毋忘五大訴求 公民抗命有理
—10‧20九龍遊行陳情書
(案件編號:DCCC 535/2020)
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「毋忘初衷,活在愛和真實之中」
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胡法官雅文閣下:
2012年,我第一次站在法庭上承認違反「公安惡法」,述說對普選的盼望,批評公安惡法不義,並因公民抗命的緣故,甘心樂意接受刑罰。當年我說,如果小圈子選舉沒有被廢除,惡法沒有消失,我依然會一如故我,公民抗命,並且我相信將會有更多學生和市民加入這個行列。想不到時至今日,普選仍然遙遙無期,我亦再次被帶到法庭接受審判,但只是短短7年,已經有數十萬計的群眾公民抗命,反對暴政。今日,我承認違反「未經批准的政府」所訂立「未經批准的惡法」之下的「未經批准集結」罪,我不打算尋求法庭的憐憫,但請容許我佔用法庭些微時間陳情,讓法庭在判刑前有全面考慮。
暴力之濫觴
在整個反修例運動如火如荼之際,我正承擔另一宗公民抗命案件的刑責。雖然身在獄中,但仍然心繫手足。我在獄中電視機前見證6月9日、6月16日及8月18日三次百萬港人大遊行,幾多熱愛和平的港人冒天雨冒彈雨走上街頭,抗議不義惡法,今日關於10月20日的案件,亦是如此。可能有人會問,政府已在6月暫緩修例,更在9月正式撤回修例,我等仍然繼續示威,豈非無理取鬧?我相信法官閣下肯定聽過「遲來的正義並非正義」(Justice delayed is justice denied)這句格言。當過百萬群眾走上街頭,和平表達不滿的時候,林鄭政府沒有理睬,反而獨行獨斷,粗暴踐踏港人的意願,結果製造出後來連綿不絕的爭拗,甚至你死我活的對抗。經歷眾多衝突痛苦之後,所謂暫緩撤回,已經微不足道,我們只是更加清楚:沒有民主,就連基本人權都不會擁有!
在本案之中,雖然我們都沒有鼓動或作出暴力行為,但根據早前8‧18及10‧1兩宗案件,相信在控方及法庭眼中,案發當日的暴力事件仍然可以算在我們頭上,如此,我有必要問:如果香港有一個公平正義的普及選舉,人民可以在立法會直接否決他們不認可的法律,試問2019年的暴力衝突可以從何而來呢?如果我們眼見的暴力是如此十惡不赦,那麼我們又如何看待百萬人遊行後仍然堅持推行惡法的制度暴力呢?如果我們不能接受人民暴力反抗,那麼我們是否更加不能對更巨大更壓逼的制度暴力沈默不言?真正且經常發生的暴力,是漠視人民訴求的暴力,是踐踏人民意見的暴力,是剝奪人民表達權利的暴力。真正憎恨暴力,痛恨暴力的人,不可能一方面指摘暴力反抗,又容忍制度暴力。如果我需要承擔和平遊行引發出來的暴力事件的刑責,那麼誰應該承擔施政失敗所引發出來的社會騷亂的罪責呢?
社會之病根
對於法庭而言,可能2019年所發生的事情只是一場社會騷亂,務必追究違法者個人責任。然而,治亂治其本源,醫病醫其病根,我雖然公民抗命,刻意違法,控方把我帶上法庭,但我卻不應被理解為一個「犯罪個體」。2019年所發生的事情,並不是我一個人或我們這幾位被告可以促成,社會問題的癥結不是「犯罪份子」本身,而是「犯罪原因」。我明白「治亂世用重典」的道理,但如果「殺雞儆猴」是解決方法,就不會在2016年發生旺角騷亂及2017年上訴庭對示威者施以重刑後,2019年仍然會爆發出更大規模的暴力反抗。
如果不希望社會動亂,就必須正本清源,逐步落實「五大訴求」,從根本上改革,挽回民心。2019年反修例運動,其實只是2014年雨傘運動的延續而已,縱使法庭可能認為兩個運動皆是「一股歪風」所引起,但我必須澄清,兩個運動的核心就是追求民主普選,人民當家作主。在2019年11月24日區議會選舉這個最類近全民普選的選舉中,接近300萬人投票,民主派大勝,奪得17個區議會主導權,這就是整個反修例運動的民意,民意就是反對政府決策,反對制度暴力,反對推行惡法,不容爭辯,不辯自明。我們作為礦場裡的金絲雀,多次提醒政府撤回修法,並從根本上改革制度,而在10月20日的九龍遊行當然是反映民意的平台契機。如今,法庭對我們施加重刑,其實只不過是懲罰民意,將金絲雀困在鳥籠之內,甚至扼殺於鼓掌之中,窒礙表達自由。
堅持之重要
大運動過後的大鎮壓,使我們失去《蘋果日報》,失去教協,失去民陣,不少民主派領袖以及曾為運動付出的手足戰友都囚於獄中,不少曾經熱情投入運動的朋友亦因《國安法》的威脅轉為低調,新聞自由示威自由日漸萎縮,公民社會受到沈重打擊,我亦失去不少摯友,有感傷孤獨的時候,但我仍然相信,2019年香港人的信念,以及所展現人類的光輝持久未變。我不會忘記百萬人民冒雨捱熱抗拒暴政,抵制惡法,展現我們眾志成城;我不會忘記人潮紅海,讓道救護車,展現我們文明精神;我不會忘記年青志士直接行動反對苛政,捨身成仁,展現我們膽色勇氣;我不會忘記銀髮一族走上街頭保護年青人,展現我們彼此關懷;我不會忘記「五大訴求」,不會忘記2019年區議會選舉,展現我們有理有節。
法官閣下,我對於當日的所作所為,不感羞恥,毫無悔意。我能夠在出獄後與群眾同行一路,與戰友同繫一獄,實是莫大榮幸。若法治失去民主基石,將使法庭無奈地接受專制政權所訂立解釋的法律限制,隨時變成政治工具掃除異見,因此爭取民主普選,建設真正法治,追求公平正義,仍然是我的理想。在這條路上,如有必要,我仍然會公民抗命,正如終審法院海外非常任法官賀輔明(Lord Hoffmann)所言,發自良知的公民抗命有悠久及光榮的傳統,歷史將證明我們是正確的。我期望,曾與我一起遊行抗命的手足戰友要堅持信念,在艱難歲月裡毋忘初衷,活在愛和真實之中。
最後,如9年前一樣,我想借用美國民權領袖馬丁路德金牧師的一番話對我們的反對者說:「我們將以自己忍受苦難的能力,來較量你們製造苦難的能力。我們將用我們靈魂的力量,來抵禦你們物質的暴力。對我們做你們想做的事吧,我們仍然愛你們。我們不能憑良心服從你們不公正的法律,因為拒惡與為善一樣是道德責任。將我們送入監獄吧,我們仍然愛你們。」(We shall match your capacity to inflict suffering by our capacity to endure suffering. We shall meet your physical force with soul force. Do to us what you will, and we shall continue to love you. We cannot in all good conscience obey your unjust laws because noncooperation with evil is as much a moral obligation as is cooperation with good. Throw us in jail and we shall still love you.)
願慈愛的主耶穌賜我們平安,與我和我一家同在,與法官閣下同在,與香港人同在。沒有暴徒,只有暴政;五大訴求,缺一不可!願榮耀歸上帝,榮光歸人民!
第五被告
黃浩銘
二零二一年八月十九日
Lest we forget the five demands: civil disobedience is morally justified
- Statement on 10‧20 Kowloon Rally
(Case No.: DCCC 535/2020)
Your Honour Judge Woodcock
In 2012, I stood before the court and admitted to violating the "Public Security Evil Law". I expressed my hope for universal suffrage, criticized the evil law as unjust, and willingly accepted the penalty for civil disobedience. Back then, I said that if the small-circle election had not been abolished and the draconian law had not disappeared, I would still be as determined as I was, and I believe that more students and citizens would join this movement. Today, universal suffrage is still a long way off, and I have been brought before the court again for trial. But in just seven years, hundreds of thousands of people have already risen up in civil disobedience against tyranny. Today, I plead guilty to "unauthorised assembly" under an unapproved evil law enacted by an unauthorised government. I do not intend to seek the court's mercy, but please allow me to take up a little time in court to present my case so that the court can consider all aspects before sentencing me.
The roots of violence
At the time when the whole anti-extradition law movement was in full-swing, I was taking responsibility for another civil disobedience case. Although I was in prison, my heart was still with the people. I witnessed the three million-person rallies on 9 June, 16 June and 18 August on television in prison, when many peace-loving people took to the streets despite the rain and bullets, to protest against unjust laws. Some people may ask, "The Government has already suspended the legislative amendments in June and formally withdrew the bill in September, but we are still demonstrating, are we not being unreasonable?" I am sure your Honour has heard of the adage "Justice delayed is justice denied". When more than a million people took to the streets to express their discontent peacefully, the Lam administration ignored them and instead acted arbitrarily, brutally trampling on the wishes of the people of Hong Kong, resulting in endless arguments and even confrontations. After so many conflicts and painful experiences, the so-called moratorium is no longer meaningful. We only know better: without democracy, we cannot even have basic human rights!
In this case, although we did not instigate or commit acts of violence, I believe that in the eyes of the prosecution and the court, the violence on the day of the incident can still be counted against us, based on the August 18 and October 1 case. And now I must ask - If Hong Kong had a fair and just universal election, and the public could directly veto laws they did not approve of at the Legislative Council, then how could the violent clashes of 2019 have come about? If the violence we see is so heinous, how do we feel about the institutional violence that insists on the imposition of draconian laws even after millions of people have taken to the streets? If we cannot accept violent rebellion, how can we remain silent in the face of even greater and more oppressive institutional violence? The true and frequent violence is the kind of violence that ignores people's demands, that tramples on their opinions, that deprives them of their right to express themselves. People who truly hate violence and abhor it cannot accuse violent resistance on the one hand and tolerate institutional violence on the other. If I have to bear the criminal responsibility for the violence caused by the peaceful demonstration, then who should bear the criminal responsibility for the social unrest caused by failed administration?
The roots of society's problems
From a court's point of view, it may be that what happened in 2019 was just a series of social unrest, and that those who broke the law must be held personally accountable. What happened in 2019 was not something that I alone or the defendants could have made possible, and the crux of the social problem was not the 'criminals' but the 'causes of crime'. I understand the concept of " applying severe punishment to a troubled world", but if "decimation" was really the solution, there would not have been more violent rebellions in 2019 after the Mongkok "riot" in 2016 and the heavy sentences handed down to protesters by the Court of Appeal in 2017.
If we do not want social unrest, we must get to the root of the problem and implement the "five demands" step by step, so as to achieve fundamental reforms and win back the hearts of the people. 2019's anti-revision movement is indeed a continuation of 2014's Umbrella Movement, and even though the court may think that both movements are caused by a "perverse wind", I must clarify that the core of both movements is the pursuit of democracy and universal suffrage, and the people being the masters of their own house. In the District Council election on 24 November 2019, which is the closest thing to universal suffrage, nearly 3 million people voted, and the democratic camp won a huge victory, winning majority in 17 District Councils. As canaries in the monetary coal mine, we have repeatedly reminded the government to withdraw the extradition bill and fundamentally reform the system, and the march in Kowloon on 20 October was certainly an opportunity to reflect public opinion. Now, by imposing heavy penalties on us, the court is only punishing public opinion, trapping the canaries in a birdcage, or even stifling them in the palm of their hands, suffocating the freedom of expression.
The importance of persistence
As a result of the crackdown after the mass movement, we lost Apple Daily, the Hong Kong Professional Teachers' Union, and the Civil Human Rights Front. Many of our democratic leaders and comrades who had contributed to the movement were imprisoned, and many of our friends who had been passionately involved in the movement had been forced to lay low under the threat of the National Security Law. I still believe that the faith of Hong Kong people and the glory of humanity seen in 2019 will remain unchanged. I will never forget the millions of people who braved the rain and the heat to resist tyranny and evil laws, demonstrating our unity of purpose; I will never forget the crowds of people who gave way to ambulances, demonstrating our civility; I will never forget the young people who sacrificed their lives, demonstrating our courage and bravery; I will never forget the silver-haired who took to the streets to protect the youth, demonstrating our care for each other; I will never forget the "five demands" and the 2019 District Council election, demonstrating our rationality and decency.
Your Honour, I have nothing to be ashamed of and no remorse for what I did on that day. It is my great honour to be in prison with my comrades and to be able to walk with the public after my release. If the rule of law were to lose its democratic foundation, the courts would have no choice but to accept the legal restrictions set by the autocratic regime and become a political tool to eliminate dissent at any time. As Lord Hoffmann, a non-permanent overseas judge of the Court of Final Appeal, said, civil disobedience from the conscience has a long and honourable tradition, and history will prove us right. I hope that my comrades in arms who walked with me in protests will keep their faith and live in love and truth in the midst of this difficult time.
Finally, as I did nine years ago, I would like to say something to those who oppose us, borrowing the words of American civil rights leader Reverend Martin Luther King: "We shall match your capacity to inflict suffering by our capacity to endure suffering. We shall meet your physical force with soul force. Do to us what you will, and we shall continue to love you. We cannot in all good conscience obey your unjust laws because noncooperation with evil is as much a moral obligation as is cooperation with good. Throw us in jail and we shall still love you."
Peace be with me and my family, with Your Honour, and with the people of Hong Kong. There are no thugs, only tyranny; five demands, not one less! To god be the glory and to people be the glory!
The Fifth Defendant
Wong Ho Ming
19 August 2021
濫觴用法 在 許毓仁 Facebook 八卦
【我讓新創聲音走入政治,也讓新創人才洄游臺灣!】
還記得上月底,我和副總統參選人張善政、YouTube創辦人陳士駿與眾多臺灣新創圈佼佼者的會談嗎?
我的好友-YouTube影音平台共同創辦人陳士駿(Steve Chen)-是第一張國發會就業金卡(工作許可、居留簽證、外僑居留證及重入國許可,四證合一的個人准證)的持有人,當時這可是歷史的重大一步,但也看出我們與國際的差距多遠。
2016年我去參加一場陳士駿在臺灣的演講,正巧他的父親就坐在我旁邊,幾番寒暄後,給了我陳士駿的email與一個拜訪他的機會。隔年我就利用參訪矽谷的契機,造訪了陳士駿在加州的家,我們一拍即合,這是我們長久友誼的開端,也是我不斷遊說他搬回臺灣為國內新創圈帶來矽谷能量的濫觴。
2017年在國發會、許多立委與我的推動下,通過了《外國專業人才延攬及僱用法》,目標讓臺灣成為高階人才的寶島,而在許多有力人士辛苦地奔波下,陳士駿則成為了第一張國發會就業金卡的持有人。
在協助陳士駿回臺就業的過程中,我認為臺灣在吸引外籍人才上還有以下問題尚待解決:
1|政府機構間資訊流通並不透明
陳士駿決定舉家遷居台灣後,想弄清楚小孩教育問題以及配偶的工作問題,但他到了舊金山領事館,館員卻對相關問題一問三不知,就業簽證相關法規也是過時的。我認為臺灣政府可參考紐西蘭的Edmund Hillary Fellowship 或是澳洲的Global Talent Visa,這都是一站式簡易申請窗口,給予外國創業家準國民待遇的彈性攬才方案。
2|對母語非中文人士不夠友善
陳士駿8歲就離開台灣,能以中文對話,但閱讀仍有困難。為了辦理遷居來台手續,有許多法規和租屋合約都只有中文版本,讓他一個頭兩個大。他為此在臺灣聘請一位中英雙語的秘書,幫他處理辦理文件、找房子等事情,我認為如果政府更重視外語人員聘用,方是這問題的解決之道。
3|政府態度不夠積極
臺灣政府在面對吸引高階人才上一直處於牛步狀態,但其他國家可都用打仗的心態在面對:新加坡的經濟發展局在矽谷有辦公室,年輕的公務員經常會與矽谷新創往來,極力吸引人才到新加坡創業,非常積極。
人才是重要的資源,獵才是世界盃比賽,臺灣政府吸引人才應該要用企業獵人頭的思維,希望在陳士駿洄游臺灣後,海外高階人才鮭魚返鄉的路途能更簡潔順遂。打造海外新創歸鄉的路雖然辛苦,卻也持續在臺灣歷史上寫下美麗篇章。
完整報導:
天下雜誌👉 https://reurl.cc/8lb63o
濫觴用法 在 Amy韓國代購 Facebook 八卦
😱😱看看韓國曾施行的實名制經驗借鏡(韓國社會好像蠻嚴謹的😅😅)
因為模特兒楊又穎被人匿名寫出抹黑言論,造成心理創傷而輕生,這也讓所謂的「網路霸凌」問題浮上檯面,而是不是該有「網路霸凌專法」也成為最近的熱門議題,今日(4月30日)國家通訊傳播委員會主委石世豪就針對網路霸凌是否應立專法管制,表達了 NCC 的反對立場
根據蘋果日報報導,石世豪明確表達「我認為不應有任何箝制網路言論的法律。」他認為網路讓參與者更能對公共事務勇於表達意見,不過如果是針對非公眾人物的言論,彼此則更需要多一份體諒。
石世豪也認為現行法律已有規範,主要是要將目前的規範落實,並啟動保護機制,他認為網路言論在沈澱後會慢慢消退,不需要因此加強對網路言論的控制。
而 Nownews 也引述了立委李鴻鈞與羅淑蕾的質詢說法:李鴻鈞認為依照現行法令,被告需本刑三年以上才能查證 IP,NCC 要參考「國際作法」,他也認為會被霸凌的人「個性行為不是那麼正常」,需要法律幫助他們;而羅淑蕾則認為依照現行法律,網路霸凌必須自行提告,官司纏訟一到兩年,她認為 NCC 需要主動出擊「遏止」網路霸凌,不是把問題丟給受害者。
國際經驗?參考韓國之意見
韓國在 2005 年發生「狗屎女」事件:一名韓國女子帶著寵物狗搭地鐵,讓狗隨地便溺卻不清理,甚至還對勸戒的他人惡言相向。這件事情被人用手機拍下並傳上網路,引發了韓國鄉民的群情激憤,網路的留言很快就淹沒了這個女孩的周圍與家人,不但有極為可怕的惡搞圖片流傳,女孩的家人也受到了現實騷擾。
最終女孩不得不出來公開道歉,並因此遭到退學,且罹患了精神疾病,全家被迫搬家、隱姓埋名,而女孩的姊姊也不得不離開原本的工作。
這件事情的後續評論效應影響了韓國民眾對於網路實名制的看法,當時韓國 Yahoo 做了一項調查,有 79% 的民眾支持網路實名制,而這個事件也成為韓國政府決定施行網路實名制的濫觴,進行立法程序並於 2007 年開始施行網路實名制,規定頁面瀏覽量在 30 萬人次以上的網站都必須要引入身分驗證機制,使用者必須在後台使用真實資料與身分證號註冊。
2008 年,韓國男明星安在煥自殺,網路出現謠言,指女明星崔真實向好友男星安在煥放高利貸逼死了自己的好友,患有抑鬱症的崔真實深受打擊,最終走向自殺的道路。而首爾法院則對兩名散佈謠言的證券公司職員判刑。
這件事情加強了韓國政府對網路的管控,原本曾答應「不損害網路匿名性正面作用」的韓國政府,將身分驗證機制擴大至瀏覽量 10 萬人次以上的網站,當時有 135 家網站因此而需要以實名註冊。
而這更嚴格的規定也被稱為「崔真實法案」。
實名制當真有用嗎?
金融時報中文版以《韓國互聯網實名制的教訓》一文,撰寫出實名制實施後發生的問題。
作者金宰賢引述韓國大學的一位教授研究表示,事實上該制度實施後,毀謗他人的網路貼文比例僅從 13.9% 減少到 12.2%,而如果以網路 IP 位址做基礎認證,會發現網路各大論壇的討論人數從 2585 人減少到 737 人。
事實上根據調查,有三分之二的網路使用者並不害怕使用實名散佈負面言論,有句話為「法不責眾」,一旦有過多人有違法行為,因為違法的人過多而讓法律難以追究。換句話說,當數千乃至數萬人進行惡意言論攻擊時,政府不太可能將這些人通通抓起來起訴。
在韓國國內,可以騙過身分證登入的軟體也開始於網路上流通,該軟體可以生出騙過身分驗證替蓊的資料;另外一方面,不想受到實名制限制的使用者,則轉向了海外的論壇與網站。
而 Youtube 被指定成為實名制對象後,就把韓國分站的上傳與留言關掉,引導使用者轉向美國本站,部分網站也開始選擇不公布自己的瀏覽次數,以避免成為實名制追查的對象。
實名制違反韓國憲法
而且在實名制實施後,各大網站成為各大駭客的重要目標,韓國的入口網站 Nate 與韓國社群網站 Cyworld 皆受到駭客攻擊,總共有 3500 萬筆個資外洩,其中更包括姓名、生日、電話、住址、帳密、身分證字號等敏感資訊。
這些問題不得不讓時任南韓總統的李明博正視,並於 2012 年宣布將重新檢討網路實名制。
不過有趣的是,2010 年韓國民間團體所提起的釋憲訴願,也正好就在 2012 年 8 月判決,8 名韓國法官一致同意網路實名制屬於違憲,認為此法律不但限制了言論自由,同時也沒有真正展現實名制的公益性,反而顯現更多的弊病。
在韓國憲法裁判所的判決中也指出,西方國家如英、美、德等主要是基於民間自律,政府可以透過 IP 追蹤達成損害賠償、刑事處罰等目的,而無需透過實名制實行。
就這樣韓國的實名制爭議告一段落,而就在鄰居已經有前車之鑑的當下,中國已經於今年初在微博等網站準備開始實施實名制,以加強管理執法的制度。根據中國官方資料顯示,目前微信等軟體的真實身分註冊比例已經超過 80%,而中國的狀況
網路言論自由應予保障
目前台灣的法律需要三年以上的刑責才能追蹤 IP,或許相關制度與落實有值得檢討之處,但政府絕不應主動涉入所謂的「網路惡言」霸凌的規範制定中,如果政府主動偵辦,就等於政府必須度量怎樣的言論屬於「網路霸凌」規範,例如幾次「渾球」、「王八蛋」、「垃圾」、「賤貨」等字眼,或是明確理解怎樣的文字將構成霸凌,反而限制了人民在發言上的自由。
一條生命的逝去固然令人惋惜,但我們在檢討台灣是否過於「自由」的同時,也應該從各種面相理解原因與狀況,就在讀者閱讀本篇文章的同時,霸凌正在全世界的每一個角落無時無刻發生中,不只是網路,可能是更難讓受害者發聲的校園、街頭,都無時無刻正在發生霸凌事件。韓國的教訓也讓我們知道,實名制與限制沒辦法完全防堵謾罵毀謗的發生,這絕對不是設立網路實名制、反霸凌專法就可以解決的問題。
大法官釋字第 509 號中,明確認定言論自由為人民之基本權利,國家應給予最大限度之維護,同時也將意見自由的認事用法之權責轉給了法院,而不是國家,每個案件都應該按照法律程序判決,而非讓國家限制,才能給予言論自由最大保障,並能依 509 號釋字所述:
「鑑於言論自由有實現自我、溝通意見、追求真理、滿足人民知的權利,形成公意,促進各種合理的政治及社會活動之功能,乃維持民主多元社會正常發展不可或缺之機制,國家應給予最大限度之保障。惟為保護個人名譽、隱私等法益及維護公共利益,國家對言論自由尚非不得依其傳播方式為適當限制。」
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