[那些年你聽過的營養鬼話#12]
椰子油好棒棒!?
上週JAMA出現了一篇關於椰子油的文章(Ref 1),
讓我再次想起這個熟悉的鬼話”椰子油好棒棒!”
這些年來不知道聽多少人說過椰子油🥥有多神。
有一次到某生技的工廠觀光,
看見整架滿滿的椰子油,還有它們的宣傳影片,
那個宣傳影片的內容,
只能說我看了差點爆血管😤(脾氣很差),
然後那個產品居然還曾經出現在我娘家(遠目)
這篇JAMA的文章引用了今年發表的綜合分析(Ref 2),
而這篇綜合分析是搜尋了多篇椰子油的相關研究,
最後篩選出16篇做統計分析。
結果發現,椰子油與其他非熱帶性植物油相比,
會顯著地讓低密度膽固醇上升10.47 mg/dL;
高密度膽固醇上升4mg/dL。
而且即使把非隨機分組以及品質較差的研究排除掉,
這個結果仍然維持顯著。
同一篇綜合分析裡面也提到,
椰子油與其他非熱帶植物油相比,
對血糖、發炎、肥胖等沒有顯著的影響。
重點來了!
雖然椰子油讓高密度膽固醇上升了4mg/dL,
(這是很多椰子油支持者愛講的理論)
但別忘了它讓低密度膽固醇上升了10.47 mg/dL!
低密度膽固醇本身就是心血管疾病很重要的一個危險因子,
因此如果有心血管相關的問題或高膽固醇的問題,
建議還是避免大量使用椰子油為妙。
在2016年的紐約時代雜誌中,
有高達72%的民眾認為椰子油是一種健康的食物;
相對地,只有37%營養學家贊同。
哈佛大學公共衛生學院的醫學博士Frank M.Sacks,
在一篇社論中寫道:
“這顯示了椰子油及其相關行業在市場上的巨大成功!
儘管已知椰子油會使低密度膽固醇上升;
而低密度膽固醇是動脈粥狀硬化及心血管疾病的危險因子,
他們仍然宣稱椰子油是一種自然、健康的產品。”
沒想到不只台灣,在美國也是這樣的狀況…
有關椰子油的各種好處,不管是失智、減重或心血管,
各種”理論”幾乎都是以中鏈脂肪酸為出發點。
✨什麼是中鏈脂肪酸呢?✨
中鏈脂肪酸的定義為碳鍊長度6-12的脂肪酸,
以化學的角度來看,
因為分子量較小且是弱電解質,
在中性環境中很容易離子化,所以溶解度較佳,
這樣的性質主要是存在於碳鏈長度10以下的中鏈脂肪酸;
以生物的角度來看,
長鏈脂肪酸在吸收時需要與蛋白質結合形成脂蛋白,
先經過淋巴系統再進入血液循環,
但中鏈脂肪酸被小腸吸收後,
可以接通過門靜脈進入肝臟因此吸收效率較高(Ref 3)。
霸特!
🌟中鏈脂肪酸的好處可以推論到椰子油嗎?🌟
椰子油當中最主要的脂肪酸為12個碳的月桂酸,
以碳鏈的長度來說的確是中鏈脂肪酸;
但是在消化及代謝的途徑中,
95% 的中鏈脂肪酸是直接進入門靜脈,
70-75% 的月桂酸卻是以乳糜微粒(chylomicron)的形式吸收,
此性質比較接近長鏈脂肪酸。
且因為碳鏈長度 >10,溶解度也不像其他中鏈脂肪酸這麼好(Ref 4)。
因此,中鏈脂肪酸的各種研究結果,
並不能直接推論到椰子油上。
🌱椰子油適合高溫烹調所以比較健康?🌱
我在生技公司看到的椰子油宣傳影片,
裡面不停宣傳椰子油對高溫穩定適合油炸,
這點其實跟豬油的擁護者表示豬油適合油炸是一樣的.......
不飽和脂肪經過長時間高溫烹調容易變為反式脂肪,
這就是初榨橄欖油不適合油炸的原因;
相對地飽和脂肪因為結構中沒有雙鍵的關係不會變異,
椰子油中高達90%左右是飽和脂肪,所以的確對熱穩定。
(延伸閱讀:認識飽和、不飽和、omega-3、omega-6、反式脂肪酸 https://goo.gl/ZGLrcx)
但是!
飽和脂肪跟反式脂肪一樣是讓低密度膽固醇上升的因子,
所以就算油炸後比較不會產生反式脂肪,
吃太多飽和脂肪同樣是不好的。
椰子油有高達90%是飽和脂肪,
已經是所有油中的冠軍了!!!(Ref 5)
關於椰子油的文章其實在2017年3月就有寫過,
因為相關研究實在太多無法全部在Facebook貼文分享,
所以想進一步詳細了解的朋友可以參考以下這篇:
💁椰子油好棒棒? https://goo.gl/UaFGqB 💁
除了將熱騰騰的新文獻補充進去了,也增加了一些額外的內容~
Reference:
1. Abbasi J. Coconut Oil’s Health Halo a Mirage, Clinical Trials Suggest. JAMA. Published online April 08, 2020. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.5186
2. Neelakantan N, Seah JYH, van Dam RM. The Effect of Coconut Oil Consumption on Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Clinical Trials. Circulation. 2020 Mar 10;141(10):803-814.
3. W. M. A. D. B. Fernando, Ian J. Martins, K. G. Goozee, Charles S. Brennan, V. Jayasena and R. N. Martins. The role of dietary coconut for the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer’s disease: potential mechanisms of action. British Journal of Nutrition (2015), 114, 1–14.
4. 4. Laurence Eyres, Michael F. Eyres, Alexandra Chisholm, and Rachel C. Brown. Coconut oil consumption and cardiovascular risk factors in humans. Nutrition Reviews Vol. 74(4):267–280.
5. 台灣食品成分資料庫2018年版
#那些年你聽過的營養鬼話 #椰子油與健康 #營養麵包 #打破迷思 #歡迎分享
同時也有8部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過16萬的網紅夠維根Go Vegan,也在其Youtube影片中提到,FB粉絲專頁:https://www.facebook.com/GoVeganTW 提倡一種新的生活態度,透過動畫宣導"動物權利"! ------------------------------------------------- 感謝【台灣素食營養學會】整理資料、提供贊助 【台灣素食營養學會 ...
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cardiovascular disease prevention 在 國立臺灣大學 National Taiwan University Facebook 八卦
【本校防疫訊息 ~110年寒假臺灣大學集會與社團活動防疫規範】
NTU COVID-19 Prevention Message ~National Taiwan University Pandemic Prevention Guidelines Governing Gatherings And Club Events During 2021 Winter Vacation
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一、 依據110年1月19日教育部通報《提醒各級學校辦理集會活動防疫措施》,考量到疫情升溫,辦理各項集會與社團活動有人潮擁擠、長時間且近距離接觸,具有高度傳播之風險,一旦出現疑似個案或群聚事件,將提高防疫難度,因此強烈建議本校各單位審慎評估將集會與社團活動取消或延期舉辦。
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二、 如本校各單位評估有舉辦活動之必要性者,必須配合下列各項措施,如有任何一項措施無法配合者,請將該活動取消或延期舉辦:
😷(一) 通則(適用於各種集會、會議、用餐、聚餐、社團、與住宿活動):
1.居家檢疫、居家隔離、自主健康管理期間者,或與居家檢疫、居家隔離的家人同住者,以及有發燒、呼吸道症狀、腹瀉、嗅味覺異常等疑似症狀者(包括表演者及活動工作人員),不得參加本校各項活動。
2.如有罹患癌症、慢性肺病(含氣喘)、心血管疾病、腎臟、肝臟、神經、血液或代謝疾病者(含糖尿病)、血紅素病變、免疫不全需長期治療者、孕婦等,建議避免參加本校各項活動。
3.主辦單位必須事先掌握參加者資訊,至少包含姓名、聯絡方式、流行地區旅遊史、與確診病例接觸史。
4.主辦單位應於活動場域提供足量之手部清消用品,同時必須規劃固定入口,且於入口處進行體溫量測及手部消毒。
5.活動期間除用餐進食外,所有參加者與工作人員必須全程配戴醫用口罩,同時應儘量保持社交距離(室內1.5公尺、室外1公尺)。
6.活動空間必須保持通風良好,出入口大門應保持開啟,窗戶亦應儘量開啟至少15公分。
7.所有參加者與工作人員應儘量固定活動位置,亦應儘量減少近距離接觸互動。
8.活動過程中如有參加者出現疑似症狀,主辦單位應立即協助其儘快就醫。就醫後如有採檢,應立即通報本校保健中心。
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🍝(二) 用餐:
1.如非正在用餐時,所有參加人員必須配戴醫用口罩。
2.若空間足夠,則以梅花座等形式維持足夠社交距離(室內1.5公尺),或以隔板、屏風進行區隔。
3.空間不足夠時,則應「分時分眾」用餐,以維持足夠社交距離。
4.用餐時請勿交談,同時應避免人員彼此交流、互動。
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🏠(三) 住宿:
1.如非正在睡眠或洗浴時,所有參加人員必須配戴醫用口罩,同時應儘量保持社交距離(室內1.5公尺)。
2.洗浴空間必須有隔間,嚴禁團體共浴。如無隔間,則同一時間同一空間僅容許一人洗浴。
3.睡眠空間,床與床必須間隔至少1.5公尺。如床與床無法間隔1.5公尺以上距離,即應取消住宿活動。
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三、如本校出現任何一例確診個案(包含校內外人士),且該確診者足跡曾經進入臺大校園,本校所有單位即應考慮取消未辦或正在進行中之活動。
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四、本校集會與社團活動防疫規範將視疫情發展,依中央流行疫情指揮中心、臺北市政府、及教育部發布的公告內容隨時調整。
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國立臺灣大學防疫小組 敬上
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一、 According to the Reminder: Schools of All Levels Should Establish Pandemic Prevention Measures Regulating Gatherings released by the Ministry of Education on January 19, 2021, organizing gatherings and club activities in the current surge of outbreaks poses a high risk of transmission as such events are crowded, last for long hours, and participants are in close contact. The level of difficulty in pandemic prevention will increase once suspected individual or cluster infection occurs. In view of this, NTU strongly urges all of its departments and offices to carefully assess cancellation or postponement of gatherings or club activities.
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二、 The organizer considering such event necessary should follow the measures below. If any one of the following cannot be observed, the organizer should then cancel or postpone the event.
😷(I) General rules (applicable to all kinds of gatherings, meetings, dining, social dining, clubs, and accommodation:
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1.People undergoing home quarantine, home isolation or self-health management, or those living with family members undergoing home quarantine, home isolation or self-health management, as well as those showing suspected symptoms such as fever, respiratory complications, diarrhea, and abnormality of smell and taste (including performers and event workers) should be barred from participation.
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2.People with cancer, chronic lung disease (including asthma), cardiovascular disease, illnesses in kidney, liver, nerves, blood or metabolic disorders (including diabetes), hemoglobin disease, immune deficiency disease requiring long-term treatment, and pregnant women are advised to avoid participation.
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3.The organizer must obtain information of participants in advance, including at least name, contact info, travel history to pandemic affected regions, and contact history with confirmed cases.
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4.The organizer must provide sufficient hand sanitizers at the event venue and designate an entrance to take temperature and sanitize hands.
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5.Except while dining during the event, all participants and event staffs must wear a medical mask and maintain appropriate social distancing (1.5 meters indoors and 1 meter outdoors).
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6.The event space must be kept well-ventilated, the entrance and exit remained open, and windows left open by at least 15 centimeters.
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7.All participants and event workers should stay at designated areas and minimize contact at short distances.
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8.If participants become ill with suspected symptoms, the organizer should immediately help them seek medical attention and report to the NTU Health Center if any diagnostic test has been administered following the treatment.
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🍝(II) Dining
1.Except while dining, all participants must wear a medical mask.
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2.If there is enough space, implement crisscross seating to maintain proper social distancing (1.5 meters indoors), or compartmentalize using partitions or screens.
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3.If there is limited space, implement dining segmentation “by time and by group” to maintain adequate social distancing.
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4.Do not talk while dining and participants should refrain from conversation exchange or interaction.
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🏠(III) Accommodation
1.Except while sleeping or taking a shower, all participants must wear a medical mask and at the same time keep social distancing (1.5 meters indoors) where possible.
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2.The shower and bathing space must be partitioned and group bath is prohibited. If there is no partition, only one person can use the space at a time.
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3.In the sleeping area, beds should be separated from each other by at least 1.5 meters. If this cannot be done, then accommodation should be canceled altogether.
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三、 If any single confirmed case (including faculty, staff, and general visitors) occurs at NTU and whose footprint has entered the university campus, the responsible organizers should consider canceling all of the future or ongoing events.
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四、 NTU will stay current with the latest development in the COVID-19 pandemic and make timely adjustments to its Pandemic Prevention Guidelines for Gatherings and Club Events in accordance with the announcements released by Central Epidemic Command Center, Taipei City Government, and the Ministry of Education.
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Sincerely yours,
NTU Epidemic Prevention Team
cardiovascular disease prevention 在 營養麵包(呂孟凡營養師) Facebook 八卦
[omega-3與omega-6脂肪酸的比例與健康的關係]
上週到中廣的蔣公廚房節目接受訪問的時候,
主持人蔣偉文突然將話題一轉,
帶到了omega-3、6、9 脂肪酸攝取的問題上,
由於我的新書中沒有在這方面著墨,
加上自己長久以來雖然大致了解但也沒有認真研究過,
怕多講多錯,所以在訪問當下有點愣住,
事後覺得懊悔不已 囧rz,
之後就一直將這個主題記在腦中,
決定這週就要來要來發一篇相關內容。
關於omega-3以及omega-6脂肪酸是什麼,
請參考以下兩篇舊文章:
🌱何謂omega-3及omega-6脂肪酸 https://goo.gl/Pv1Ch1
🌱認識飽和、不飽和、omega-3、omega-6、反式脂肪酸 https://goo.gl/ZGLrcx
食物中最常見的這三種脂肪酸分別為:
🐟omega-3脂肪酸:alpha-亞麻酸(a-Linolenic acid)
🌻omega-6脂肪酸:亞油酸(Linoleic acid)
🍀omega-9脂肪酸:油酸(Oleic acid)
omega-3及omega-6脂肪酸為必須脂肪酸,
身體無法自行合成;
omega-9脂肪酸則非必須脂肪酸,
也較少針對omega-9脂肪酸的研究。
✨omega-3及omega-6脂肪酸對身體的影響✨
發炎反應是許多疾病的起因,
而omega-3脂肪酸在體內扮演著抗發炎的角色;
過多的omega-6則容易促發炎。
研究發現這兩種脂肪酸對人體的影響包括(Ref 1):
❗️亞油酸會增加低密度脂蛋白的氧化以及增加動脈粥狀硬化的嚴重性。
❗️當omega-6/omega-3的比例降低時,血小板的凝聚也會降低。
❗️omega-3脂肪酸會讓促發炎以及肥胖的基因表現降低。
❗️地中海飲食中較低的omega-6/omega-3比例會讓血管內皮生長因子減少。
等等不勝枚舉.......................
✨omega-6及omega-3脂肪酸的攝取比例怎樣較好?✨
📣對發生過心肌梗塞的病人而言,
攝取比例在4:1,可降低70%死亡率(Ref 2)。
📣攝取比例越接近1:1越能夠預防各種疾病(Ref 3)。
📣根據各種研究的結果,專家們認為最想的攝取比例為1:1至2:1(Ref 4)。
因為飲食實在是太複雜難以控制,各種研究中無法達到一致的攝取比例,
但結論就是比例越低似乎對身體各方面越好。
✨想達到良好油脂比例到底要怎麼吃才好?✨
(以下請參考圖片表格一起看比較清楚)
大部分植物油中omega-6脂肪酸的量都遠高於omega-3脂肪酸,
只有亞麻仁油例外,但亞麻仁油價格昂貴且不適合高溫烹調。
橄欖油以及苦茶油(油茶油)因為omega-9單元不飽和脂肪酸的比例很高,
相較之下omega-6的含量就很低,一直以來都很受歡迎。
其次,茶油以及芥花油也是不錯的選擇。
動物油的omega-6看起來也比較低沒錯,
但別忘了那是因為它們富含飽和脂肪,
所以不要誤以為吃動物油比較健康喔!
由於植物油中的omega-3脂肪酸含量都相對少,
外食族也沒辦法自己選擇烹調用油,
所以建議每週可攝取2-3次富含omega-3脂肪酸的深海魚,
以降低omega-6/omega-3的攝取比例,
應該就算是比較理想的做法了!
至於哪些魚類的omega-3脂肪酸含量比較高請參考圖二~
✨營養麵包碎碎念✨
飲食是生活中很重要的一環,也是一種享受,
要控制得極其嚴格達到理想的油脂攝取比例,
我覺得是非常困難的,就算是我自己也做不到!
所以只要掌握大原則即可,不要過度逼迫自己喔!
除此之外,
運動以及健康的作息也是很重要的一環~
祝福大家都健健康康😄😄😄
References:
1. Simopoulos, A. P. (2010). The omega-6/omega-3 fatty acid ratio: health implications. Oléagineux, Corps Gras, Lipides, 17(5), 267–275.
2. De Lorgeril, M., Renaud, S., Salen, P., Monjaud, I., Mamelle, N., Martin, J. ., … Delaye, J. (1994). Mediterranean alpha-linolenic acid-rich diet in secondary prevention of coronary heart disease. The Lancet, 343(8911), 1454–1459.
3. Russo, G. L. (2009). Dietary n−6 and n−3 polyunsaturated fatty acids: From biochemistry to clinical implications in cardiovascular prevention. Biochemical Pharmacology, 77(6), 937–946.
4. Gómez Candela C, Bermejo López LM, Loria Kohen V. (2011) Importance of a balanced omega 6/omega 3 ratio for the maintenance of health: nutritional recommendations. Nutr Hosp, 26(2):323‐329.
cardiovascular disease prevention 在 夠維根Go Vegan Youtube 的評價
FB粉絲專頁:https://www.facebook.com/GoVeganTW
提倡一種新的生活態度,透過動畫宣導"動物權利"!
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感謝【台灣素食營養學會】整理資料、提供贊助
【台灣素食營養學會 官網】http://www.twvns.org/
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【補充資料】
大型研究證實素食降糖尿病機率 https://goo.gl/ohCJdg
1. 糖尿病的世界趨勢
IDF - 2015 Diabetes Atla.
2. 引發糖尿病的食物排行
Ley, S. H., et al. (2014). "Prevention and management of type 2 diabetes: dietary components and nutritional strategies." Lancet 383(9933): 1999-2007.
3. 戰勝糖尿病:馬希爾島的經驗
Davis, Brenda (2008). Defeating Diabetes: Lessons From the Marshall Islands. Today’s Dietitian. Vol. 10 No. 8 P. 24
4. 素食預防糖尿病 (台灣研究)
Chiu, T. H., et al. (2014). "Taiwanese vegetarians and omnivores: dietary composition, prevalence of diabetes and IFG." PLoS One 9(2): e88547.
5. 素食預防糖尿病 (美國研究)
Tonstad, S., et al. (2013). "Vegetarian diets and incidence of diabetes in the Adventist Health Study-2." Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 23(4): 292 - 299.
6. 低脂純素飲食,可改善第二型糖尿病的血糖控制、心血管疾病危險因子
Barnard, N. D., et al. (2006). "A low-fat vegan diet improves glycemic control and cardiovascular risk factors in a randomized clinical trial in individuals with type 2 diabetes." Diabetes Care 29(8): 1777-1783.
7. 逆轉心血管疾病
Ornish, D., et al. (1990). "Can lifestyle changes reverse coronary heart disease? The Lifestyle Heart Trial." Lancet 336(8708): 129-133.
8. 素食對糖尿病的預防與治療
Kahleova, H. and T. Pelikanova (2015). "Vegetarian Diets in the Prevention and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes." J Am Coll Nutr 34(5): 448-458.
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cardiovascular disease prevention 在 The Michelle Chong Channel Youtube 的評價
Michelle and Papa Chong reflect on Papa Chong’s journey living with diabetes and heart disease. If you or your loved ones have diabetes, go to https://foryoursweetheart.sg/ to find out more on how to manage your or your loved ones’ risk of developing heart disease.
Special Thanks: Diabetes Singapore, Singapore Heart Foundation, Boehringer Ingelheim
#ForYourSweetheartSG
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INSTAGRAM
Michelle Chong - https://instagram.com/immichellechong/
Papa Chong - https://instagram.com/papachongcooks/
Left Profile - https://instagram.com/leftprofile/
FACEBOOK
Michelle Chong - https://facebook.com/michellechongrocks/
Left Profile - https://facebook.com/LeftProfilePage/
EMAIL
For business/artiste enquiries, email us directly at diana@leftprofile.com
VISIT OUR WEBSITE
https://leftprofile.com/
ADDRESS
Left Profile | Huat Films
18 Howard Road #09-05 Novelty BizCentre
Singapore 369585
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cardiovascular disease prevention 在 DJ Macky Suson Youtube 的評價
Health benefits of regular cycling
Cycling is mainly an aerobic activity, which means that your heart, blood vessels and lungs all get a workout. You will breathe deeper, perspire and experience increased body temperature, which will improve your overall fitness level.
The health benefits of regular cycling include:
increased cardiovascular fitness
increased muscle strength and flexibility
improved joint mobility
decreased stress levels
improved posture and coordination
strengthened bones
decreased body fat levels
prevention or management of disease
reduced anxiety and depression.
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Cycling and specific health issues
Cycling can improve both physical and mental health, and can reduce the chances of experiencing many health problems.
Obesity and weight control
Cycling is a good way to control or reduce weight, as it raises your metabolic rate, builds muscle and burns body fat. If you’re trying to lose weight, cycling must be combined with a healthy eating plan. Cycling is a comfortable form of exercise and you can change the time and intensity – it can be built up slowly and varied to suit you.
Research suggests you should be burning at least 8,400 kilojoules (about 2,000 calories) a week through exercise. Steady cycling burns about 1,200 kilojoules (about 300 calories) per hour.
If you cycle twice a day, the kilojoules burnt soon add up. British research shows that a half-hour bike ride every day will burn nearly five kilograms of fat over a year.
Cardiovascular disease and cycling
Cardiovascular diseases include stroke, high blood pressure and heart attack. Regular cycling stimulates and improves your heart, lungs and circulation, reducing your risk of cardiovascular diseases.
Cycling strengthens your heart muscles, lowers resting pulse and reduces blood fat levels. Research also shows that people who cycle to work have two to three times less exposure to pollution than car commuters, so their lung function is improved. A Danish study conducted over 14 years with 30,000 people aged 20 to 93 years found that regular cycling protected people from heart disease.
Cancer and cycling
Many researchers have studied the relationship between exercise and cancer, especially colon and breast cancer. Research has shown that if you cycle, the chance of bowel cancer is reduced. Some evidence suggests that regular cycling reduces the risk of breast cancer.
Diabetes and cycling
The rate of type 2 diabetes is increasing and is a serious public health concern. Lack of physical activity is thought to be a major reason why people develop this condition. Large-scale research in Finland found that people who cycled for more than 30 minutes per day had a 40 per cent lower risk of developing diabetes.
Bone injuries, arthritis and cycling
Cycling improves strength, balance and coordination. It may also help to prevent falls and fractures. Riding a bike is an ideal form of exercise if you have osteoarthritis, because it is a low-impact exercise that places little stress on joints.
Cycling does not specifically help osteoporosis (bone-thinning disease) because it is not a weight-bearing exercise.
Mental illness and cycling
Mental health conditions such as depression, stress and anxiety can be reduced by regular bike riding. This is due to the effects of the exercise itself and because of the enjoyment that riding a bike can bring.
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cardiovascular disease prevention 在 Strategies to prevent heart disease - Mayo Clinic 的相關結果
Advertisement · 1. Don't smoke or use tobacco · 2. Get moving: Aim for at least 30 to 60 minutes of activity daily · 3. Eat a heart-healthy diet · 4. Maintain a ... ... <看更多>
cardiovascular disease prevention 在 Preventing Heart Disease | The Nutrition Source 的相關結果
Choose fish, poultry, beans, and nuts; limit red meat and cheese; avoid bacon, cold cuts, and other processed meats. ... Eat a variety of whole grains (like whole ... ... <看更多>
cardiovascular disease prevention 在 Prevent Heart Disease | cdc.gov 的相關結果
Choose Healthy Habits · Choose Healthy Foods and Drinks. Choose healthy meals and snacks to help prevent heart disease and its complications. ... <看更多>