【 小英的哥大演講 】
前兩天蔡英文 Tsai Ing-wen 總統在哥倫比亞大學Columbia University in the City of New York 的演講感動了許多人,我也一直想要跟大家好好分享對這篇講稿的心得。想歸想,但卻沒時間動筆。
一直到昨天,BBC 中文網(繁體) 有篇談這場演講的報導(後面有一小段引用了對我的訪問),然後發達資本主義時代的打油詩人 跟我在臉書上聊這件事。我們兩個雖然都很想談談這篇講稿,但週末都忙著同一件事:帶小孩(他帶他的、我帶我的)。但再不寫大概就沒人想談了,所以只好趁現在小孩睡覺後開始寫。
前天我曾經在臉書上請大家好好讀這篇講稿,中文英文都要看。有關中文的部分,朱宥勳 已經有很精彩的寫作技巧分析,大家可以去看看。
這一篇貼文會從英文文稿(這場演講是以英文進行的)跟一些比較宏觀的角度切入。
✍️為什麼是紐約?為什麼是哥大?
很多人都知道小英總統是英國倫敦政經學院的博士(好吧,有些人到現在還在懷疑),小英講英文時也有很雋永的英國腔,但大家比較容易忽略的是,紐約(美國)才是她第一個異鄉求學的地方。她當時就讀康乃爾大學Cornell University ,位於紐約州的漂亮小城Ithaca。
所以也許不難想像紐約這個大城市,在當時對一個在台北長大的乖乖牌學生,所產生的人生衝擊。小英不但順利拿到碩士學位,還考過了全美難考的紐約州律師考試(美國的律師考試是不同地方分開考的,難易不一,比較難的一般來說是紐約、芝加哥跟加州)。我想紐約對於小英來說,是充滿許多回憶的。
小英在紐約的公開演講曾說:「這是她第一次以中華民國總統的身份造訪紐約」。從這個背景來看小英的英文講稿,不難發現,前四段事實上是給紐約客(New Yorker)的溫暖起手式:
✍️Receiving an invitation to speak here from such a vanguard of free speech and diversity is actually quite an honor.
能受邀來這所以言論自由及多元包容著稱的校園座談,我實在備感榮幸。
🐶小英在演講的第一句話,就點出了紐約這城市對她的意義:言論自由、多元。
為什麼要特別講這一點?因為她當年就讀Cornell時,台灣發生了美麗島事件跟林宅血案。你可以想像,在多元自由的紐約校園,卻聽到家鄉發生重大事件,內心有多震撼。
✍️ I graduated from Cornell Law School in 1980, and I have to say, being back on a New York campus brings back many memories. Though I’m sure many of you would say that any campus outside of New York City is not really part of New York.
我在1980年畢業於康乃爾大學,再度回到久違的紐約校園,勾起我許多的回憶。雖然,或許在場有人會說,任何紐約市以外的校園都不能算是紐約。
🐶這一段是insider joke,非紐約人可能看不懂,紐約人聽到應該笑呵呵。為什麼?前面已經說了,Cornell位於紐約州的Ithaca,但不是位於紐約市內,所以這個笑話是小英的自嘲:我知道我念的學校沒有位於紐約市(New York City)內,你們一定覺得那不能算是「紐約校園」。說白了,這有點像是天龍國笑話或是「天母是天龍中的天龍」之類的。
講到這,看看哥大的臉書名稱:Columbia University in the City of New York (位於紐約市的哥倫比亞大學),不覺得很幽默嗎?這是在開其他沒有位於紐約市(也許位於紐約州)大學的玩笑。(你能想像台大的臉書名稱說「位於台北的台大」嗎?)
✍️However, I actually lived in the city in the summer of 1979, when I was doing research work for a professor at the East Asia Institute of Columbia University. Later on, I passed the New York Bar examination here, and visited the city from time to time, sometimes on my way to Washington DC for trade negotiations.
然而我在1979年夏天曾經真正住過紐約,協助哥倫比亞大學東亞研究所的一位教授做研究。而我在通過紐約州律師考試後,就更常走訪紐約,有時是在前往華府做貿易談判時會經過紐約。
🐶接續上一段的笑點,打鐵趁熱,小英為自己的「紐約經驗」多加一點正當性。她說她當時曾經協助哥倫比亞大學東亞研究所的一位教授做研究。哥大位於紐約市內,這下總不能說我不是紐約人了吧?
✍️Life in New York in the 1980s was eye opening for a young law student from not quite democratized Taiwan. Diversity and different perspectives were the norm, and looking out across the lecture hall today, I am glad to see that has not changed.
對一個來自當時尚未完全民主化的臺灣的法律系學生來說,1980年代的紐約生活真的令我眼界大開,多元化和不同的見解竟然才是正常。我很高興,從這講台放眼望出去,一切都如此熟悉,絲毫未曾改變。
🐶這一段,事實上講的是台灣當時還沒解嚴,而且發生了美麗島事件。小英講的委婉,沒有指名道姓,只說台灣當時尚未完全民主化。
以上四段,是非常成功的破冰(ice-breaking)。破冰是公共演講的重要技巧,做得好,能夠化解一開始的尷尬與緊張,並連結講者與聽眾的關係。開場做得好,也有助接下來的演講氣氛跟節奏的掌握。
所以好的幕僚真的很重要,也真的能讓你上天堂。幕僚寫稿的功力也在這裡,帶出個人情感(personal touch),讓老闆掌握演講節奏,這是需要專業訓練的。
✍️In the early days of our political transition, some said democracy could not survive in China’s shadow. And Taiwan is now home to a thriving democratic society and political system.
我們在政治轉型初期,很多人說在中國陰影的籠罩下,我們的民主不可能存活下來。然而,現在臺灣已然成為民主社會和政治制度蓬勃發展的居所。
🐶我喜歡survive in China's shadow這個詞的用法,這可以提醒聽眾,今日許多國家,甚至包括美國,都還在擔憂中國的銳實力(sharp power)。西方國家對於要不要禁用華為爭論不休,也可以視為一種中國的陰影。
✍️Some said a resource-poor island of only 23 million people could not become a major economic player. Yet we are now the United States’ 11th largest trade partner.
有人說,人口只有兩千三百萬而且資源匱乏的小島,無法成為經濟的主要推手,然而現在我們已經變成美國的第11大貿易夥伴了。
🐶這是很漂亮的對比,從資源匱乏的小國變成美國的重要貿易夥伴。
✍️Some said progressive values could not take root in East Asian society. Yet I stand here before you as Taiwan’s first woman president, and this year we became the first country in Asia to legalize same-sex marriage.
有人說,先進的價值觀無法於東亞社會生根。但今天,我是以臺灣第一位女總統的身分站在各位面前,而今年臺灣也已經躍為亞洲第一個同婚合法的國家。
🐶progressive這個字,我習慣翻譯成「進步」,但總統府的翻譯為「先進」。這一段很生動的描繪了台灣在性別平權上的進展,對台灣的形象是很好的宣傳。
✍️In short, Taiwan’s story is one of seemingly improbable success. Many call Taiwan a “democratic miracle,” but I don’t believe in miracles. I believe in the will of the people, and their vision for a better world.
簡言之,臺灣就是在不可能的環境下成就了可能。許多人稱臺灣為「民主奇蹟」,但我不是奇蹟的信徒。我相信的是人民的意志,以及對更美好未來的願景。
🐶「奇蹟的信徒」在中文是個華麗的修辭,但英文用的是大家國中都學過的文法:believe 是相信,believe in 是信仰。有沒有 in 差很多。
✍️We are seeing this threat in action right now in Hong Kong. Faced with no channel to make their voices heard, young people are taking to the streets to fight for their democratic freedoms. And the people of Taiwan stand with them.
我們看到這個威脅正在衝擊香港,年輕人沒有管道發聲,只好走上街頭為民主自由拼搏。我們臺灣人民決心和他們站在一起。
Hong Kong’s experience under “one country, two systems” has shown the world once and for all that authoritarianism and democracy cannot coexist.
香港的「一國兩制」經驗,向世界明白揭破了獨裁和民主無法共存的事實。
🐶沒有任何一個場合,比台灣總統親自在美國談香港逃犯條例的議題更適合了。這一點我相信能贏得很多聽眾共鳴。如果真的要挑剔的話,我也許會思考一個問題:加上新疆集中營或甚至西藏議題,會不會比較好?加跟不加都各有利弊,也許文稿小組最後決定讓演講更聚焦。
✍️You begin to censor your own speech, your own thoughts. You no longer discuss current events with your friends, for fear of being overheard. You spend more time looking over your shoulder than you spend looking towards the future.
你開始審查自己的言論和想法,不再和朋友討論時事,因為害怕被竊聽,大部分時間都提心吊膽的前瞻後顧,根本無法好好面對未來。
🐶我喜歡這一段的節奏。也因為這一段,我猜測這篇講稿應該是「以英文寫成,再翻譯成中文」,而非「以中文寫成,再翻譯成英文」。為什麼?因為You spend more time looking over your shoulder than you spend looking towards the future. 用了前面跟後面的修辭。
✍️Our story is one of perseverance, of a commitment to democracy against all odds.
我們的故事是堅毅不撓的故事,是力抗萬難,堅守民主的故事。
Ours is a story of why values do still matter. The cultural and political differences across the Taiwan Strait only grow wider by the day; and each day that Taiwan chooses freedom of speech, human rights, the rule of law, is a day that we drift farther from the influences of authoritarianism.
我們的故事在訴說,為什麼核心價值如此的重要。臺海兩岸在文化及政治上的歧異日趨擴大。臺灣選擇言論自由、人權及法治的每一天,都讓我們與獨裁政權漸行漸遠。
🐶Against all odds 強調台灣民主及經濟發展難能可貴。
A story of why values do still matter. 強調台灣跟中國最大的差異:價值。
✍️Authoritarian governments seek to exploit press freedoms unique to democratic societies to sow dissent among us. They hope to make us question our political systems and lose faith in democracy.
獨裁政府企圖利用民主社會的新聞自由,在我們之間挑撥對立,要讓我們懷疑我們的政治制度,好讓我們對民主失落信心。
Taiwan has been on the frontlines of this battle for years, and we have a great deal of experiences to offer to the world.
臺灣多年來一直站在這場戰爭的前線,我們有太多經驗可以與世界分享。
🐶這一段強調台灣在全球資訊戰的價值及經驗,凸顯台灣是美國重要盟邦的重要性。
✍️But democracy faces other challenges as well, especially in the form of economic enticements with hidden strings attached.
然而民主還面臨其他挑戰,特別是暗藏算計的經濟誘惑。
🐶這在講什麼?包括中國對台灣的統戰,也包括中國對其他國家的一帶一路及所帶來的債權陷阱(debt trap)。
✍️So to all the people who ask me how to make the choice between democracy and economic growth, I say the choice is clear: the two are inseparable.
很多人問我如何在民主與經濟成長之間作出抉擇,我的答案很清楚,就是:兩者密不可分。
History tells us that democracies are strongest when united, and weakest when divided.
歷史告訴我們,民主國家團結時最強,分裂時最弱。
🐶這邊改寫了英文寫作常用的名言錦句:United we stand, divided we fall。寫得很漂亮,沒話說。
😄😄😄
我只挑了一些段落跟大家分享,希望大家喜歡,也算是完成發達資本主義時代的打油詩人 交代給我的任務。
忘了說,哥大的黎安友(Andrew Nathan)教授是小英這次訪紐約的靈魂人物,他是友台派中國通的祖師爺級人物,台灣許多教授及政治人物都上過他的課。我在清大就讀中國研究碩士時,Andy(我們都這麼稱呼他)也來清大上過短期講座,現在回想起來,當時能在新竹上他的課真的太幸福了(畢竟清大不在紐約市,學費也不能跟長春藤盟校相比😂)。
半夜兩點了,來睏。(發文的霎那,螢幕跳出喬帥擊敗費爸的新聞,我整個錯過了比賽....😭)
Ps. 本篇文章謝謝打油詩人給我一些靈感,但如果有寫錯的地方,文責當然自負。
(本篇引用的中英文講稿內容來自中華民國總統府官網)
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first at all用法 在 林柏妤 Facebook 八卦
埔里有好天氣、好水與美女😏😏
過往興盛的紙業,即使沒落,如今卻用不同方式呈現在大家面前👍🏻
#timefortaiwan
台灣是亞洲之心,台灣之心在哪裡呢?
Taiwan is the Heart of Asia. Where is the Heart of Taiwan?
埔里!
Puli!
2016-2017 Episode 22 Sun Moon Lake Route(2) 埔里走透透(南投)
Transcript 影片文字稿:
歡迎來到台灣,我是林柏妤,我熱愛旅行,也喜歡在台灣趴趴走
Welcome to TAIWAN, I am Poyu Lin ,I love to travel,love wandering around Taiwan
現在,我要搭乘台灣好行,去這個美麗的小鎮-埔里!
NOW we are taking the Taiwan Tourist Shuttles to a lovely little town called Puli!
這個地方可以用三個W來介紹,氣候、美女、以及水質,這裡的氣候宜人,女生漂亮,還有優質的天然泉水
You can use the three W’s describe; Weather, Women, and Water. It has wonderful weather, beautiful women, and crystal clear waters.
埔里盆地匯集了中央山脈純淨的水源,尤其愛蘭這個地方,其泉水更清澈甘甜,埔里酒廠用它來釀造紹興酒,沒想到一炮而紅,從此,紹興成了埔里的代名詞。
Puli is where the waters from many springs in the Central Mountains converge. Ailan, outside of Puli, has especially clear and sweet mineral water, which Puli Winery uses to brew Shao-Hsing Wine. The wine was such a hit that the beverage has become a byword for Puli.
紹興是一種琥珀色的釀造酒,其實我沒有喝過
Shao-Hsing is a amber colour rice wine,actually I never tasted it before,
很獨特的味道
It has a very uniquee.
我覺得年紀大一點的人應該會喜歡
I think people who are more elderly would like this.
紹興酒是由糯米、蓬萊米和小麥所釀造而成,不習慣喝酒的人,可以嚐嚐這裡開發的紹興酒食品,或者逛逛,全台灣第一間酒文化館,都是不錯的選擇。
Shao-Hsing Wine is made with sticky rice, Calrose rice, and wheat. Those that don’t drink can still try it as an ingredient in various foods, or visit Taiwan’s first venue dedicated to drinking culture.
除了拿來釀酒,埔里的好水還能用來做另外一種物品,沒錯,就是紙!
Besides wine Another interesting thing you can use the water to make is this! That’s right, paper!
埔里的手工造紙業,從清末時期就開始有了,當時主要的原料是竹子和稻草,製造的是一種品質粗糙的紙。
Puli’s handmade paper industry goes back to the end of the Qing Dynasty, when bamboo and straw were used to make a very coarse type of paper.
在日據時代因為發現埔里有乾淨的水,所以在當時這裡造紙業很興盛。因為特有的水質,使得紙張不會容易變黃與碎裂,對於藝術家來說,畫作有了更好的保存性
In Japanese occupation,they found Puli have pure water.So they be set here many factories to make paper.Because the clean water,it make the paper won't become yellow, hard, and broken.So the artests can put their works a long time.
1980年,是埔里手工造紙的全盛時期,但是隨著環境的變遷,現在只剩下少數業者,仍堅持著這項文化的傳承與保存。
In 1980’s was the peak of the handmade paper industry in Puli, but because of advances in technology, there’s only a few firms left to preserve and pass on this cultural legacy.
這裡有各種的DIY課程,我現在體驗的是拓印
There are all types of DIY course. I am making a Stone rubbing.
遊客在這裡,可以透過造紙、玩紙,進而重新認識紙,但為了顛覆人們對於紙的基本認知,這家紙廠還有一個更創新的點子,讓遊客感受紙的全新用法。
Here, tourists can make and play with paper, rediscovering meaning in a product that everyone gets to know at an early age. this paper factory has come up with a unique way to give visitors a whole new take on paper.
我準備要來享受我的下午茶,我的餐點快要來了
I am getting ready to enjoy my teatime, what I order, Is comeing?
請享用
Excuse me
開動囉!你看這是紙,沒錯 我準備要吃的就是紙
Here we go, paper, I am going to eatpaper,that’s right
這口味是薑耶
It has ginger flavors
脆脆的!
Crunch
是筊白筍!好特別
Wow~it’s Water bamboo shoots,so special
埔里還有一個相當有名的景點,那就是紙教堂,這座教堂原建於日本1995年阪神大地震後,為撫慰災民所興建的,設計者是日本建築師坂茂,在使用十年後經拆解、搬遷,來到了埔里。
Another popular attraction in Puli is the Paper Dome. Built in Japan after the Great Hanshin Earthquake in 1995, the paper structure designed as a church by Japanese architect Shigeru Ban was disassembled after 10 years and moved to Puli.
紙教堂不但搭起了台灣和日本的友誼之橋,也成了埔里的地標之一,有機會的話,一定要來看看,我是林柏妤,我們下次見
The Paper Dome didn’t just built the friendship between Taiwan and Japan, it also became a landmark in Puli. You must come see,if you have chance.I am Poyu Lin, enjoy your time in Taiwan! Chow~see you next time.
first at all用法 在 Eric's English Lounge Facebook 八卦
[專頁公告] 英文學習「生態系」更新
English Learning Ecosystem Update
As I began exploring Instagram, I struggled to find a way to deliver useful academic content. Instagram posts typically focus on images, short clips, and concise text, which are attention grabbing but not always entirely conducive to language learning. I looked over the posts of established Instagram English learning accounts, and experimented with vocabulary posts and even news posts for a couple of weeks. Not wanting to post just images, I thought about creating something new even with the rigid format of the platform.
當我開始研究怎麼用IG,我想盡了各種辦法,希望能提供大家一些實用的學術內容。 IG 的特色著重在圖片、短片以及簡潔的文字,這樣的方式雖然很容易引人注目,卻不全然有助於語言學習。我瀏覽了 IG 上英文教學網紅的貼文,並在這幾週嘗試發了一些學術單字與新聞相關的文章。我並不想只是發一些圖片,而思考著要如何在既有框架下創作一些新的東西。
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A tenet of using tech in education is to engage students with what they are familiar with, not give them an entirely new platform that is difficult to use. So, how could I create a new series of Instagram posts that is both educational and unique? I thought about my goal to disseminate academic English resources, and how I could leverage my experience as a curriculum writer and voice recording artist for public school textbooks.
一個使用科技進行教育的原則是用學生熟悉的方式與他們互動,而非用了全新的平台卻使他們難以學習。那麼,我應該如何創作獨特且具教育意義的一系列全新 IG 發文呢?我想到了我傳遞學術英文資源的目標,以及思考到該如何發揮身為教科書編輯者與音頻錄製者的經驗。
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So far, this is what I have at the moment. I will post Word of the Day (每日一詞), high frequency vocabulary words that you see in academic texts and sometimes on the news. These Tier 2 academic vocabulary words are not exclusive to a single domain and complement the theme-based approach I’ve taken with my mind-mapping vocabulary class. You can find other vocabulary learning methods here.
這是我目前所想到的內容:我會發布「每日一詞」,也就是學術文章或是新聞中有時出現的高頻字彙。這些Tier 2學術詞彙並不限於單個領域,更補充了我在心智圖詞彙攻略課程中採用的主題式學習法。你還可以在下面網站找到其他詞彙學習方法。
🎓 詞彙學習方法:http://bit.ly/2JGXKvK
In these posts, I added the pronunciation, collocation, and example sentences of each word for students. These words will be helpful to university-level students who often read academic texts and the news. Students can access them by simply clicking on the hashtag 學術英語單字.
在這些貼文中,我為學生提供了發音、搭配用法和例句。這些單字會對經常閱讀學術文章和新聞的大學程度學生有所幫助。學生只要點貼文上的#學術英語單字即可看到貼文。
🎓 學術英文單字: https://bit.ly/3cxH091
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To help students use more precise and common academic phrases, I then added Academic Phrases (每日一句), set phrases that appear in both academic speech and writing. These phrases have varying functions from introducing a topic to comparing and contrasting ideas. There is a difference between speech and writing, so I picked words that could be used for both. If one is used only in a specific context, I will make note of it in the video recording. This series of posts will help students with language output, and can be found under the following hashtag 學術英語片語.
為了幫助學生使用更精準、更道地的常見學術用語,我們接著會進入「每日一句」,也就是在學術演說與寫作中常見的用語。這些片語具有不同的功能,範圍涵蓋介紹主題到比較、對比想法等等。而演講和寫作之間也有不同,所以我選擇了都可以使用的片語。如果只能在特定情況下使用,我會在影片中特別說明。該系列文章將會幫助學生提高語言輸出能力,可以在 # 學術英語片語找到。
🎓 學術英文片語: https://bit.ly/3aqaQcP
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Last, I will follow up with an abridged version of breaking news (時事英文) with high frequency collocations and audio recordings. This will provide students with the input of not only individual words, but how to use them in output (speech and writing) with context. While all these news posts might seem independent at first, I will eventually link and organize them by theme when there are enough posts. Along with my news class, these extra posts will help students stay aware of current events, acquire set phrases used in journalism, and develop critical thinking. These posts can currently be found under the hashtag EEL時事英文.
最後,我們會跟進精簡版的「時事英文」,其中包含高頻搭配詞與錄音資料。這些內容不僅可以提供你們輸入單字,而且可以幫助你們知道如何搭配情境輸出,再將這些內容使用在口說與寫作中。這些貼文一開始雖然看似獨立,當素材足夠後我會再將他們進行連結與整理。這些貼文和我的新聞課程將幫助學生維持對時事的敏銳度,掌握新聞中使用的固定用法,並養成批判性思維。這些貼文目前可以在 # EEL時事英文。
🎓 批判性思考問題大全: http://bit.ly/34rdtJ7
🎓 EEL時事英文: https://bit.ly/36tDusv
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There is a lot more I want to do to create an ecosystem of free academic English learning materials. I will continue modifying our post format to meet your needs, but these are my plans for Instagram thus far. Join us on our journey to make bilingual academic English resources more readily available to all! Let’s continue to learn and grow together!
建立免費的學術英文學習系統是件大工程,我會持續修改我們發文的格式以符合你們的需求與習慣,這些只是我目前 IG 學術英語學習計畫的一部分。加入我們的旅程來讓雙語的學術英文資源更加普及!讓我們一起學習與成長!
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🎓 學術英文單字: https://bit.ly/3cxH091
🎓 學術英文片語: https://bit.ly/3aqaQcP
🎓 EEL時事英文: https://bit.ly/36tDusv
🎓 批判性思考問題大全:http://bit.ly/34rdtJ7
🎓 該如何學習英文?http://bit.ly/3inxdCP