【10,000 篇 Biz Emails、學術寫作的體悟:提升英語寫作力,9成台灣學生還差這 3 件事。。。】
在批改台灣學生超過 10,000 篇的不管是「商業書信」、「學術寫作」、還是「檢定考試」的議論文寫作之後,我發現我們最常碰到的寫作問題為:
1️⃣ 賓大華頓商學院教授 Adam Grant 曾經說過:Unclear writing implies unclear thinking. 如果我們中文也說得不清楚或不合邏輯,英文寫作當然反映的只是整體寫作表達的問題。很多時候在編修文章時,不要 bark up the wrong tree (怪到錯的源頭)。問題可能不是英文,很多時候是我們根本還沒想好、理好思緒。
例(a):我們在敘述的是 phenomenon (現象)、problem (問題)、issue (議題)、dilemma (兩難)、controversy (爭議)、observation (觀察)、還是 situation (狀況)? 每個詞彙所代表的意涵不同,不是隨便挑一個用即可。
例(b): They complained about the service. 跟 They complained about the bad service. 哪句話邏輯較合理呢?
2️⃣ 英文寫作的過程,不是只是把想要說的話用字堆砌出來。想到哪,就寫到哪。英文的每一個字很多候都有相對應要求的文法規範或詞語搭配規範,一定要也符合。不注意這些規範,會讓讀我們寫作的人,讀得很辛苦才能找到要點。
(Before) He committed to find the cure about the disease.
(After) He has committed himself to finding the cure for the disease.
✔︎ 只是小小的調整,但有大大的差異。
3️⃣ 寫作不是把一句話一句話中翻英出來,更是「一句話提供條件給下一句話的過程」。如何讓句跟句之間有文意、邏輯緊密度,從1句發展到2句、2句發展到5句、從1段到1頁,從1頁到1份,才是寫作的過程 (不然只是ㄧ句沒有上下文的中翻英)。
在寫作時我們常常要問自己:我上句跟下句之間,有沒有缺什麼要銜接的內容。這樣的內容可能是:
✔︎ more precisely, (更確切地)
✔︎ more specifically, (更細地說)
✔︎ Importantly, (特別重要、值得強調地)
✔︎ In other words, (也就是說)
✔︎ Under these circumstances, (在這樣的狀況之下)
✔︎ Against this backdrop, (在這樣的背景之下)
有時缺的甚至是:
✔︎ To overcome this limitation...(為了克服這樣的限制)
✔︎ In light of the urgent need, (有鑒於這樣的急迫需求)
✔︎ In response to the request, (為了因應這樣的要求)
✔︎ Because of the aforementioned policy, (因為前述的政策)
✔︎ In meeting this requirement, (在符合這樣的需求之中)
要真的「從閱讀當中,學習寫作技巧」,40 年科學研究顯示,「窄式閱讀」(大量閱讀同一主題的文章、書) 比廣泛閱讀 (大量閱讀不同主題的文章) 還要更有效 (Ellis, 2008; Han, 2010; Park, 2014).
在我的線上課程當中,我會帶你學習「窄式學習」的方法。讓你今後學習英文不再受限於教材、媒介 (what),因為你已變成一個知道「怎麼學」(how) 的終極學習者!
✔︎ 全球唯一,窄式學習線上課程連結:https://bit.ly/3dzs608 (限時6折)
同時也有11部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過147萬的網紅Kento Bento,也在其Youtube影片中提到,Official Kento Bento Merch: https://standard.tv/kentobento Support us on Patreon: https://patreon.com/kentobento Twitter: https://twitter.com/kentob...
「bark of tree」的推薦目錄:
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- 關於bark of tree 在 阿鏘的動物日常 Facebook
- 關於bark of tree 在 Step Up English Facebook
- 關於bark of tree 在 Kento Bento Youtube
- 關於bark of tree 在 Survival Skills Primitive Youtube
- 關於bark of tree 在 Survival Skills Primitive Youtube
- 關於bark of tree 在 250 Tree Bark ideas - Pinterest 的評價
bark of tree 在 阿鏘的動物日常 Facebook 八卦
指猴是非常特別的靈長類,不管是長相還是名字都是。
指猴除了大大耳朵和門齒很搶眼外,那兩根突破天際長的無名指更是讓人驚嘆的構造。指猴就是靠中指去敲樹幹,靠靈敏的聽覺找出蟲子位置,再用突出的門齒咬穿樹皮,最後用長無名指把蟲勾出來吃。除了蟲外他們也會吃鳥蛋,這時候指頭就變成沾蛋液的好用工具了~
指猴只生長在專出奇特生物的馬達加斯加,他的名字"Aye-aye",並不是馬島當地的方言有特別意義,而是因為指猴是夜行動物又很少見,當地人也幾乎沒看過,替他命名的博物學家索努拉因為當地人看見指猴時被嚇到喊了"Aye-aye!"而以為這就是牠的名字,於是指猴就變成了哎哎了。
大概是這種情境,我用中文表示一下:
當地人:「啊啊啊啊啊啊!!!!」(嚇到退一邊)
索努拉:「原來這種生物就叫做『啊啊啊啊啊啊』啊!」(筆記)
指猴:「???」
後人:「你搞什麼東西啊索努拉。」
指猴目前亞洲地區只有東京的上野動物園有飼養的樣子,我看過一次,黑到只看得到形狀而已,但隱隱約約覺得那坨影子在對我比中指...啊不對啦那支是無名指!
*一開始以為敲木頭和挖蟲的是一根手指,但甩阿提醒了一下我跑去更新資料了XD指猴是中指很細扁,但最長的手指是無名指~
*指猴名字的來源是看「你們好奇怪啊!」這本書中介紹的,不過也有另一種說法是根據指猴的叫聲來命名~
Aye-ayes Ardrey and Elphaba have #eggsforbreakfast at the DLC!
Because a significant percentage of an aye-aye’s diet consists of insect larvae that dwell inside dead or living trees, the animals have evolved a specialized method for locating the larvae. As they walk along a branch, the animals continuously and rapidly tap it with their middle finger. Cupping their huge ears forward, the aye-aye listens intently to the echoing sounds coming from the tapped tree. When the sound indicates they are above an insect tunnel, the animals begin to tear off enormous chunks of the outer bark with their impressive teeth, until the insect tunnel is revealed. Then the aye-aye inserts its slender and highly flexible third finger into the hole, and when the prey is located, it is hooked with the tip of the finger and removed.
Here, Ardrey and her daughter Elphaba use the same process to eat eggs from their technician, Mel: they tap, chew, then use their long flexible middle fingers to dip into and remove the yolks of the eggs! :D When they finish, the delicate eggshells remain fully intact, except for the small hole created by the aye-ayes’ strong front teeth!
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Big thanks to DLC Primate Technician Mel for filming this amazing video!
bark of tree 在 Step Up English Facebook 八卦
LOẠT THÀNH NGỮ ANH-VIỆT THƯỜNG DÙNG
Ác giả, ác báo = As the call, so the echo
Ai làm, nấy chịu = Who breaks, pays.
Ăn cháo đái bát/ăn cháo đá bát. = Bite the hand that feeds you.
Ăn miếng trả miếng. = A taste of your own Medicine.
Ăn mày mà đòi ăn xôi gấc = beggars can't be choosers
Ăn quả nhớ kẻ trồng cây; Uống nước nhớ nguồn. = Let every man praise the bridge that carries him over
Bần cùng sinh đạo tặc. = Necessity knows no laws.
Bất quá tam. = Third time is the charm.
Biết người biết ta, trăm trận trăm thắng = He who sees through life and death will meet with most success.
Bụng làm dạ chịu.= Make one's bed and lie in it.
Bắt cá hai tay. = two-time somebody. To run with the hare and hold with the hound.
Bần cư náo thị vô nhân vấn. Phú tại sơn lâm hữu viễn thân = An empty purse frightens away friends; In times of prosperity friends are plentiful.
Cá mè một lứa. = Dogs of the same street bark alike.
Cái khó ló cái khôn. = Necessity is the mother of invention.
Càng đông càng vui. = The more, the merrier.
Cây ngay không sợ chết đứng; Vàng thật không sợ lữa. = A clear conscience laughs at false accusation.
Cân nhắc lợi hại. = Weigh the pros and cons.
Cha nào con nấy. = Like father like son
Cháy túi = Lose one's shirt
Cháy nhà lòi mặt chuột. = Rats desert a sinking ship.
Chết vinh hơn sống nhục. = Better a glorious death than a shameful life.
Chết vinh hơn sống quỳ. = Better die standing than live kneeling.
Chí lớn gặp nhau. = Great minds think alike.
Chín người, mười ý. = So many men, so many minds.
Chim thấy ná. = A burnt child dreads the fire.
Chơi dao có ngày đứt tay. = He who plays with fire gets burnt.
Chó sủa là chó không cắn. = great barkers are no biters.
Chứng nào tật đó, ngựa quen đường cũ. = Old habits die hard.
Có chí thì nên. = Where there is a will, there is a way.
Có tật giật mình. = A guilty conscience never feels secure.
Có qua có lại mới toại lòng nhau. = You scratch my back and I'll scratch yours.
Con sâu làm rầu nồi canh. = Rotten apple spoils the barrel.
Con hoang. = Born on the other side of the blanket.
Cưa sừng làm nghé. = mutton dressed as lamb.
Cùng lắm. = Worse comes to worst. Đánh ghen. = To confront one's romantic rival.
Cùi không sợ lở. = A beggar can never be bankrupt.
Cười người hôm trước, hôm sau người cười. = He laughs best who laughs last.
Cướp công cách mạng. = To steal someone's thunder.
Dân mù tôn chột làm vua. = In the land of the blind, the one-eyed man is king.
Dục tốc bất đạt. = Haste makes waste.
Dễ như trở bàn tay. = Be like taking candy from a baby
Dùng cán bút làm đòn xoay chế độ (Sóng Hồng). = The pen is mightier than the sword.
Đàn ông xây nhà, đàn bà xây tổ ấm = Men make houses, women make homes.
Đắt như tôm tươi = Sell like hot cakes.
Đứng núi này trông núi nọ. = The grass is always greener on the other side of the fence.
Đổ thêm dầu vào lửa. = Add fuel to the fire. Pour oil on the flames
Đèn nhà ai nấy tỏ. = Let every man mind his own business.
Đi với Phật mặc áo cà sa, đi với ma mặc áo giấy. = He who goes with wolves learns to howl.
Được đằng chân lân đằng đầu. = Give him an inch and he'll take a yard.
Được cái nọ mất cái kia. = You cannot eat your cake and have it.
Đỏ bạc đen tình. = Lucky at cards unlucky in love.
Đường nào cũng dẫn đến La mã. = All roads lead to Rome.
Đừng vạch áo cho người ta xem lưng. = Do not wash your dirty linen in public.
Đừng dạy đĩ vén váy. = Don't teach fish swim.
Được voi đòi tiên. = If you give a mouse a cookie he's going to ask for a glass of milk.
Gieo gió gặt bão. Gieo nhân nào thì gặt quả nấy = You reap what you sow
Giết gà bằng dao mổ trâu. = Use a sledgehammer to crack a nut.
Giết người bịt miêng. = Dead men tell no tales.
Giảng tuồng. = Elvis has left the building.
Già dịch. = Dirty old man
Giọt máu đào hơn ao nước lã. = Blood is thicker than water.
Hên xui. = Luck of the draw.
Họa vô đơn chí, (phước bất trùng lai). = Misfortunes never come alone. It never rains but it pours.
Hết xí quách. = out of gas
Hoạ trung hữu phúc (trong cái rủi có cái may) = Every dark cloud has a silver lining.
Kén cá chọn canh = To pick and choose.
Không thầy đố mày làm nên = No guide, no realization
Không ai giàu ba họ, (không ai khó ba đời) = From shirtsleeves to shirtsleeves in three generations.
Không có lửa sao có khói. = where there's smoke, there's fire; There's no fire without smoke.
Khôn ba năm dại một giờ. = No man is wise at all time.
Lấy độc trị độc. = Fight fire with fire.
Lấy thúng úp voi = To put a quart into a pint pot
Lưới trời lồng lộng nhưng khó thoát. = The mills of God grind slowly, yet they grind exceeding small.
Mạt cưa mướp đắng, vỏ quít dày móng tay nhọn, kẻ cắp bà già gặp nhau= Diamond cuts diamond.
Mắt to hơn bụng. = His eyes are bigger that his stomach.
Mặt nhân từ mà ruột hiểm sâu. = A fair face may hide a foul heart.
Mèo khen mèo dài đuôi. = Every bird thinks his own nest best; Every cook praises his own broth.
Mèo mù vớ cá rán. = Fortune favors the fools.
Một mũi tên trúng hai đích. Một đá chọi hai chim; Môt công hai chuyện. = Kill two birds with one stone.
Một điều nhịn bằng chín điều lành. = If you are patient in one moment of anger, you will avoid 100 days of sorrow.
Mới có ván đã bán thuyền.. = Dont count your chickens before they hatch
Muốn ăn thì lăn vào bếp. = He that would eat the fruit must climb the tree.
Mưu sự tai nhân, thành sự tai thiên. = Man proposes, God disposes.
Năm thì mười họa. = Once in a blue moon.
Ngưu tầm ngưu mã tầm mã. = Birds of a feather flock together.
Nhàn cư vi bất thiện. = An idle mind is the devil's workshop; Idle hands are the devil's tools.
Nhân nào, quả nấy. = What goes around comes around.
Nhân duyên tiền định. = Marriages are made in heaven.
Nhân vô thập toàn. = To err is human
Nhắc Tào Tháo thì Tào Tháo đến. = Speak of devil and he will appear.
Nhập gia tùy tục. = When in Rome, do as the Romans do.
Nói có sách mách có chứng = To speak by the book
Nồi nào úp vung nấy. = Every Jack has his Jill.
Nỗi da gà. = Have goose pimples.
Nước đổ lá môn; Nước đổ đầu vịt. = Water off a duck's back; Fallen on deaf ears.
Nước đục thả câu. = To fish in troubled waters
Nụ cười bằng mười thang thuốc bổ. = laughter is the best medicine.
Phòng bệnh hơn chữa bệnh. = An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure; Prevention is better than cure.
Rượu ngon phải có bạn hiền.= Old friends and old wine are best.
Sinh nghề tử nghiệp. = He who lives by the sword dies by the sword
Suy bụng ta ra bụng người = A wool seller knows a wool buyer
Sư nói sư phải, vãi nói vãi hay. = There are two sides to every story
Tại anh tại ả, tại cả đôi bên = It takes two to do something
Tai vách mạch rừng. = Hedges have eyes and walls have ears.
Tay làm hàm nhai. = Living hand to mouth.
Tắc đèn nhà ngói cũng như nhà tranh. = All cats are grey in the dark.
Thánh nhân đãi kẻ khù khờ. = God sends fortune to fools.
Thả tép bắt tôm. = A sprat to catch a mackerel.
Thả con săn sắt, bắt con cá rô. = To throw out a sprat to catch a mackere.
Thao thao bất tuyệt = A flood of words
Thắc lưng buộc bụng. = Tighten your belt
Thắng làm vua, thua làm giặc = Make or mar. Sink or swim. Neek or nothing
Thế thiên hành đạo. = Take the law into one's own hands
Thùng rổng kêu to. = Empty Vessels Make The Most Noise.
Thương cho roi cho vọt, nghét cho ngọt cho bùi. = Spare the rod, spoil the child; He who withholds his rod hates his son, but he who loves him disciplines him diligently
Thương em mấy núi cũng trèo mấy sông cũng lội mấy đèo cũng qua. = There ain't no mountain high enough, ain't no valley low enough, ain't no river wide enough to keep me from you.
Thừa sống thiếu chết (Ngàn cân treo sợi tóc) = More death than alive
Tiệc vui nào mà không tàn. = All good things come to an end.
Tiền trao cháo múc. = if you touch pot you must touch penny.
Tiền nào của nấy. = Pay peanut get monkey.
Tình địch. = Romantic rival.
Tốt gỗ hơn tốt nước sơn = A good name is a rich heritage. A good fame is better than a good face.
Trèo cao té đau. = The higher you climb, the harder you fall. Pride will have a fall
Trứng mà đòi khôn hơn vịt. = Teach one's grandmother to suck eggs
Tránh vỏ dưa, gặp vỏ dừa. = Out of the frying pan and into the fire.
Trống đánh xuôi kèn thổi ngược. = The left hand doesn't know what the right hand is doing.
Tự lực cánh sinh. = Every tub must stand on its own bottom.
Uống như hủ chìm. = Drink like a fish.
Việc hôm nay chớ để ngày mai = Never put off till tomorrow what you can do today.
Vỏ quýt dày có móng tay nhọn = Diamond cut diamond. One nail drives out another.
Vòng vo tam quốc. = To beat around the bush.
Vô độc bất trượng phu. = The end justifies the means.
Vạn sự khở đầu nan. = The first step is the hardest.
Vụng múa chê đất lệch; Vụng hát chê đình tranh. = A bad workman quarrels with his tools.
Xa mặt cách lòng. = Out of sight out of mind.
bark of tree 在 Kento Bento Youtube 的評價
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Other videos you may like:
These Events Will Happen in Asia in 2020: https://youtu.be/qrataK7FxRA
How Would You Take Down North Korea? (The 7 Choices) https://youtu.be/VM_fzaWAybw
How North Korea Held the Greatest Pro Wrestling Event in History: https://youtu.be/U_ZkqfSpbg4
The $1,000,000,000 North Korean Bank Heist: https://youtu.be/Usu9z0feHug
How Macau Became North Korea's Base of Operations: https://youtu.be/BQ5x8riJ6SA
How This Lake in Northwest Asia Got Deadlier Than Chernobyl: https://youtu.be/SQCfOjhguO0
Music:
Ross Bugden: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCQKGLOK2FqmVgVwYferltKQ
Brandon Maahs: brandonmaahs.com
Channel Description:
We do videos on intriguing & thought-provoking Asiany topics, including stereotypes, history, culture & geography.
Credits:
Research, Script, Narration & Video Editing by Kento Bento
Artwork by Nina Bento
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[HOW WOULD YOU ESCAPE NORTH KOREA? (THE 7 CHOICES)]
If you were living in North Korea right now - trying to survive on a diet of rats, grass, soil and tree bark, quenching your thirst by drinking out of mud puddles in the ground - what would you do?
There's also the conceivable chance of being sent to a political prison camp for years on end just because you innocently thought out loud one day to a bunch of friends (North Korean propaganda is strong), where you are then beaten, tortured, and left so hungry that you are forced to dig and consume the grains out of faeces, or the maggots from dead bodies just so you have the energy to perhaps last one more day.
You'd probably wanna escape. But how?
The North Korean government in Pyongyang refuses to let its citizens leave, a clear violation of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, viewing North Korean defectors as traitorous criminals. Captured North Koreans would be subject to unimaginable torture and often public executions.
If they are successful in their escape, then three to four generations of their family back home would be sent to North Korean prison camps to rot ....or worse. This is a strong deterrent.
But this still doesn't stop desperate North Koreans from tempting fate. In this video, I'll go over the seven ways to escape the DPRK, including the most dangerous, the most unforgiving, the most unique, and the most unexpected.
The North Korean border on the south side (ie. South Korean border / Korean DMZ) is the shortest distance to travel for safety and stability but as a result, the regime makes it dangerously hard. A North Korean escapee can be shot down by North Korean soldiers (border guards) or step on the many landmines in the area.
The northern border to China has it's own set of challenges. Most North Korean refugees escape through this way, usually crossing the Tumen River border (like the famous North Korean defector Hyeonseo Lee). Once in China, the nightmare doesn't end there.
There are also other, more unconventional ways you can try to escape such as through North Korean labor camps.
Even if you make it to safety and resettle in a stable country, the North Korean regime will still try to hunt you down, so you're never truly safe. Especially if you're an outspoken critic or a threat to Kim Jong-un's power - just ask his half brother, Kim Jong-nam.
Sources:
https://web.archive.org/web/20070303203248/http://www.hrnk.org/refugeesReport06.pdf
http://bushcenter.imgix.net/legacy/gwb_north_korea_executive_summary_r4.pdf
https://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/16/world/asia/north-korean-soldier-braves-dmz-to-defect-to-south.html
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/northkorea/11033003/North-Korean-pair-swim-across-sea-border-to-defect-to-South-Korea.html
http://time.com/4205785/london-new-malden-north-korean-refugees/
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bark of tree 在 Survival Skills Primitive Youtube 的評價
Make sickle Primitive. This is our 8th video. We had to work very hard to finish this video in 2 days because of heavy rain. We made a primitive sickle. We have small stone grinding to make the crescent sickle, cut the tree to do the rolling and take the bark to make seconds. The sickle is the working tool of the primitive. It's a step forward in productivity tools. These are the primordial survival techniques. We continue to make the next video on primitive technology. Please support us so that we have motivation. By sharing, and subscribing to the channel, you have been motivating us. thank you
Channel: https://goo.gl/QkfVHY
Related videos:
Primitive Technology: Survival Skills Stone Ax, Coconut Cutting
https://goo.gl/dwpTQv
Primitive Technology: Water Pipe Bamboo
https://goo.gl/DefWde
Primitive Technology: Weapons Danger Primitive (Canarium)
https://goo.gl/mBqeAx
Primitive Technology: Banana Boat
https://goo.gl/3cE5eg
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bark of tree 在 Survival Skills Primitive Youtube 的評價
Primitive Technology Trap Chicken is our next video. With the primitive technology we did a trap to the chicken. This is a very special trap that can trap a lot of other animals. At first we cut some branches to make traps, took bark for ropes and we got some vines in the forest. We dig the worms to make chicken bait. The trap is hung up on the tree branch based on its gravity. We trap a chicken and cook. we cooked the chicken on the salt. This cooking method is very delicious and keeps the taste of chicken. We will continue to make the next video on primitive technology and survival skills. Subscribe to the channel to watch the latest videos.
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bark of tree 在 250 Tree Bark ideas - Pinterest 的八卦
Oct 18, 2015 - Explore Sophia du Toit/Shuttleworth's board "Tree Bark", followed by 934 people on Pinterest. See more ideas about tree bark, tree, ... ... <看更多>