【多說、多寫改善不了的英文口說、寫作問題】
在幫大家總結 40 年的應用語言學研究之前,請大家猜猜看,都在表達「她對你評價很高」時,哪一句話是美國人說,哪一句話是台灣學生說的呢?
(a) She gave you a lot of praises.
(b) She spoke highly of you.
大多人都能正確地選出 (b) ,但同時也覺得:
「好像單字記了不少,但就是講不出那樣的英文。而這好像也不是多講就有辦法解決的。」
【情況分析】
如果我們今天背單字,只是為了在「選擇題」時選得出來,有時定義背一背(中文也罷、英文也罷),難一點的題目上下文判斷一下、就能拿到分數。Congratulations.
但若目的是想要「用得出來」,至少有 2 方面需要我們加深學習,可分成 word-related 和 learning-related:
1️⃣ Word-related: 除了該字的意思以外,還需要知道發音、拼法 (for 寫作),我相信這道理像廢話,很多人都了解。
但 「part of speech (詞性)」、「grammatical
behavior (文法規範、行為)」和「字詞搭配」更是影響我們有沒有辦法用出來的關鍵。
✔︎ 沒有注意「詞性」,我們可能會錯用成"became success" "That was happened yesterday." "You're so fashion." 這樣的錯誤英文。
✔︎ 不了解文法規範,我們可能學了 involve (涉及、包含),也用不出來。可能會亂用成 "She involved deeply in this project."
2️⃣ Learning-related:無數語言學、認知心理學研究都指出:"Repeated exposure" (反覆接觸) 是記好單字很重要的關鍵。
但這樣的「反覆接觸」,不是在「短時間內一直看一直看」就可以達成。
有時要在我們學完後,某一天在追劇、看英文雜誌、或和外國老闆開會時,恰巧「再碰到且注意」後,才會加深學習效果。對住在台灣的我們 (自然英文 input 不夠),是比較困難的。
【小故事幫助你 / 妳理解】
像對我來說 speak / think highly of sb (對~有很高的評價),以前在學習時,也不會覺得這是馬上用得出來的英文。但在哥大念碩一時,有一位 Lindhardsen 教授在走廊上遇到我時,跟我說 "Prof. Han spoke highly of you."
對我來說那樣的「接觸」,啟動了我的字彙記憶,一口氣讓那個用法從 receptive knowledge (能認、直覺用不出),轉化成了我的 productive knowledge (用得出)。
【你 / 妳可以這樣做】
語言學權威 Stephen Krashen 教授提出來的「窄式學習」,就一次達成了上面2個要件。
藉由對「同一主題」的東西大量聽、閱讀,讓我們能夠短時間內有很多的「repeated exposure」。也因為對內容的熟悉 (content familiarity),讓我們更能「有餘力」注意到「part of speech (詞性)」、「grammatical behavior (文法規範、行為)」 和「字詞搭配」等面向。
這次我與 VoiceTube Vclass 合作的線上課程,是全台灣第一個窄式學習的課程。雖然和恆毅力相關,但不是在帶大家看書、也不是心理學的課程。
這套語言課程將21世紀最有影響力的正向心理學主題當作「媒介」,進行更窄、印象更深刻、用得出來的語言學習。
• 課程連結: https://bit.ly/3dzs608 (65折最後2天)
同時也有3部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過25萬的網紅13N,也在其Youtube影片中提到,常常看到留言都說美國加州路平,風景優美。其實台灣公路也很棒!城市道路就不提了。A lot of my comments are praises about how good the roads are in California and how shitty it is in Taiwan. Act...
praises中文 在 玳瑚師父 Master Dai Hu Facebook 八卦
(English version below)
福與禍有如兄弟姐妹,是相依及甚少離棄的。因此,當妳你還在運的時候,或是得意外之財時,千萬别想着如何的慶祝,應快快在妳你盛運時,积極的力行佈施。
一,循環因果。
二,再施肥於財苗。
三,使財富綿綿無絕期。
吾,玳瑚師父,早明此道理,面對所有的男女有情,的讚於彈,都能大方地處之泰然。不久前就有位女士,眞情流露的相告,說吾給於她的第一印象是,公子哥兒。吾聽了自然的笑了出來,並對她說這是很新鮮的看法,且先知會她,吾日後可能會,将其對於吾這新鮮的看法,寫成短文。但這短文肯定是含有,善知识及正確的價值觀的。
這位欲請吾爲她,及其家人造福的女士,相信是沒有惡意的。再說,她的中文也沒她的英文來得流利。公子哥兒與花花公子,其实是不盡相同的。花花公子不一定是有錢的。公子哥兒也不一定,全是花花公子啊!說实在的,這两者若能若肯,出來渡眾生,是非常難能可貴的。
可貴在於他有這菩提心。當然,他若能先修斷,他那花花的心,他所欲擺渡的對相,才能信服並坐上他的法船,共达彼岸,共赴蓮邦,永享極樂。
⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯
Good fortune and Disaster are like siblings. They are dependent on each other and rarely abandon each other. Hence when you are in good luck or receive an unexpected windfall, never think about how to celebrate. During this time of prosperous luck, you should hurriedly and diligently contribute and give.
1. This keeps the good luck in constant circulation.
2. This further fertilises the wealth seedlings.
3. This brings in a never-ending flow of wealth.
I, Master Dai Hu, have long understood this principle. When faced with the praises and criticisms, I can remain big-hearted and take things calmly.
Not long ago, a lady revealed her true sentiments to me, saying that the first impression I gave her was that of 公子哥兒 (a rich playboy). Upon hearing it, I naturally laughed and told her that this was a novel perspective. I also informed her that in the future, I would write about this novel viewpoint in a short write-up, but the write-up would definitely contain virtuous knowledge and right values.
This lady who wanted to invite me to create good fortune for her and her family probably mean no harm. Moreover, her Mandarin was not as fluent as her English. The terms 公子哥兒 and 花花公子 are similar in meaning. The latter may not be wealthy and the former may not be totally unfaithful! Frankly speaking, if these two characters are willing to come out and deliver sentient beings, that would be so valuable.
Because it is valuable that he has this bodhi of resolve. It goes without saying that he should snip off that flirtatious heart, the person he aims to deliver salvation shall then be convinced to board his Dharma ship towards the shores of Salvation and eternal bliss.
praises中文 在 Witness 黃崇旭 Facebook 八卦
原來....... J.Wu 吳羽軒說我rap台語有時候比我rap中文還要標準!哈哈 感謝主!
turns out J.Wu said my pronunciation in my Taiwanese raps is more accurate than in some of my mandarin ones! haha Dope! all praises due.......
praises中文 在 13N Youtube 的評價
常常看到留言都說美國加州路平,風景優美。其實台灣公路也很棒!城市道路就不提了。A lot of my comments are praises about how good the roads are in California and how shitty it is in Taiwan. Actually, the roads aren't that bad in Taiwan. Some are even much better than the ones in US.
Bike: Honda MSX-125 SF
Vlog 62 摩托日記第六十二篇
Outro Music: Anikdote - Which Direction?
NCS Release bit.ly/1LfXUQh
https://soundcloud.com/anikdotemusic
#13N 追蹤 13N Instagram:
praises中文 在 鍾翔宇 Xiangyu Youtube 的評價
我們平常接觸的有關朝鮮的訊息是怎麼來的呢?可以看看這紀錄片: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eclCfjP7hLM
關於朝鮮戰爭內幕: https://bit.ly/2I9WzU3
臉書專頁: https://www.facebook.com/ComradeXiangyu
專訪: https://blow.streetvoice.com/41873
編曲: Ransom-Notes https://soundcloud.com/ransom-notes
作詞、混音:鍾翔宇
母帶後期製作工程: Glenn Schick
Follow Xiangyu on Twitter https://instagram.com/notXiangyu
Follow Ransom-Notes on Twitter https://twitter.com/ransom1992
有些人會說:「如果朝鮮不是獨裁國家的話,為什麼不給外國旅客自由行呢?為什麼大部分電腦都沒連上境外的互聯網呢?」我希望那些人從不同的角度來思考這些問題。二戰期間的同盟國會開放自己的國家給德國、意大利和日本觀光客自由行嗎?別忘了,朝鮮戰爭只有停火,沒有停戰。
假如互聯網是在 1930 年代的德國發明的,而非 20 世紀下半葉的美國,而德國情報機構能暗中監督和控制一切連上該網路的任何設備(正如斯諾登透露美國國安局所做的那樣),同盟國會讓一般老百姓連上同個互聯網嗎?還是他們會跟朝鮮一樣建設自己的網路?
朝鮮是個小國家。雖然它從 1953 年一直呼籲正式停戰,但它從 1950 年到現在一直與大部分西方國家處於戰爭狀態。只要戰爭狀態不變,這些政策不是「反自由」的,而是任何理性的政府(無論是資本主義國家還是社會主義國家)會施行的防禦性措施。
誰是朋友?誰是敵人?
Who are our friends? Who are our enemies?
我們能否 追究這個問題而不自欺欺人
Can we look into this question without lying to ourselves?
誰的盟友?誰的利潤?
Whose allies? Whose profits?
是誰激於義憤而爭鬥和犧牲
Whose struggle and sacrifice are stirred by righteous indignation?
1.
饒舌的激進份子 被說是憤世
The radical rapper is said to be cynical.
我只想引人深思 和去偽存實
I just want to get people to think, cast aside falsities, and retain the truths,
因為從小到大有太多虛偽人士
because througout our lives, too many hypocrites
灌輸錯誤認識 使人愚昧無知
have instilled false understandings, causing us to ignorantly
地無視 顯而易見 的壓迫和暴行
disregard the clearly visible oppression and atrocities,
使人固執己見 而失去批判思考力
causing us to stubbornly cling to our own opinions and lose our ability to think critically.
一旦遇到陌生的意見 認知就失調
When we encounter unfamiliar opinions, we experience cognitive dissonance.
變本加厲地延伸原本的錯誤視角
Doubling down on our mistaken views
成為了心理防禦機制 也使我們無意識地
has become a psychological defense mechanism which causes us to unknowingly
成為壓迫自己的體制的棋子
become pawns of the system that oppresses us
即使我們自以為自己是正義的義士
although we think of ourselves as just and morally courageous people,
但其實是我們迷失於斷章取義的歷史
it is actually us who are lost in deliberately misinterpreted history.
而敵視 並歧視 被壓迫的各國人民
We vilify and discriminate against the oppressed peoples of all countries;
自以為仁義 卻把壓迫者 奉若神明
we think we are righteous, yet we deify the oppressors.
不分明侵略和防禦只要求無條件的和平
We don't differentiate between aggression and defense, we simply ask for unprincipled peace,
得到奴隸主的肯定不過不被他們尊敬
gaining the approval of slave masters but not their respect.
2.
監禁率最高的國家被當作自由象徵
The country with the highest incarceration rate is considered to be a symbol of freedom;
最常推翻民選政府的它被當作摯友良朋
we call it our friend as it leads in overthrowing democratically elected governments.
我們只有盲人摸象般稱頌或貶斥
We make praises and criticisms based on conclusions made from bad information,
偏執地不檢視騙子掩飾的現實
stubbornly refusing to investigate the truths hidden by liars.
別人飢餓 我們說是領導人無人性
When others starve, we say their leaders are devoid of humanity
卻不記得制裁的目的 是經過餓死人民
while failing to remember that the goal of sanctions is to sabotage stability
破壞穩定 以迫使 革命群眾 放棄革命
through starvation in order to extort the revolutionary masses into giving up revolution.
如果這不是恐怖主義 那麼你的定義可能有問題
If this isn't terrorism, then your definition might be flawed.
我問你 唯一動用核武器的到底是誰?
I ask you, who is the only one to have used nuclear weapons?
為何朝鮮發展核武就被認為是罪?
Why is it considered a crime when (DPR) Korea develops nukes?
誰的奴性思維被支配得顛倒是非
Whose slave mentality's been been dominated to the point where right and wrong are inverted,
使我們把自衛視為威脅 把威脅視為慈悲?
having us believe defense is threatening and threats are benevolent?
是誰不知不覺地在重複戈培爾所起草
Who unknowingly repeats lies written by Goebbels
的流言蜚語的同時說別人被洗腦
while at the same time calling others brainwashed,
並對用著堅如鐵的毅力英勇地起義
while unreasonably being hostile towards those who use their iron-firm willpower
驅逐侵略者的人民無理地壞有敵意?
to heroically drive out aggressors through rebellion?
#朝鮮 #DPRK #Korea
praises中文 在 Charis Chua Youtube 的評價
CHARIS 蔡佳靈
FB 粉絲頁: https://www.facebook.com/charischuamusic
Weibo微博: http://www.weibo.com/charischua
Bandcamp: http://charis.bandcamp.com/
Sam 黃銀山 (The Altar祭壇音樂 主唱)
FB 粉絲頁: https://www.facebook.com/thealtar4/
Shaun陳聖恩 (好豐盛吉他手)
FB 粉絲頁: https://www.facebook.com/chanshengen/
好豐盛FB: https://www.facebook.com/HaoFongShengGospel/
Youtube教學頻道: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCwJDK0X2deBZgbIvT_cJE8A
Vocals: Charis蔡佳靈 + 黃銀山
Guitar: 陳聖恩
Audio/Visual Engineer: Theo Chou
AV Post-Production: CC&TC
(中文翻譯來源:http://sabinechu.pixnet.net/blog/post/36081394-%5B%E6%AD%8C%E8%A9%9E%5D-mary-did-you-know-%E9%A6%AC%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E5%A6%B3%E7%9F%A5%E9%81%93%E5%97%8E )
Mary, did you know that your baby boy will one day walk on water?
馬利亞,妳知道妳的嬰孩有一天會行走在水上嗎?
Mary, did you know that your baby boy will save our sons and daughters?
馬利亞,妳知道你的嬰孩將會拯救我們的兒女嗎?
Did you know that your baby boy has come to make you new?
妳知道妳的嬰孩是為了更新妳的生命而誕生的嗎?
This child that you've delivered will soon deliver you.
妳所生的這個孩子也會很快的使妳重生。
Mary, did you know that your baby boy will give sight to a blind man?
馬利亞,妳知道妳的嬰孩會使瞎眼得看見嗎?
Mary, did you know that your baby boy will calm a storm with His hand?
馬利亞,妳知道妳的嬰孩會用祂的手讓風暴平息嗎?
Did you know that your baby boy has walked where angels trod?
妳知道妳的嬰孩曾走過天使走過的地方?
And when you kiss your little baby, you've kissed the face of God.
而當妳親吻妳的小嬰孩,妳已經親吻了神的臉
The blind will see, the deaf will hear, the dead will live again
瞎眼將能看見 耳聾將能聽見 死人將能復活
The lame will leap, the dumb will speak the praises of the Lamb
瘸腿將要跳躍 啞巴將要說話 都來讚美聖羔羊
Mary, did you know that your baby boy is Lord of all creation?
馬利亞,妳知道妳的嬰孩是創造萬有的主嗎?
Mary, did you know that your baby boy will one day rule the nations?
馬利亞,妳知道妳的嬰孩有一天要掌權世界嗎?
Did you know that your baby boy is heaven's perfect Lamb?
妳知道妳的嬰孩是天國的聖潔羔羊嗎?
This sleeping child you're holding is the Great I Am
妳懷中沉睡的嬰孩,就是偉大全能神
praises中文 在 二十一度母讚Praises to the 21 Taras [中文四眾合音] HD 的八卦
二十一度母讚 月一杯咖啡法布施,共享佛網影音善業!https://www.youtube.com/桑吉佛網/join2/23今日適藏曆度母日。願眾諸善事業皆圓滿。 ... <看更多>