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#如果IF 係英文黎講大致上分4 types
「如果可以贏到支飛機筆」大賽呢個如果係有可能嘅如果，所以就會用Type 1 IF sentence (Simple Present + Simple Future)
例句：If I win this competition, I will give this pen to Nancy Ming because no one has ever wanted a pen so badly.
★★ 第二波 ---服貿議題單字＋句型篇 ★★
--例句取自經濟學人 (The Economist) & 時代雜誌 (TIME) & Bloomberg
(1) hunger-strike 絕食抗議 (hunger-striker 絕食抗議者)
e.g. Three legislators from the main opposition, the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP), started 70-hour HUNGER-STRIKES just before the occupation.
(2)
sit-in 靜坐抗議
to break a promise 不守信
e.g. The SIT-IN was PROVOKED by what the DPP sees as the KMT’s BREAKING of its PROMISE to allow a parliamentary committee to review the agreement clause by clause.
(3) hand advantage to 對～有利益
e.g. Demonstrators say the draft deals HAND too much economic ADVANTAGE TO China.
(4) barricade (v.) 堵住
e.g. The students have BARRICADED the doors with chairs.
(5) a 9% president 支持率 (approval rating) 9% 的總統
(6) to BOOST cross-strait ties 加強兩岸關係
(7) lopsided (a.) 不對等
e.g. The DPP argues the agreement will hurt small businesses on Taiwan and is LOPSIDED in some of its market-opening measures (開放市場的措施).
(8) to be dependent economically on the mainland
在經濟上倚賴對岸
(9) sluggish economy 發展停滯不前的經濟
e.g. The economy is still, by local standards, sluggish.
---經濟停滯不前的動詞使用 stagnate (v.)
(10)
heavy-handed (a.) 手段拙劣、強硬的
circumvent (v.) 回避
e.g. President Ma Ying-jeou should apologize for the HEAVY-HANDED tactics his party has used to CIRCUMVENT a detailed review of a trade deal with China.
(11) repel (v.) 驅趕
e.g. ATTEMPTS by police to enter the chamber and REPEL students in the early hours of this morning FAILED, with the situation remaining mostly peaceful during today, she said.
(12)
express opposition 表達反對
impending competition 即將面對的競爭
in light of 有鑒於 (=given)
e.g. Trade groups representing beauticians and traditional medicine retailers, among other affected industries, EXPRESSED OPPOSITION in the months following the signing, saying they weren’t properly informed or supported by the administration in light of (考量到、有鑑於) IMPENDING competition from Chinese business.
【我愛英文單字篇】
其實英文單字並不是我的強項，由我鼓吹練習閱讀時不要查單字就可得知。某些單字，尤其是副詞或形容詞，我常常只由上下文推測它是正面或負面意思，並不知道確切的意思。可是這個做法是有原因的：英文單字本來就有分「等級」，其實是常用度，有些字典會在常用字前面打三顆星，有些一顆都沒有。所以背單字的時候其實要勢利一點，三顆星表示會常常碰到，要優先背，知道用法與衍生字，沒有星的表示有這個單字但不常遇到，認得就可以，有閒暇時間再深入研究。
以下整理我認為背單字時的要領：
1. 例句：
背單字時務必要看例句，學用法，尤其是具有多重用法的單字。隨便舉一個例子，represent 是代表的意思，這個字究竟可以「代表」多少東西，又該怎麼用？根據劍橋英語辭典的例句有下列定義與用法：
a. to speak, act, or be present officially for another person or people:
They chose a famous barrister to represent them in court.
I sent my husband to represent me at the funeral.
Women were poorly represented at the conference.
b. to be the Member of Parliament, or of Congress, etc. for a particular area:
Ed Smythe represents Barnet.
c. to be the person from a country, school, etc. that is in a competition:
She was chosen to represent France at the Olympics.
d. to express or complain about something, to a person in authority:
We represented our grievances/demands to the boss.
e. to show or describe something or someone:
The statue represents St. George killing the dragon.
This new report represents the current situation in our schools.
f. to be a sign or symbol of something:
To many people the White House represents the identity of the United States.
g. to be the result of something, or to be something:
This book represents ten years of thought and research.
The new offer represented an increase of 10 percent on the previous one.
以上這些例句顯示這個單字除了「代表」之外還有「代理」、「代表選民」、「提出」、「描述」、「象徵」等意義，詳讀例句不止有助理解單字的正確用法，還有它的廣泛意思，若在閱讀及其他地方看到這個單字時能加深印象。
2. 衍生字
衍生字就是單字的親戚，單字家族，例如represent的家族包括representable、representation、representational、representative、通常在字典相近處，用一樣的方法研究例句與用法，背單字時順便認識整家人，不一定要同時背下來，但至少知道有這些變化，遇到的時候會有印象。
3. 上下文（context）
有些單字的多重意思乍看之下八竿子打不著關係，其實暗藏玄機，例如terminal、 terminate、termination可以用在完全不同的領域。
Terminate 是動詞（好啦名詞就是terminator），是終結的意思，terminal當名詞有「終點站」的意思（王爾德拿來取笑某人在車站出生），飛機航廈也是terminal，電腦終端機也是terminal。當形容詞則是「末期的」（terminal cancer）。terminate 除了有「終結某事」的意思（terminate the contract），也用在形容終止妊娠（terminate the pregnancy）。所以termination 是abortion的另一個用法。學到這個字時就順便學非人工流產是miscarriage（懷孕失敗），衍生詞是miscarriage of justice（司法不公）。
記住「單字家族」和「多重意義」這兩個特性，遇到貌似熟悉的單字時藉由上下文「推測」單字的意思，而非直接查字典，或推測過後再查字典求證，會比直接查字典更印象深刻。
4. 以中文大量吸取知識
所謂知識包括一般知識與專長領域或興趣。當然，要用英文也可以，只是這部分用中文比較快。這是我覺得最重要的一點，有時候，單字背不起很可能是因為連這個單字的中文意思都不確定，不知道背景故事，或不知道那個概念的來源。例如我喜歡看《實習醫生》，所以我對各科別的英文名稱耳熟能詳，如果有人說他的專長是cardiovascular，我就知道cardio是心臟，vascular是血管，加起來就是心血管的。terminal、chronic、acute分別代表「末期」、「慢性病」和「急性」疾病，但terminal illness、chronic disease和acute illness有哪些例子？糖尿病屬於哪一種？闌尾炎屬於哪一種？這是不需要靠英文也可以學得的知識，但在學英文時絕對會有幫助。
如果讀到一篇關於冷戰的英文文章，事先知道冷戰的背景一定比完全不知道要來得容易，也比較容易猜測、記憶單字的意思。
我不知道市面上的英文學習書提供什麼樣的學習建議，以上是我的經驗談。我覺得學英文是多方面齊步並進的，沒有單一訣竅，關鍵在於保持好奇心，把自己當成海綿吸取知識，永遠不嫌多，就會變得很厲害了。
competition例句 在 吉娜單字教室- 競爭英文competitive 發音與實用例句 - YouTube 的八卦
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