[文法與詞彙Q&A] because, because of, due to, since, for 的區別
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同學在學習時, 常會把相同意思、用法的字放在一起學習。同時也相當依賴線上英漢字典的便利性。儘管這樣的學習很方便,但常造成單字正確意思的混淆。這樣子的做法短期內雖然可以幫助同學培養對這一連串字的模糊概念,可是會失去單字本身一些比較精確的定義和內含意義。而且這些中譯都相同的詞彙中文為母語的考生在使用上,稍微一不注意,就容易錯誤使用。
建議同學學習新的單字時,必須釐清每一個字的用法,用多種字典和文章去理解質單字的詞性、 搭配詞、和單字的字面上的意義 (denotation)及象徵性的意義 (connotation)。學習新單字的進階步驟,我建議可以透過閱讀相關議題的學術文章。從上下文的邏輯加深對單字和詞彙的認知,並把認知字彙變成應用詞彙。同時, 切記要大量反覆使用,這樣不管是在托福 (TOEFL) 雅思 (IELTS) 或SAT寫作時,避免這些錯誤影響你文章的的連貫(coherence and cohesion)、清晰(clarity)、流暢(fluency)!
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回歸主題: because、 because of、due to、 since、 for 的區別
從句子結構方面:
-because + 從屬子句
-because of + 名詞或名詞片語
-since + 從屬子句
-due to + 名詞或名詞片語
-for 通常是當介系詞,當對等連接詞時可接子句
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從幾個詞本身的意義方面:
1. because 是導致某結果的直接原因,一般是有這樣的因才有那樣的果。We didn't enjoy the day because the weather was so awful.
2. for 通常是先果後因,一般前面是猜測,後面for提供依據。for 引導的子句一般不放在句子的開頭。
It must have rained last night, for the ground is still wet.
We listened eagerly, for he brought news of our families.
3. due to 向來是形容詞,作介詞不是傳統用法,而作容詞的due to只可用在be (或is、was等be的變體)之後,例如﹕
His failure was due to his laziness.
"Due to his laziness (adjectival phrase)" is modifying "his failure."
4. because of 是複合介詞,其後接名詞、代詞、動名詞、what 從句等。*
I feel cold now because of the freezing AC.
"because of the freezing AC (adverbial prepositional phrase)" is modifying/explaining "I feel cold now."
*due to + 名詞 = because of + 名詞
In modern English, due to n. = because of n.; however, some grammar nazis may hunt you down and lecture you for hours if you commit this "mistake."
Source: http://words.journalism.ku.edu/because.html
5. since 多為陳述性的事實,相當於“既然”:
Since you are busy, I will go without you.
Since the earth is round, why don't we fall off it?
*http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/learningenglish/grammar/learnit/learnitv27.shtml
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學習單字的方式 (Vocabulary Words): http://goo.gl/dESCms
because of, owing to, on account of, thanks to 的區別
https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=485392008217610
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Sources:
http://bulo.hujiang.com/question/99037/
http://grammar.quickanddirtytips.com/because-due-to-since-as.aspx
http://lsdnes.pixnet.net/blog/post/33025574-because,because-of,since,due-to,for之間的區別
http://www.indiastudychannel.com/experts/16771-what-difference-between-because-due.aspx
http://oald8.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/dictionary/due
http://oald8.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/dictionary/because+of#because
Image source: http://tourdash.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Start_With_Why.jpg
due day用法 在 EN English Facebook 八卦
不能不懂!想想自己一天講幾次:因為, 由於...because, for, due to, because of, since! 技巧:不用全會, 至少選兩個弄懂。
1. because 是導致某結果的直接原因,一般是有這樣的因才有那樣的果。We didn’t enjoy the day because the weather was so awful.
2. for 通常是先果後因,一般前面是猜測,後面for提供依據。for 引導的子句一般不放在句子的開頭。
It must have rained last night, for the ground is still wet.
We listened eagerly, for he brought news of our families.
3. due to 向來是形容詞,作介詞不是傳統用法,而作容詞的due to只可用在be (或is、was等be的變體)之後,例如﹕
His failure was due to his laziness.
“Due to his laziness (adjectival phrase)" is modifying “his failure."
4. because of 是複合介詞,其後接名詞、代詞、動名詞、what 從句等。*
I feel cold now because of the freezing AC.
“because of the freezing AC (adverbial prepositional phrase)" is modifying/explaining “I feel cold now."
*due to + 名詞 = because of + 名詞
In modern English, due to n. = because of n.; however, some grammar nazis may hunt you down and lecture you for hours if you commit this “mistake."
Source: http://words.journalism.ku.edu/because.html
5. since 多為陳述性的事實,相當於“既然”:
Since you are busy, I will go without you.
Since the earth is round, why don’t we fall off it?
due day用法 在 喬的英文筆記 Joe's English Learning Notes Facebook 八卦
喬今天要深入探討 Since, Due, Despite 的用法,這三者在日常生活中也是特別常見但也較難的字彙。
** Since
☛ 此後,從此
- from a particular time in the past until a later time, or until now
例:Victor had an illegal business in Seoul. He was caught one day and we haven’t seen him since.
(勝利在首爾有違法生意。當他被警察抓了之後,我們再也沒看過他。)
☛ 自從、從...以後 + 【時間】: from a particular time in the past until a later time, or until now
例:Joseph has been crazy about Bigbang since last year.
(喬瑟夫自從去年以後,就對BigBang很瘋狂。)
☛ 因為、既然
- because; as
例:Since there are lots of men behind the scene, what Victor said could not be what he had wanted to say.
(既然有這麼多在幕後的人,勝利所說的可能不是他真的想說的。)
** Due
☛ 預計的,預期的
- expected to happen, arrive, etc. at a particular time
例:When is the investigation for the night club due?
(對那間夜店調查的預期時間為何?)
☛ 由於,因為+ to
- because of
例:Victor is suspected of an illegal business due to a fierce fight in his club.
(因為一場在他經營夜店的紛爭,勝利被懷疑涉嫌非法生意。)
☛ 欠債的,應支付的,應給的
- owned as a debt or as a right
例:The rent is due at the end of the month.
(租金應該在月底繳納。)
*** be due for sth 理應獲得...,理應收到...
例:Victor is due for a promotion because of his outstanding business strategy.
(勝利應該很快要升職了,因為他傑出的商務策略。)
** despite
☛ 不管,儘管,無論:
- without taking any notice of or being influenced by; not prevented by
例:Despite his retirement announcement, it is believed that Victor will make a comeback in years.
(儘管他的退出宣言,人們仍然相信勝利會在幾年後再次復出。)
例:Victor could not manage to hide the truth despite having so many connections.
(儘管他有這麼多人脈,勝利也無法成功隱藏事實。)
*** despite yourself 不由自主地、忍不住地
例:Caroline went on a date with her ex boyfriend despite herself.
(凱瑞蘭不由自主地與她前男友約了會。)
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