request. Different types of
operations have different quota costs. For example:
A read operation that retrieves a list of resources -- channels, videos, playlists -- usually
costs 1 unit.
A write operation that creates, updates, or deletes a resource usually has costs
50
units.A search request costs
100
units.A video upload costs
1600
units.The Quota costs for API requests table shows the
quota cost of each API method. With these rules in mind, you can estimate the number of requests
that your application could send per day without exceeding your quota.
The API allows, and actually requires, the retrieval of partial resources so that applications avoid transferring, parsing, and storing unneeded data. This approach also ensures that the API uses network, CPU, and memory resources more efficiently.
The API supports two request parameters, which are explained in the following sections, that enable you to identify the resource properties that should be included in API responses.
The part
parameter identifies groups of properties that should be returned for a resource.
The fields
parameter filters the API response to only return specific properties within the requested resource parts.
part
parameterThe part
parameter is a required parameter for any API request that retrieves or returns a resource. The parameter identifies one or more top-level (non-nested) resource properties that should be included in an API response. For example, a video
resource has the following parts:
snippet
contentDetails
fileDetails
player
processingDetails
recordingDetails
statistics
status
suggestions
topicDetails
All of these parts are objects that contain nested properties, and you can think of these objects as groups of metadata fields that the API server might (or might not) retrieve. As such, the part
parameter requires you to select the resource components that your application actually uses. This requirement serves two key purposes:
It reduces latency by preventing the API server from spending time retrieving metadata fields that your application doesn't use.
It reduces bandwidth usage by reducing (or eliminating) the amount of unnecessary data that your application might retrieve.
Over time, as resources add more parts, these benefits will only increase since your application will not be requesting newly introduced properties that it doesn't support.
How to use thefields
parameterThe fields
parameter filters the API response, which only contains the resource parts identified in the part
parameter value, so that the response only includes a specific set of fields. The fields
parameter lets you remove nested properties from an API response and thereby further reduce your bandwidth usage. (The part
parameter cannot be used to filter nested properties from a response.)
The following rules explain the supported syntax for the fields
parameter value, which is loosely based on XPath syntax:
Use a comma-separated list (fields=a,b
) to select multiple fields.
Use an asterisk (fields=*
) as a wildcard to identify all fields.
Use parentheses (fields=a(b,c)
) to specify a group of nested properties that will be included in the API response.
Use a forward slash (fields=a/b
) to identify a nested property.
In practice, these rules often allow several different fields
parameter values to retrieve the same API response. For example, if you want to retrieve the playlist item ID, title, and position for every item in a playlist, you could use any of the following values:
fields=items/id,playlistItems/snippet/title,playlistItems/snippet/position
fields=items(id,snippet/title,snippet/position)
fields=items(id,snippet(title,position))
Note: As with all query parameter values, the fields
parameter value must be URL encoded. For better readability, the examples in this document omit the encoding.
The examples below demonstrate how you can use the part
and fields
parameters to ensure that API responses only include the data that your application uses:
Example 1 returns a video resource that includes four parts as well as
kind
and etag
properties.Example 2 returns a video resource that includes two parts as well as
kind
and etag
properties.Example 3 returns a video resource that includes two parts but excludes
kind
and etag
properties.Example 4 returns a video resource that includes two parts but excludes
kind
and etag
as well as some nested properties in the resource's snippet
object.Example 1
URL: https://www.googleapis.com/youtube/v3/videos?id=7lCDEYXw3mM&key=YOUR_API_KEY
&part=snippet,contentDetails,statistics,statusDescription: This example retrieves avideo
resource and identifies several
resource parts that should be included in the API response.API response:
{
"kind": "youtube#videoListResponse",
"etag": "\"UCBpFjp2h75_b92t44sqraUcyu0/sDAlsG9NGKfr6v5AlPZKSEZdtqA\"",
"videos": [
{
"id": "7lCDEYXw3mM",
"kind": "youtube#video",
"etag": "\"UCBpFjp2h75_b92t44sqraUcyu0/iYynQR8AtacsFUwWmrVaw4Smb_Q\"",
"snippet": {
"publishedAt": "2012-06-20T22:45:24.000Z",
"channelId": "UC_x5XG1OV2P6uZZ5FSM9Ttw",
"title": "Google I/O 101: Q&A On Using Google APIs",
"description": "Antonio Fuentes speaks to us and takes questions on working with Google APIs and OAuth 2.0.",
"thumbnails": {
"default": {
"url": "https://i.ytimg.com/vi/7lCDEYXw3mM/default.jpg"
},
"medium": {
"url": "https://i.ytimg.com/vi/7lCDEYXw3mM/mqdefault.jpg"
},
"high": {
"url": "https://i.ytimg.com/vi/7lCDEYXw3mM/hqdefault.jpg"
}
},
"categoryId": "28"
},
"contentDetails": {
"duration": "PT15M51S",
"aspectRatio": "RATIO_16_9"
},
"statistics": {
"viewCount": "3057",
"likeCount": "25",
"dislikeCount": "0",
"favoriteCount": "17",
"commentCount": "12"
},
"status": {
"uploadStatus": "STATUS_PROCESSED",
"privacyStatus": "PRIVACY_PUBLIC"
}
}
]
}
Example 2
URL: https://www.googleapis.com/youtube/v3/videos?id=7lCDEYXw3mM&key=YOUR_API_KEY
&part=snippet,statisticsDescription: This example modifies thepart
parameter value so that the
contentDetails
andstatus
properties are not included
in the response.API response:
{
"kind": "youtube#videoListResponse",
"etag": "\"UCBpFjp2h75_b92t44sqraUcyu0/sDAlsG9NGKfr6v5AlPZKSEZdtqA\"",
"videos": [
{
"id": "7lCDEYXw3mM",
"kind": "youtube#video",
"etag": "\"UCBpFjp2h75_b92t44sqraUcyu0/iYynQR8AtacsFUwWmrVaw4Smb_Q\"",
"snippet": {
"publishedAt": "2012-06-20T22:45:24.000Z",
"channelId": "UC_x5XG1OV2P6uZZ5FSM9Ttw",
"title": "Google I/O 101: Q&A On Using Google APIs",
"description": "Antonio Fuentes speaks to us and takes questions on working with Google APIs and OAuth 2.0.",
"thumbnails": {
"default": {
"url": "https://i.ytimg.com/vi/7lCDEYXw3mM/default.jpg"
},
"medium": {
"url": "https://i.ytimg.com/vi/7lCDEYXw3mM/mqdefault.jpg"
},
"high": {
"url": "https://i.ytimg.com/vi/7lCDEYXw3mM/hqdefault.jpg"
}
},
"categoryId": "28"
},
"statistics": {
"viewCount": "3057",
"likeCount": "25",
"dislikeCount": "0",
"favoriteCount": "17",
"commentCount": "12"
}
}
]
}
Example 3
URL: https://www.googleapis.com/youtube/v3/videos?id=7lCDEYXw3mM&key=YOUR_API_KEY
&part=snippet,statistics&fields=items(id,snippet,statistics)Description: This example adds thefields
parameter to remove all
kind
andetag
properties from the API response.API response:
{
"videos": [
{
"id": "7lCDEYXw3mM",
"snippet": {
"publishedAt": "2012-06-20T22:45:24.000Z",
"channelId": "UC_x5XG1OV2P6uZZ5FSM9Ttw",
"title": "Google I/O 101: Q&A On Using Google APIs",
"description": "Antonio Fuentes speaks to us and takes questions on working with Google APIs and OAuth 2.0.",
"thumbnails": {
"default": {
"url": "https://i.ytimg.com/vi/7lCDEYXw3mM/default.jpg"
},
"medium": {
"url": "https://i.ytimg.com/vi/7lCDEYXw3mM/mqdefault.jpg"
},
"high": {
"url": "https://i.ytimg.com/vi/7lCDEYXw3mM/hqdefault.jpg"
}
},
"categoryId": "28"
},
"statistics": {
"viewCount": "3057",
"likeCount": "25",
"dislikeCount": "0",
"favoriteCount": "17",
"commentCount": "12"
}
}
]
}
Example 4
URL: https://www.googleapis.com/youtube/v3/videos?id=7lCDEYXw3mM&key=YOUR_API_KEY
&fields=items(id,snippet(channelId,title,categoryId),statistics)&part=snippet,statisticsDescription: This example modifies thefields
parameter from example 3
so that in the API response, each video resource'ssnippet
object only includes thechannelId
,title
,
andcategoryId
properties.API response:
{
"videos": [
{
"id": "7lCDEYXw3mM",
"snippet": {
"channelId": "UC_x5XG1OV2P6uZZ5FSM9Ttw",
"title": "Google I/O 101: Q&A On Using Google APIs",
"categoryId": "28"
},
"statistics": {
"viewCount": "3057",
"likeCount": "25",
"dislikeCount": "0",
"favoriteCount": "17",
"commentCount": "12"
}
}
]
}
Optimizing performance
Using ETags
ETags, a standard part of the HTTP protocol, allow applications to refer to a specific version of a particular API resource. The resource could be an entire feed or an item in that feed. This functionality supports the following use cases:
Caching and conditional retrieval – Your application can cache API resources and their ETags. Then, when your application requests a stored resource again, it specifies the ETag associated with that resource. If the resource has changed, the API returns the modified resource and the ETag associated with that version of the resource. If the resource has not changed, the API returns an HTTP 304 response (Not Modified
), which indicates that the resource has not changed. Your application can reduce latency and bandwidth usage by serving cached resources in this manner.
The client libraries for Google APIs differ in their support of ETags. For example, the JavaScript client library supports ETags via a whitelist for allowed request headers that includes If-Match
and If-None-Match
. The whitelist allows normal browser caching to occur so that if a resource's ETag has not changed, the resource can be served from the browser cache. The Obj-C client, on the other hand, does not support ETags.
Protecting against inadvertent overwrites of changes – ETags help to ensure that multiple API clients don't inadvertently overwrite each other's changes. When updating or deleting a resource, your application can specify the resource's ETag. If the ETag doesn't match the most recent version of that resource, then the API request fails.
Using ETags in your application provides several benefits:
The API responds more quickly to requests for cached but unchanged resources, yielding lower latency and lower bandwidth usage.Your application will not inadvertently overwrite changes to a resource that were made from another API client.
The Google APIs Client Library for JavaScript supports If-Match
and If-None-Match
HTTP request headers, thereby enabling ETags to work within the context of normal browser caching.
Using gzip
You can also reduce the bandwidth needed for each API response by enabling gzip compression. While your application will need additional CPU time to uncompress API responses, the benefit of consuming fewer network resources usually outweighs that cost.
To receive a gzip-encoded response you must do two things:
Set the Accept-Encoding
HTTP request header to gzip
.
Modify your user agent to contain the string gzip
.
The sample HTTP headers below demonstrate these requirements for enabling gzip compression:
Accept-Encoding: gzip
User-Agent: my program (gzip)
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