[英文單字學習 V]
語音學(Phonetics)和音韻學(Phonology)是語言學中的分支學科,它們的相異之處在於,前者單純與語言的聲音有關,後者則為將不同的聲音元素(Phonemes)結合成單字的意思。它們如同語法學(Syntax)和詞彙學(Vocabulary)一般,被認為是構成語言的基本要素。在音韻學,語言學家針對英語的語音系統進行了科學分析,研究不同的聲音元素是如何發音、連結、組合而形成了語言,並且表達出特定的含意。
同學們在學習英語時,是否常遇到有想法表達不出的困境呢?若是追溯根源,單字的認知是學習英語最基本的要素,不過單字發音的準確性,往往是許多英語學習者所忽略的。英語系國家的人在學習母語時,都是先學會「聽說」再學習「讀寫」,人們從出生開始,就是處於英語環境,藉由「聽」來學習「說」。英語為母語的小朋友在不認識字之前,由於豐富的英語環境讓他們能夠先聽得懂單字,自然能夠分辨affect和effect發音之不同。因此,他們不需要KK音標來輔助學習,而是靠自然發音學習法(Phonics)來習得單字。然而,自然發音法在亞洲的英語教育仍存在著許多問題。許多L2 學生由於先學會認字再來學習發音,但受限的英語環境讓許多人在發聲這兩個字彙時容易混淆。
為了避免相似單字發音的混淆,建議同學可以採用對立體(Minimal pairs)來區分單字的聲音。(註解:Minimal pairs是以單一音節的相似單字來做比較,避免發音之模稜兩可,例如英語學習者常混淆的子音[k]及[g],放於相似的單字來做聲音的比較,舉凡cold & gold, coat & goat等。詳見:http://www.englishclub.com/pronunciation/minimal-pairs.htm)。
老師建議各位同學,在背單字時,先熟悉單字的聲音,並大聲唸出來,千萬不要忽視聽覺記憶的輔助,它是具有影響力的,這也是為什麼Eric老師在提供單字表和時事英文時總會提供錄音檔的原因,為的就是避免同學以錯誤的發音來記誦單字,漸而影響了口說及聽力,同學們不妨可以參考子音的配對來奠定發音基礎。(詳見子音組合: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sYmwStHMezc)
此外,大部分英語單字的讀音和拼寫皆有一定的規律。 特定的字母組合會有固定的發音,比如說,看到deep中的ee組合,我們自然會讀它為[i];看到boat中的oa組合,我們自然會讀它為[o]。(詳見雙母音:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q2Mcmy1se-A) 同學應當透過學習來掌握單字的拼寫及發音,在背誦單字的時候,效率自然提升。至於在做聽力筆記時,也能夠憑著直覺將單字謄寫下來,方能專注於下一句的內容。
當然音韻學也涵蓋了語言的重音 (word stress)、語調 (intonation)、節奏 (rhythm)等。Eric老師日後會再詳述介紹給大家。
英文發音學習資源
有聲和無聲子音: http://blog.sina.com.tw/english_chen/article.php?entryid=615083
母音: http://blog.sina.com.tw/english_chen/article.php?entryid=615063
混合音: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g0F1hYzX0qc
KK 音標表 : http://www.englishclub.com/pronunciation/phonemic-chart-ia.htm
常見發音問題
-L and R sounds
Part 1: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rVSlTyulmqY
Part 2: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q-HDqVSK0LE
-TH sound (Unvoiced): http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yTPfN_Q1G-I
-TH sound (Voiced): http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cbpE6fW4jgo
-ed sound for regular past tense verbs explanation: http://www.englishclub.com/pronunciation/-ed.htm
Video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A7hi-ipU2n0
英語發音百樂篇1: http://homepage.ntu.edu.tw/~karchung/pubs/80_hello_et.pdf
英語發音百樂篇2: http://homepage.ntu.edu.tw/~karchung/pubs/81_hello_et.pdf
英語發音百樂篇3: http://homepage.ntu.edu.tw/~karchung/pubs/82_hello_et.pdf
英語發音百樂篇4: http://homepage.ntu.edu.tw/~karchung/pubs/83_hello_et.pdf
所有音標整理: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-SObetOJ_yY
Vocabulary Words+學習單字的方式: http://goo.gl/D8uxuV
Image source: http://phonology.net/images/c1.jpg
同時也有1部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過7萬的網紅Uncle Siu,也在其Youtube影片中提到,課後練習 /ps/:lips,chips,stops,laps,tips,shops /sps/:crisps,lisps,stops paying,keeps peace 講開又講,美國人叫炸薯條做 fries,叫薯片做 chips。在英國,chips 則指炸薯條(所以炸魚薯條叫...
phonology pronunciation 在 陳凰鳳老師 Facebook 八卦
天大好消息!超級雇主Google!越裔高材生的夢想職務!
陳凰鳳老師代發佈Google在台灣徵求越南母語人才訊息:
目前我們預計開啓約莫一年期的 越南語計劃,參與的人員將加入 Google 語音團隊,協助研發工程師建置及發展 "Vietnamese Text-To-Speech at Google"[1][2] 以及 "Vietnamese Automatic Voice Recognition"[3][4]。這些令人興奮的服務不但將能由 Android 手機上直接啓動[2][4] 提供全球使用者使用,還將間接幫助 Google translate[6] 與教學領域的應用[7]。
所以此次徵才欲聘請 Project Manager (1位) 及 Data Evaluator (3位)。
詳細徵才訊息與如下列(您必須有良好的越南母語與外語能力)
有意願者歡迎儘速投出履歷表給我們
有關越南人士工作許可
由於該計劃將於 "臺灣" 或 "新加坡" 進行, 我們將同時考慮應徵者在此兩地的工作許可,
(A) 基本條件:
1. 越南母語人士
2. 語言相關背景,包括語言學、語言教學、翻譯、編輯、校正等等。
(B) 優先條件:
1. 擁有臺灣或新加坡合法工作許可,需能滿足 8 hr/day 和 5 days/week 的工作時數。
(C) 若無工作簽證,須由公司代辦者,需特別註明於履歷表上。
滿足以下兩項條件者,優先考慮:(應政府要求)
1. 有碩士以上學歷。
2. 大學畢業 + 兩年語言相關工作經驗
Job Description as follows:
Speech Data Evaluator:
Job description:
As a Speech Data Evaluator and a native-level speaker of Vietnamese, you will be part of a team processing large amounts of linguistic data and carrying out a number of tasks to improve the quality of Google’s speech synthesis.
This includes:
- Classifying and annotating linguistic data
- Audio evaluation
- Labeling text for disambiguation, expansion, and text normalization
- Providing phonetic transcription of lexicon entries according to given standards and using in-house tools
Job requirements:
- Native-level speaker of Vietnamese (with good command of the standard dialect) and fluent in English
- Passion for language with good knowledge of orthography and grammar in the target language
- A degree in a language-related field such as linguistics, language teaching, translation, editing, writing, proofreading, or similar
- Keen interest in technology and computer-literate (should feel comfortable using in-house tools and should have an interest in current speech, mobile and online technology)
- Attention to detail and good organizational skills
Project duration: 6-11 months (with potential for extension)
**This is not a permanent position but a contract position through an employment agency. Applicants better are currently authorized to work in Taiwan. Please add a special note if you don't have working permission in Taiwan. Please add a special note if you don't have working permission in Taiwan.**
For immediate consideration, please email your CV and cover letter in English (PDF format preferred) with "Speech Data Evaluator
Application Deadline: (Open until filled)
Email Address for Applications: meiyu@google.com
------------------------
Speech Linguistic Project Manager
As a Linguistic Project Manager and a native-level speaker of Vietnamese, you will oversee and manage all work related to achieving high data quality for speech projects in your own language.
You will be based in London, managing a team of Speech Data Evaluators and working on a number of projects towards TTS synthesis.
This includes:
- Training, managing and overseeing the work of your team
- Creating verbalisation rules, such as expanding URLs, email addresses, numbers
- Creating annotation conventions
- Evaluating data quality
- Providing expertise on pronunciation and phonotactics
- Working with QA tools according to given guidelines and using in-house tools
Job requirements:
- Native-level speaker of Vietnamese (with good command of the standard dialect) and fluent in English
- Must have attended elementary school in the country where the language is spoken
- Keen ear for phonetic nuances and attention to detail; knowledge of the language’s phonology
- Ability to quickly grasp technical concepts; should have an -interest in current speech, mobile, and online technology
- Excellent oral and written communication skills
- Good organizational skills
- Previous project management and people management experience
- Previous experience with speech/NLP-related projects a plus
- Advanced degree in Linguistics preferred; experience with Computational Linguistics a plus
- Also a plus: proficiency with HTML, XML, and some programming language; previous experience working in a Linux environment
Project duration: 6-11 months (with potential for extension)
**This is not a permanent position but a contract position through an employment agency. Applicants better are currently authorized to work in Taiwan.**
For immediate consideration, please email your CV and cover letter in English (PDF format preferred) with “Speech Linguistic Project Manager
Email Address for applications: mailto:tts_jobs@google.com
========================================================
Reference:
Google text-to-speech
[1] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Text-to-Speech
[2] https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.google.android.tts
Google voice search
[3] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Voice_Search
[4] https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.google.android.voicesearch
Google translate:
[5] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Translate
[6] https://translate.google.com/
Application in education:
[7] http://www.freetech4teachers.com/2011/09/speak-it-text-to-speech-in-google.html#.VQZ7KHV7jUa
========================================================
phonology pronunciation 在 Uncle Siu Youtube 的評價
課後練習
/ps/:lips,chips,stops,laps,tips,shops
/sps/:crisps,lisps,stops paying,keeps peace
講開又講,美國人叫炸薯條做 fries,叫薯片做 chips。在英國,chips 則指炸薯條(所以炸魚薯條叫 fish and chips),而一包包的薯片叫 crisps。
蕭愷一
後記:今次畫功進步了吧? 嘿嘿
http://hk.myblog.yahoo.com/siu82english/article?mid=17945

phonology pronunciation 在 French - Phonology/Pronunciation/Spelling - Pinterest 的八卦
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