sound wave picture的八卦，PINTEREST、YOUTUBE和Yahoo名人娛樂都在討論

เราติดต่อสื่อสารกับยานสำรวจอวกาศ New Horizons ได้อย่างไร?

นี่น่าจะเป็นคำถามหนึ่งที่โดนถามมาบ่อยที่สุดแล้วครับ เลยถือโอกาสตอบเอาไว้ตอนนี้เลย

เราสามารถติดต่อสื่อสารกับยานอวกาศทุกลำในอวกาศ ได้ด้วยคลื่นวิทยุ เราคุ้นเคยกับคลื่นวิทยุอยู่แล้ว ในรูปของวิทยุกระจายเสียงที่เราฟังกันในรถ จริงๆ แล้วคลื่นวิทยุและคลื่นแสง ต่างก็เป็นคลื่นแม่เหล็กไฟฟ้า โดยธรรมชาติแล้วคลื่นวิทยุไม่มีความแตกต่างอะไรจากแสงที่เรามองเห็นเลย นอกเสียจากความถี่เท่านั้นเอง นอกจากนี้คลื่นแม่เหล็กไฟฟ้าอื่นๆ ที่เราอาจจะค...
Continue ReadingHow do we communicate with new horizons spaceship?

This is probably one of the most often asked questions, so I took a chance to answer it now.

We can communicate with every spaceship in space with radio waves. We are already familiar with radio waves. In the radio broadcasting we listen to in the car. Actually radio waves and light waves are naturally electromagnetic waves. There is no difference. From the light we can see, unless the frequency, other electromagnetic waves we may be familiar with is microwave, infrared, x, gamma rays are all electromagnetic waves.

Electromagnetic wave is an intermediary wave to travel, so it can travel through space. This is why we can see the light from galaxies that are millions of light years away while we can't hear from the sun explosion. That happens continuously (due to sound waves not traveling in vacuum). All kinds of electromagnetic waves travel through space at light speed or around 300,000 km / sec.

The light from our sun takes about 8 minutes to arrive at our planet, while Pluto light will take about 4.5 hours. That means any radio signal that new horizons deliver will take 4.5 hours to arrive. Our world

We contact new horizons spacecraft using x band, which involves the microwave range on earth. We use x band wave range to detect objects by new horizons spacecradar. Send and receive signals with earth via size signals. 2 metres attached to the earth ship. We have a "Deep Space Network ( DSN )" signal that is spread around the world so that can receive signal at any time with three stations at Barstow, California; Madrid , Spain; and Canberra, Australia in the picture is one of deep space network's Transmitter stations.

When space exploration is further from earth, the signal will weaken as normal, resulting in transmitter rate. While new horizons spaceship is at Jupiter's orbit will have a transmission rate of about 38 kilobit per second ( Kbps) If anyone remembers when it took 36 k modem to connect the internet and download pictures, that's the speed that new horizons spaceship used to send Jupiter photos back to earth.

However, when it reaches Pluto orbit, the distance of over 5 billion kilometers, the transmission rate decreased to 1-2 kbps. This slow transmission rate makes most of the data of new horizons are still stored. In Memory and can't be returned to the world. We only have 5 % of all data sent during flyby and we have to wait until the end of 2016 to send all the data back.

In addition, new horizons spaceship has no moving parts. That means whenever the ship is recording scientific data, it will not turn the plate back to earth and can't send data at the same time with storage whenever the ship is empty, except storage. So I can turn to the world to send information.

And Although most of the storage is over, deep space network project still have many spaceship to keep track of new horizons, so we have to wait for their queue to send them little information at first to send the information passed. Compressed before and we on earth have to wait for the full resolution.

Photo: NASA

Read more:
[1] http://pluto.jhuapl.edu/Mission/Spacecraft/Data-Collection.php
[2] http://deepspace.jpl.nasa.gov/about/#Translated

【水世界】的前製設定與現場劇照

WATERWORLD (1995)
In celebration of today’s anniversary of this wet mess/epic. Let’s celebrate the hard work this crew put into bringing this world to life. Water movies are never easy but when it comes to this movie anytime you bring it up and a crew member from it is in earshot, the stories pour out. Not always bad, I know a AC that said he had a blast, he loved the boat rides out and all the camaraderie the crew had to have to get thru it. To all the crew that helped bring WATERWORLD to life, We salute you and thanks for the memories. I personally enjoy this hot mess of a movie, it’s one of the last ones of its kind...done practically...in a way.
let’s take a deepest of dives into WATERWORLD

The director, Kevin Reynolds, knew there would be problems before production had even started, “During pre-production. Because having never shot on water to that extent before, I didn’t really realise what I was in for. I talked to Spielberg about it because he’d gone to do Jaws, and I remember, he said to me, “Oh, I would never shoot another picture on water”.
“When we were doing the budget for the picture, and the head of the studio, Sid Sheinberg, we were talking about it and I said, “Steven told me that on Jaws the schedule for the picture was 55 days, and they ended up shooting a 155 days”. Because of the water. And he sat there for a moment and he said, “You know, I’m not sure about the days, but I do know they went a hundred percent over budget”. And so, Universal knew the potential problems of shooting on water. It’s monstrous.”
The film began with a projected budget of $100 million which had reportedly increased to $175 million by the end of production. The principle photography had overrun for at least thirty days more than originally planned due to one major decision.

Whereas today they would film in water tanks with partially built sets, employing green screens to fake the locations, back in 1995 they decided to build everything full size and shoot out on the ocean.

This causes extra logistical problems on top of those that already come with making a major action blockbuster. Cast and crew have to be transported to sets. The camera boats and sets float out of position and will have to be reset between takes taking up valuable production time.

The first draft of Waterworld was written by Peter Radar, a Harvard graduate who wanted to break into the film business. His contact in the film industry was Brad Kevoy, an assistant to the legendary director Roger Corman.

Roger Corman is best known for making films very quickly on a small budget. He also liked to give young talent a chance to direct and write their own films. Brad informed Peter that if he could write a Mad Max rip off, he would arrange to finance and let him direct the picture.

Radar came back and pitched the idea for what would become Waterworld. Kevoy took one look at him and said,

“Are you out of your mind? This would cost us three million dollars to make this movie!”
So Radar kept hold of the idea and decided to re-write the script but, this time, going wild. He wrote what he wanted to see on-screen, limited only by his imagination, not a real world production budget.

He managed to get the newly written script shown to a pair of producers with whom he had made contact with. They loved it and ironically they passed it onto Larry Gordon. He shared the enthusiasm saying it had the kind of cinematic possibilities he was looking for. A deal was signed on Christmas Eve of 1989.

As further script rewrites progressed, it became clear that Waterworld was too big for the Larry Gordon’s production company to undertake by themselves. In February 1992, a deal was signed with Universal Pictures to co-produce and co-finance the film. This was now six years after the first draft had been written.

Universal had signed director Kevin Reynolds to Waterworld. Whilst he was finishing his latest film, Rapa Nui, pre-production for Waterworld was already underway.

The decision was taken that the largest set for the film, known as the atoll, would be built full size. The atoll was the primary location for film and in the story served as the location for a small population of survivors.

The logic behind this decision was due to the high percentage of live action filming required in this location, as well as a huge action set piece. No sound stage would be big enough to incorporate this number of scenes and it was crucial that we see the mariner sail his boat into the atoll, turn around and set out again. A full-size construction was the only way to go as the use of miniature and special effects would be impractical.

The next problem was deciding where to build this huge set. After much research, Kawaihae Harbour in Hawaii was chosen as the location. The atoll could be constructed in the harbour and rotated when needed thus allowing for open sea in the background. Later towards the end of principle photography, the atoll could be towed out into the open sea for the filming of the big action sequences which would be impractical to shoot in an enclosed harbour.

Director Kevin Reynolds also discussed the possibility of using the same water tank as James Cameron’s The Abyss, which had filmed there around five years ago,

“We had even entertained the notion of shooting at that big nuclear reactor facility where they had shot The Abyss, to use it for our underwater tank. But we found it in such a state of disrepair that economically it just wasn’t feasible. We didn’t have as much underwater work as they did. Most of The Abyss is interiors and underwater and model work, ours is mostly surface exterior.”

The production company had originally envisioned building the atoll by linking approximately one hundred boats together and building upon this foundation, just like the characters in the film. The production crew set out to search Hawaii and get hold of as many boats as possible.

During this search, a unique boat in Honolulu caught their attention. Upon further investigation, they discovered it was built by Navitech, a subsidiary of the famous aircraft production company, Lockheed.

They approached Lockheed with the strange request of figuring out how they could build the foundations of the atoll. Lockheed found the request unusual but didn’t shy away from the challenging. They agreed to design the atoll foundation and Navitech would construct it.

Meanwhile, an 11ft miniature model of the atoll was sent out to a model ship testing facility in San Diego. Scaled wave tanks are used to determine the effects of the open sea on large scale miniature models of new untested ship designs. This would help determine what would happen with the unusual design of the atoll when it was out of the harbour.

The atoll, when finished, was approximately ¼ mile in circumference. It took three months to construct and is rumoured to cost around $22 million. As the atoll would be used out on the open sea, it required a seafaring license. Nothing like this had been done before and after much deliberation, it was eventually classed as an unmanned vessel. This meant that all cast and crew would have to vacate the set whilst it was towed into position. By the end of production, the atoll was towed out to sea a total of five times.

Shooting out on the open sea presented a series of logistical problem as Reynolds describes,

“We had an entire navy, basically – I mean, this atoll was positioned about a mile off-shore in Hawaii, it was anchored to the bottom of the ocean so it could rotate. What you don’t think about are things like, you’re shooting on this atoll to maintain this notion that there’s no dry land, you always have to shoot out to sea. Away from the land. So we chose a location where we had about a 180 degree view of open water. Nevertheless, any time when you’re shooting, there could be a ship appear in the background, or something like that, and you had to make a choice. Do I hold up the shot, wait for the ship to move out, or do we shoot and say we’re going to incur this additional cost in post-production of trying to remove the ship from the background.

And at that time, CGI was not at the point it is now, it was a bigger deal. And so, even though if you’re shooting across the atoll and you’re shooting out onto open water, when you turn around and do the reverses, for the action, you had to rotate the entire atoll, so that you’re still shooting out to open water. Those are the kinds of things that people don’t realise.

Or something as simple as – if you’re shooting a scene between two boats, and you’re trying to shoot The Mariner on his craft, another boat or whatever, you’ve got a camera boat shooting his boat, and then the other boat in the background. Well, when you’re on open water things tend to drift apart. So you have to send lines down from each of those boats to the bottom, to anchor them so that they somewhat stay in frame. When you’ve got a simple shot on land, you set up the camera position, you put people in front of the camera and then you put background in there. But when you’re on water, everything’s constantly moving apart, drifting apart, so you have to try to hold things down somewhat.

And these are simple things that you don’t really realise when you’re looking at it on film. But logistically, it’s crazy. And each day you shoot on the atoll with all those extras, we had to transport those people from dry land out to the location and so you’re getting hundreds of people through wardrobe and everything, and you’re putting them on boats, transporting them out to the atoll, and trying to get everybody in position to do a shot. And then when you break for lunch, you have to put everybody on boats and take them back in to feed them.”

The final size of the atoll was determined by the size of the Mariners boat, the trimaran. The dimensions for the trimaran were finalised very early on in pre-production, allowing all other vehicles and sets to be sized accordingly.

Production required two trimarans boats which are so called because they have three hulls. The first was based on the standard trimaran blueprint and built for speed but also had to accommodate a secret crew below decks.

During wide and aerial shots it would have to look like Costner himself was piloting the boat. In reality, a trained crew could monitor and perform the real sailing of the boat utilising specially built controls and television monitors below deck.

The second trimaran was the trawler boat which could transform into the racer through the use of special practical effects rigs. Both of these boats were constructed in France by Jeanneau. Normally this type of vessel requires a year to construct but production needed two boats in five months!

Normally once the boat had been constructed, Jeammeau would deliver it on the deck of a freighter, requiring a delivery time of around a month. This delay was unacceptable and so the trimarans were dismantled into sections and taken by a 747 air freighter to the dock Hawaii. Upon arrival, a further month was required to reassemble the boat and get them prepared for filming.

sets recreating the inside of the tanker were built using forced perspective in a huge 1000ft long warehouse which had an adjoining 2000ft field. In this field, they built the set of the oil tankers deck, again constructed using forced perspective. Using the forced perspective trick, the 500ft long set could be constructed to give the impression that it was really twice as long.

There’s more to a film than just it’s sets and filming locations. Over two thousand costumes had to be created with many of the lead actors costumes being replicated many times over due to wear and tear.

This is not an uncommon practice for film production, but due to the unique look of the people and the world they inhabit, it did create some headaches. One costume was created with so many fish scales the wardrobe department had to search the entire island of Hawaii looking for anyone who could supply in the huge quantity required.

Makeup had to use waterproof cosmetics, especially on the stunt players. As everyone had a sun burnt look, a three-sided tanning booth was setup. The extras numbering in their hundreds, with ages ranging from six to sixty-five, passed through the booth like a production line to receive their spray tan. The extras then moved onto costume before finally having their hair fixed and becoming ready for the day.

In some scenes, extras were actually painted plywood cutouts to help enhance the number of extras on the set. This can easily be seen in one particular shot on board the Deez super tanker.

Filming on the water is not only a difficult and time-consuming process but also very dangerous. It’s been reported that Jeanne Tripplehorn and Tina Majorino nearly drowned on their first day of filming.

Waterworld’s star Kevin Costner reported having a near-death experience when filming a scene in which the mariner ties himself to his catamaran to survive a storm. The pounding water caused him to black out and nearly drown.

Unbeknownst to most of the crew, Kevin Costner’s stunt double was riding his jet ski across 40 miles of open ocean between his home on Maui and the film’s set on the Big Island. When he didn’t show up for work one day, the production team phoned his wife, who informed them he had already left for work. The stunt double’s jet ski had run out of gas halfway through his “commute” and a storm had swept him farther out to sea. It took a helicopter most of the day to find him. The stunt doubles name was Laird Hamilton.

As well as the logistical problems of creating a film of this scale and on water, they also had to deal with the press who seemed intent on wanting the film to fail. Director Kevin Reynolds discusses the situation,

“It was huge, we were constantly fighting – people wanted to have bad press. That was more exciting to them than the good news. I guess the most egregious example of that that I recall was that the publicist told me that one day…we’d been out the day before and we were doing a shot where we sent two cameras up on a mast of the trimaran and we wanted to do a shot where they tilled down from the horizon down to the deck below. We’re out there, we’re anchored, we’re setting the shot up and a swell comes in, and I look over and the mast is sort of bending.

And I turned to the boatmaster and I said, “Bruno, is this safe?”. And he looks up the mast and he goes, “No”. So I said, “Okay, well, we have to get out as I can’t have two guys fall off from 40 feet up”. So, we had to break out of the set-up, and go back in a shoot something else and we lost another half-day.

Anyway, the next day the publicist is sitting in his office and he gets this call from some journalist in the States and he goes, “Okay. Don’t lie to me – I’ve had this confirmed from two different people. I want the facts, and I want to hear about the accident yesterday, we had two cameramen fall off the mast and were killed”.

And, he goes, “What are you talking about?”. And he goes, “Don’t lie to me, don’t cover this up, we know this has happened”. It didn’t happen! People were so hungry for bad news because it was much more exciting than…they just said it, and you know, it hurt us.”
Upon release, the press seemed to be disappointed that the film wasn’t the massive failure they were hoping it to be. Universal Studios told Kevin Reynolds that one critic came out of an early screening in New York and in a disappointed tone said,

“Well, it didn’t suck.”

It is true that during principle photography the slave colony set sank and had to be retrieved. However due to bad press, the rumour became much bigger and to this day when you mention the sinking set, most people assume it was the huge atoll.

During production, press nicknamed the film “Kevin’s Gate” and “Fishtar”, referring to 1980’s box office failures Heaven’s Gate and Ishtar. Heaven’s Gate failed so badly it led to the sale of United Artists Studio and has become synonymous with failure in Hollywood.

As well as the exaggerated set problems and other various production rumours, there were also difficulties with the script. In a risky move, the film was green lit and moved into production without a finalised script.

The final total is a reportedly thirty-six rewrites. One of the writers involved was Joss Whedon. Joss had worked on many scripts before becoming a director having being at the helm of both The Avengers and the sequel Avengers: Age Of Ultron. He described his experience on Waterworld as,

“Seven weeks of hell”
Everything came to a head just three weeks before the end of principle photography. Kevin Reynolds who was an old friend of Kevin Costner allegedly walked off set or was fired. There was no official statement on what happened.

When Reynolds left the production this event caused many changes to be made. Composer Mark Isham had already composed approximately two-thirds of the film’s score by the time Reynolds left and that event ultimately caused him to leave production. As Mark describes in this interview excerpt,

“Kevin Reynolds quit the film, which left me working for Kevin Costner, who listened to what I had written and wanted a completely different point of view. He basically made a completely different film — he re-cut the entire film, and in his meeting with me he expressed that he wanted a completely different approach to the score. And I said, “oh let me demonstrate that I can give that to you”, so I presented him with a demo of my approach to his approach, and he rejected that and fired me. What I find a lot in these big films, because the production schedules are so insane, that the directors have very little time to actually concentrate on the music.”
Rumours report that Costner took control of production. He directed the last few weeks of principle photography and edited the final cut of the film that was released in cinemas.

Reynolds discusses his surprise at discovering that one of the most famous scenes from what is known as the extended version, was left on the cutting room floor,

“…it would have differed from what you saw on the screen to some extent, and one of the things I’ve always been perplexed by in the version that was released, theatrically, although subsequently the longer version included it, and the reason that I did the film, was that at the very end of the picture, at the very end of the script, there’s a scene when they finally reach dry land and The Mariner’s sailing off and he leaves the two women behind, and in the script they’re standing up on this high point and they’re watching him sail away, and the little girl stumbles on something.
And they look down and clear the grass away and that’s this plaque. And it says, “Here, near this spot, 1953, Tenzing Norgay and Edmund Hillary first set foot on the summit of Everest”. And that was in script and I was like, “Oh, of course! Wow, the highest point on the planet! That would have been dry land!”. And we got it! We shot that. And they left it out of the picture. And I’m like, “Whaaat?!”. It’s like the Statue of Liberty moment in Planet of the Apes. And I was like, “Why would you leave that out?”

Written by John Abbitt | Follow John on twitter @UKFilmNerd

If any the crew cares to share any of their experiences on it please comment.
Thanks for reading
If you want more deep dives visit
https://www.facebook.com/groups/crewstories/?ref=share

好文章，原來近年荷李活猛片，仍然未能全面「4K」化…

這陣子為了4K藍光即將出版，大家對畫質的存疑討論的沸沸揚揚，手上已經收了不少4K電影，提供給大家做一些畫質檢測。
先聲明，這只是目前收到的4K檔案，不是正式出版的4K 藍光，不過4K前置作業應該都一樣的，所以還是很有參考價值。
先貼幾部年代也比較新，個人覺得畫質比較好的來給各位參考。截圖中的中文字幕是從我們字幕區找來的srt字幕檔。

更深入的畫質說明部分 IVANSHAN 在本篇21樓有一篇 重要的畫質參考資料
http://www.hd.club.tw/thread-204173-1-1.html

作者:IVANSHAN

以4K畫質為號召的UHD BD即將陸續發片，好萊塢大片一直以來都是新影音規格家庭娛樂產品的主力，所謂的發燒友們也多以好萊塢大片為主要測試對象，但是好萊塢六大的電影4K化程度到底有多少，這一直都是一個大問號。這個問題可以從IMDB的資料找到一些答案。以下是我這兩天根據IMDB的資訊，整理了最近幾年好萊塢六大的億萬大製作(製作成本超過一億美元)究竟是採用4K或是2K進行後製。從IMDB的資料其實可以發現，無論這些大片使用了哪些高階攝影機、例如Sony的F65或F55的4K攝影機，或是站長大人提到的Arri與Red Epic...，即使拍攝訊源達到6K以上，絕大多數的大片仍是以2K畫質來進行後製。而這些億萬大製作幾乎都需要使用大量的電腦動畫，才能讓銀幕上的大型動作、爆破...大場面看起來逼真，這些電腦動畫才是後製的重點。而為了讓僅有2K畫質的電腦動畫不會顯得突兀，因此無論是4K、6K或更高畫質拍攝的訊源在後製時很難避免被下修成2K畫質。至於動畫電影，雖然迪士尼(包括皮克斯)與夢工廠動畫(DreamWorks Animation)的動畫平均製作成本超過1.5億美元，但目前仍未見到以4K後製的動畫電影，所以並未列入下面的片單，對於動畫有興趣的朋友請自行去IMDB查詢相關資料。

迪士尼：

米老鼠之家(mouse house)現在可說是滿手大片，但是後製做到4K的比例其實非常低，差不多去年才開始有4K電影，包括北美影史票房冠軍的STAR WARS：原力覺醒(STAR WARS：The Force Awakens，2015)，以及最終虧損金額應該超過製作成本(迪士尼宣稱1.9億美元)的明日世界(Tomorrowland，2015)，後者主要使用Sony F65以及F55兩款4K攝影機拍攝、4K後製。至於2008年開始推出的12部Marvel電影(Marvel Cinematic Universe截至去年一共有12部)，包括去年的復仇者聯盟2：奧創紀元(Avengers: Age of Ultron，2015)以及蟻人(Ant-Man，2015)全部都是2K，可能要到今年的美國隊長3：英雄內戰Captain America: Civil War)才會開始有4K版本。北美本週末上片的災難大片絕命救援(The Finest Hours，2016，台灣3月才會上片)，製作成本據說7到8千萬美元，但也只做2K後製。另外，仙履奇緣(Cinderella，2015)、魔法黑森林(Into the Woods，2014)、黑魔女：沉睡魔咒(Maleficent，2014)、獨行俠(The Lone Ranger，2013)、奧茲大帝(Oz the Great and Powerful，2013)、異星戰場：強卡特戰記(John Carter，2012)都只有2K，連慶祝迪士尼成立90週年的大夢想家(Saving Mr. Banks，2013)也是2K。

如果有人質疑前面提到的迪士尼片量好像有點少，那是因為迪士尼目前雖然滿手大片，但是近年的年發片量其實很少超過10部，其中還包括2部動畫以及紀錄片(Disneynature差不多每年都會有一部，例如去年的Monkey Kingdom，2014年的Bears)，Marvel從2013年開始每年發2部，明年開始每年3部，星際大戰去年開始一年一部，皮克斯(Pixar)與迪士尼動畫(Walt Disney Animation)差不多每年各一部，迪士尼經典動畫翻拍真人版(例如仙履奇緣、灰姑娘改成黑魔女：沉睡魔咒、今年的森林王子、明年的美女與野獸)差不多也是每年一部，小片則是愈來愈少。

環球：

環球去年的全球票房收入創下影史新高紀錄，最終應該在60億美元左右，但是最近幾年發行的電影大概只有安潔莉娜裘莉(Angelina Jolie)執導的永不屈服(Unbroken，2014)是採用4K後製，環球的招牌系列電影玩命關頭，第三集到去年的第七集全部都是2K，2001以及2003年推出的前兩集應該是最高只到2K。幾部去年的賣座大片侏羅紀世界(Jurassic World，2015)、歌喉讚2(Pitch Perfect 2，2015)、格雷的五十道陰影(Fifty Shades of Grey，2015)、聖母峰(Everest，2015)以及悲慘世界(Les Miserables，2012)都是2K，遺落戰境(Oblivion，2013)使用了Sony的4K攝影機F65以及Red Epic拍攝，後製仍然是2K；露西(Lucy，2014)使用了Sony F65、Arri Alexa以及Red Epic攝影機，後製也是2K。也許，環球今年將推出的大片會開始4K化。

福斯：

福斯在2014年一度創下影史全球票房營收最高紀錄(55億美元，去年被環球超越)，但是4K比例也是偏低，比較特別的是主要使用Red Epic Dragon攝影機拍攝的控制(Gone Girl，2014)，採用5K後製。移動迷宮(The Maze Runner，2014)是使用4K後製，但是續集移動迷宮：焦土試煉(Maze Runner：Scorch Trials，2015)卻是2K，不知道預定一年後上片的完結篇The Maze Runner: The Death Cure會是2K還是4K。雷利史考特(Ridley Scott)近年為福斯拍攝的幾部大片絕地救援(The Martian，2015)、出埃及記：天地王者(Exodus: Gods and Kings，2014)以及普羅米修斯(Prometheus，2012)都是2K。即刻救援(Taken)2(2012)、3(2014)集都是2K，猩球崛起：黎明的進擊(Dawn of the Planet of the Apes，2014)、金牌特務(Kingsman: The Secret Service，2015)、X戰警：未來昔日(X-Men: Days of Future Past，2014)、金鋼狼：武士之戰(The Wolverine，2013)也都是2K。

華納：

華納可說是六大中發片量最大的，億萬大製作及小片都有，至少比較像是一家好萊塢的大型電影公司，可惜近年的大片中只有奧斯卡金像獎最佳影片亞果出任務(Argo，2012)是採用4K後製，主要使用Red Epic攝影機拍攝的哈比人(2012－2014)三部曲全部都是2K。瘋狂麥斯：憤怒道(Mad Max: Fury Road，2015)、白鯨傳奇：怒海之心(In the Heart of the Sea，2015)、飆風特攻(Point Break，2015，北美由華納發行，台灣則是龍祥發行)、潘恩：航向夢幻島(Pan，2015)、加州大地震(San Andreas，2015)、朱比特崛起(Jupiter Ascending，2015)、明日邊界(Edge of Tomorrow，2014)、哥吉拉(Godzilla，2014)、300壯士：帝國崛起(300: Rise of an Empire，2014)、地心引力(Gravity，2013)、環太平洋(Pacific Rim，2013)、大亨小傳(The Great Gatsby，2013)、傑克：巨人戰紀(Jack the Giant Slayer，2013)都是2K。克里斯多夫諾蘭(Christopher Nolan)為華納拍攝的黑暗騎士(The Dark Knight)三部曲，IMDB沒有提到是2K或4K。

派拉蒙：

自從Marvel、夢工廠(DreamWorks，包括動畫公司在內)陸續從2011年開始脫離之後，派拉蒙目前仍在重整旗鼓階段，發片量、尤其是億萬大製作的年發片量有點少，大概可以說是六大的後段班(包括Sony)。阿湯哥(Tom Cruise)的招牌系列作品，最新一部不可能的任務：失控國度(Mission Impossible – Rogue Nation，2015)是2K，但第四集不可能的任務：鬼影行動(Mission: Impossible - Ghost Protocol，2011)卻是4K，也許是為了遷就片中有22分鐘畫面是採用IMAX膠捲攝影機拍攝，IMAX膠捲版畫質據說上看8K。也是派拉蒙現階段招牌系列的變形金剛(Transformers)4集都是2K，第五集應該會是4K；魔鬼終結者：創世契機(Terminator Genisys，2015)、忍者龜：變種世代(Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles，2014)、海克力士(Hercules: The Thracian Wars，2014)、挪亞方舟(Noah，2014)、末日之戰(World War Z，2013)、特種部隊2：正面對決(G.I. Joe：Retaliation，2013)、雨果的冒險(Hugo，2011)、超級8(Super 8，2011，這部大概是夢工廠在派拉蒙的最後一部)都是2K。台灣本週末上片的13小時：班加西的秘密士兵(13 Hours: The Secret Soldiers of Benghazi，2016)，麥可貝(Michael Bay，變形金剛)執導，也是2K。

Sony／哥倫比亞

由於集團內有家電以及相關產業，所以Sony是六大中推動4K最用力的，後製採用4K規格的電影數量最多也最早，差不多可以往前推到2010年就已經開始有4K電影，不過不但沒有反應在全球票房上，多數電影、尤其是億萬大製作的影評與口碑都不佳，票房也不理想，甚至2013年暑假檔的億萬大製作全垮(包括站長大人提到的極樂世界也是賠錢貨)，一度引起外界(主要是華爾街)揣測Sony可能賣掉娛樂事業部門，這大概也是最近半年推出的第五毀滅(The 5th Wave，2016)、怪物遊戲(Goosebumps，2015)以及世界大對戰(Pixels，2015)都只有2K的原因吧?!Sony的招牌電影蜘蛛人：驚奇再起(The Amazing Spider-Man，2012)主要採用Red Epic攝影機拍攝，以及蜘蛛人驚奇再起2：電光之戰(The Amazing Spider-man 2: Rise of Electro，2014)都是採用4K後製；為米高梅在全球發行的最近兩部007電影空降危機(Skyfall，2012)，以及007惡魔四伏(SPECTRE，2015)也都是4K。

瞞天大佈局(American Hustle，2013，北美是Sony發行，台灣則是龍祥)、怒海劫(Captain Phillips，2013)、藍色小精靈2(The Smurfs 2，2013)2K(2011年的第一集則是2K)都是4K。地球過後(After Earth，2013)採用Sony的4K攝影機F65拍攝，4K後製。都是同位導演執導的極樂世界(Elysium，2013)以及成人世界(Chappie，2015)，兩片主要都是使用Red Epic拍攝，4K後製。

超急快遞(Premium Rush，2012)、MIB星際戰警3(Men In Black 3, 2012)都是4K，BD畫面很漂亮的攔截記憶碼(Total Recall，2012)則是2K。

千禧三部曲Ｉ：龍紋身的女孩(The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo，2011)、惡靈戰警：復仇時刻(Ghost Rider: Spirit of Vengeance，2011)、魔球(Moneyball，2011，Terry版主應該很高興看到這片是4K)、決戰30分(30 Minutes or Less，2011)、霸凌女教師(Bad Teacher，2011)、世界異戰(Battle: Los Angeles，2011)、青蜂俠(The Green Hornet，2011)、特務間諜(Salt，2010)，以及成龍與威爾史密斯(Will Smith)的兒子Jaden Smith主演的小子難纏(1984)重拍版The Karate Kid(2010，台灣未上片，網路片名功夫夢)、賞金戀人：Ex檔案(The Bounty Hunter，2010)，以及享受吧！一個人的旅行(Eat,Pray,Love，2010)也都是4K。

從以上的片單應該不難發現，Sony近年來缺乏賣座大片，甚至可說賠錢貨非常多。兩部蜘蛛人：驚奇再起票房，製作成本愈來愈高，全球行銷費用漲得更快，有IMAX以及3D墊高票房卻仍不如舊版三部曲，難怪要三度換人reboot，還得與迪士尼／Marvel分享蜘蛛人的版權。而由於缺乏賣座大片，也讓Sony推動4K顯得欲振乏力。

個人看法：

由於我在IMDB做的查詢以非動畫的億萬大製作為主，雖然環球、福斯、華納有些片沒有提到(例如：環球2012年的公主與狩獵者，福斯2013年的終極警探：跨國救援，以及製作成本不到一億美元的電影)，但因為幾乎都是2K就略過不提(想少打點字)。從前面的片單可以發現，除了Sony／哥倫比亞之外，其他五大的4K電影加起來不到10部，顯而易見未來的UHD BD絕大多數都是upscale版本，真正原生4K發行UHD BD的電影短期內將是鳳毛麟角，但發燒友們大概不會在乎這個『小細節』，只要是4K就好，管他是upscale或是原生4K，鈔票還是捨得花下去。

至於音效的部份，發燒友們對DTS:X的期待度似乎相當高，可惜好萊塢六大目前仍然沒有一部電影使用到DTS:X音效，只要是immersive sound系統，六大仍然以杜比全景聲(Dolby Atmos)為優先，其次是Auro 3D。而DTS公司已經在去年初的CES展承認DTS:X與全景聲不相容，所以六大未來的UHD BD應該沒有DTS:X的立足之地。由於UHD BD在音效的基本規格已經確定是以objec-based的immersive sound，除非美國電影電視工程師協會(Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers)今年確定可以完成單一多聲道immersive sound的標準規格(single standard format for immersive sound)，否則DTS:X未來很難在好萊塢六大的大片找到容身之處，因為在製作成本以及全球行銷費用上漲速度超過預期的情形下，好萊塢大片同時製作全景聲、AuroMax(Auro 3D的升級版)、DTS:X以及IMAX 12 track四種不同音效規格的可能性極低，STAR WARS：原力覺醒就只做了全景聲以及IMAX 12 track兩種，目前可能只有陳凱歌執導的道士下山同時做了這四種音效。

雖然有網友提到獵巫行動：大滅絕(The Last Witch Hunter)的DTS:X音效很棒，可惜該片的影評、口碑都不佳，票房數字更是難看，對於DTS:X的推廣完全沒有幫助。至於部份擴大機支援DTS:X之後，有網友提到DTS HD在升頻後的效果出色，我建議他們可以拿地心引力出來測試一下。地心引力的第一版BD只有DTS HD，去年初發行的新版加上了全景聲，應該就可以拿來測試DTS HD升頻DTS:X後，與全景聲音效的差異，個人相信全景聲仍然全面勝出，因為該片主要採用全景聲進行後製，channel-based的DTS HD就算升頻後，也很難與objec-based的全景聲競爭。站長大人提到的極樂世界，我前兩年租了BD來看，看的時候就發現DTS HD 7.1的音效悶悶的，用了好幾種不同音場仍然無法有爆棚表現，電影已經很乏味了，又沒有爆棚音效讓我在沙發上有點坐立難安。看到片尾字幕的最後才發現原因，原來是全景聲轉DTS HD的問題，因為兩種音效完全不相容，DTS應該是用降級版的Dobly Digital 7.1來轉製，難怪威力大減，相信未來該片發行UHD BD後，只要配置的是全景聲應該就可以還原應有的爆棚音效，但屆時我不會再看一次，乏味的電影看一次就夠了。

#セガ第1AM研究開発部が開発、セガが稼働させたAC用レースゲームのシリーズ第3弾且つセガ最後の非ポリゴンレーシング作。
主な特徴としては、最大8人までの通信対戦が可能、選択車種が8種類に増加、ルート分岐が復活等が挙げられる。
シリーズの中で唯一AM1研で制作され、初代アウトランのスタッフも何名か携わっているが鈴木裕氏は無関与。

BGMはHiro師匠、バーチャファイターシリーズ等の中村氏、デイトナUSAシリーズやセガラリーシリーズ等の光吉氏といったSEGA所属の3名による共同作・編曲。初代アウトランのBGMもアレンジされ使用されている。

作・編曲：川口博史氏、中村隆之氏、光吉猛修氏

Year: 1993.05.15(J),1993.06.12(U),1993.07.11(EU)
Manufacturer: SEGA / sega AM1 R&D
System: System32 multi
Hardware: Z80,YM3438,SEGA Multi pcm
Composer: hiroshi kawaguchi,takayuki nakamura, takenobu mitsuyoshi
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
00:00:00 01.Coin (クレジット)
00:00:01 02.Engine Start (スタート / エンジン音)
00:00:04 03.Mega Driver (メガドライバー)
00:01:17 04.Magical Sound Shower (1993) (Speed BusterのデフォルトBGM)
00:05:56 05.Passing Breeze (1993)
00:10:29 06.Splash Wave (1993) (Mad PowerのデフォルトBGM)
00:14:52 07.Picture the Rivers (Smooth OperatorのデフォルトBGM)
00:18:08 08.Blow Your Cool (Bad BoyのデフォルトBGM)
00:22:33 09.Looking for the Rainbow (Quick ReactorのデフォルトBGM)
00:28:23 10.Speed King (Easy HandlingのデフォルトBGM)
00:32:06 11.Adventure (Wild ChaserのデフォルトBGM)
00:35:53 12.Sonic Control (The Road MonsterのデフォルトBGM)
00:39:46 13.Dream Flying (ドリームフライング)
00:40:47 14.Start (ゲームスタート)
00:42:20 15.Grand Canyon (グランド・キャニオン)
00:43:17 16.San Francisco (サンフランシスコ)
00:44:30 17.South America (南アメリカ)
00:45:24 18.Niagara Falls (ナイアガラの滝)
00:47:05 19.Hawaii (ハワイ)
00:47:45 20.Pacific Ocean Crossway Bridge (太平洋横道橋)
00:48:53 21.Spain (スペイン)
00:50:01 22.Atlantic Ocean Underwater Tunnel (大西洋海底トンネル)
00:51:58 23.Switzerland (スイス)
00:53:09 24.China (中国)
00:54:03 25.Japan (日本)
00:54:54 26.Hong Kong (香港)
00:55:54 27.Egypt (エジプト)
00:56:47 28.Mediterranean Sea (地中海)
00:58:57 29.France (フランス)
01:00:24 30.Germany (ドイツ)
01:01:50 31.Final Stage (最終ステージ)
01:03:21 32.Meaning of the Light (ロングバージョン)
01:05:14 33.Game Over (アイキャッチ)
01:05:18 34.Jingle Bell (ジングルベル)
01:06:25 35.BGM #eb
01:06:56 36.BGM #ee
01:07:36 37.Sound test (サウンドテスト)
01:09:23 38.Meaning of the Light (ゲームオーバーバージョン)
01:10:46 39.Last Wave (1993)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------

#'93年にセガが稼働させた、AC用レース作品からのMD移植版。
プレイ画面の上下２画面化、いくつかのオブジェクトが削除等の変更点がある。
BGMはセガの作曲家らが共作して編曲、MD専用の新曲も幾つか追加された。

作・編曲：幡谷尚史氏,香嶋良昭氏,幸崎達哉氏,白津順子さん

Manufacturer: 1994.05.13(J),1994.07(U) SEGA(J),Data east(U)
Computer: Mega drive / genesis
Sound: YM2612,SN76489
Composer & Arranger: Naofumi Hataya,Yoshiaki Kashima ,Tatsuya Kozaki,Junko Shiratsu
------------------------------------------------------------
00:00:00 01.Title Screen (MD追加曲)
00:02:46 02.Mega Driver (メガドライバー)
00:03:59 03.Pre-Stage
00:04:03 04.Game Start (MD追加曲)
00:05:27 05.Magical Sound Shower (1993) (Speed BusterのデフォルトBGM)
00:07:57 06.Passing Breeze (1993)
00:10:28 07.Splash Wave (1993) (Mad PowerのデフォルトBGM)
00:13:43 08.Picture the Rivers (Smooth OperatorのデフォルトBGM)
00:15:59 09.Blow Your Cool (Bad BoyのデフォルトBGM)
00:18:28 10.Looking for the Rainbow (Quick ReactorのデフォルトBGM)
00:20:53 11.Speed King (Easy HandlingのデフォルトBGM)
00:23:20 12.Adventure (Wild ChaserのデフォルトBGM)
00:26:08 13.Sonic Control (The Road MonsterのデフォルトBGM)
00:28:35 14.Checkpoint
00:28:42 15.Meaning of the Light
00:30:06 16.Dream Flying (ドリームフライング)
00:30:59 17.Car Select (MD追加曲)
00:32:18 18.Stage 1 - Grand Canyon (グランド・キャニオン)
00:32:41 19.Stage 2 - San Francisco (サンフランシスコ)
00:33:27 20.Stage 3 - South America (南アメリカ)
00:34:05 21.Stage 4 - Niagara Falls (ナイアガラの滝)
00:35:12 22.Stage 5 - Hawaii (ナイアガラの滝)
00:35:43 23.Stage 6 - Pacific Ocean Crossway Bridge (太平洋横道橋)
00:37:37 24.Stage 7 - Spain (スペイン)
00:38:46 25.Stage 8 - Atlantic Ocean Underwater Tunnel (大西洋海底トンネル)
00:39:51 26.Stage 9 - Switzerland (スイス)
00:41:03 27.Stage 10 - China (中国)
00:41:41 28.Stage 11 - Japan (日本)
00:42:29 29.Stage 12 - Hong Kong (香港)
00:43:17 30.Stage 13/20 - Egypt (エジプト)
00:43:58 31.Stage 14/19 - Mediterranean Sea (地中海)
00:45:32 32.Stage 15/18 - France (フランス)
00:46:50 33.Stage 16/17 - Germany (ドイツ)
00:48:18 34.Final Stage (最終ステージ)
00:49:48 35.Travel Seaward (海を目指して - MD追加曲)
00:52:42 36.Last Wave (1993)
00:54:48 37.Goal (ゴール - MD追加曲)
00:56:13 38.Staff Roll (スタッフロール - MD追加曲)
00:59:53 39.Jingle Bells(ジングルベル)
01:01:05 40.Beginner Start (Virtua Racing) (MD追加曲 / バーチャレーシングより)
01:01:20 41.polygonic Continent (Virtua Racing) (MD追加曲 / バーチャレーシングより)
------------------------------------------------------------