property agency中文的八卦，Yahoo名人娛樂都在討論

Financial Times:
//中國的統戰工作遠遠不止於影響澳、紐政府。 澳洲國立大學國家安全學院院長Rory Medcalf說：“中國共產黨正試圖壓制世界各國僑民的異見。” “它使用一套方法來實現其目標：政治捐款，控制中文媒體，動員社區和學生群體去從事中共代理甚至參與領事官員的強制性活動“。//

金融時報日前報導, 西方各國開始更為警惕＂外國勢力中國＂。內文提到，中共在各國的統戰活動，比俄羅斯更具長遠目光，也更傾向同化他國社會；中國所用的統戰策略，香港與台灣大概不會感到陌生。

在中國日漸被視為具威脅力的sharp power之際，值得重溫新加坡學者朋友早前的文章——這篇文章，談在新加坡加強以國家為本位的中國國情教育之必要, 以應對愈來愈複雜且緊張的新中關係, 也為防止新加坡在中國壓力之下"芬蘭化"。

Commentary: The growing importance of China studies with Singapore characteristics

https://www.facebook.com/…/a.10294936538…/1451773864921387/…

#中國作為外國勢力
#星港比較


West grows wary of China’s influence game

“Chinese operations are much more subtle, less targeted and more about long-term influence-building than Russian operations,” says Christopher Johnson, the former head of the China desk at the Central Intelligence Agency and now a senior fellow at the Center for Strategic and International Studies in Washington.

“But as we start to realise that China intends to socialise us rather than become more like us, the debate in the west has taken on a harder edge and people are asking whether 40 years of engagement might have been a sham.”

＂Politicians from both sides of the aisle have been reticent to question how Jian Yang managed to have such a successful political career while keeping his military intelligence background secret. In contrast to Australia, New Zealand’s politicians and business elite appear much less willing to openly criticise any of Beijing’s actions out of fear of offending a big trading partner.

But China’s United Front work goes far beyond influencing antipodean governments. “The Chinese Communist party is seeking to suppress dissent among its diaspora in countries around the world,” says Rory Medcalf, head of the national security college at Australian National University. “It uses a tapestry of methods to achieve its goals: political donations, control of Chinese language media, mobilising community and student groups; and engaging in coercive activities that involve CCP proxies and even consular officials.”

Along with the carrots of economic engagement and market access, Beijing also uses sticks. Foreign journalists, politicians, businesspeople and academics regarded as “unfriendly” to China are refused visas to visit the country, attacked by state media and paid online trolls and sometimes targeted by Chinese hackers. The families of Chinese students and recent emigrants are often threatened by state security agents back in China if they are seen as stepping out of line while abroad.

One of the Chinese billionaires who allegedly provided donations to Mr Dastyari is Huang Xiangmo, founder of a property development company in Shenzhen who moved to Sydney with his family in 2011. Until recently he was chairman of the Australian Council for the Peaceful Reunification of China, a United Front-backed organisation.

As well as donating to politics, Mr Huang helped fund a China-focused think-tank at University of Technology Sydney, which has Bob Carr, a former Australian foreign minister, as its director. Mr Huang eventually resigned as chairman of the Australian-China Relations Institute’s advisory board when some academics questioned whether it was becoming a mouthpiece for Chinese propaganda."

https://www.ft.com/con…/d3ac306a-e188-11e7-8f9f-de1c2175f5ce

大家晚安 ^^
課程學習：中級英文段落精讀與文章閱讀

中美洲有大量的孩童，父母讓他們獨自違法入境美國，這讓美國頭大了，到底要把這些孩子視為難民嗎？如何處理這些沒有父母在身邊的孩童？我個人想法，這些父母無非是要讓孩子遠離貧窮，骨肉分離，很難想像人生的悲苦。就美國的立場，如何照顧每年兩萬多個這樣的孩童，這真是非常有挑戰性的問題。不知大家有什麼想法呢？

編輯這一課時，我個人也學到一個用語，很棒，跟大家分享。the benefit of the doubt 起碼的公道；姑且相信 (證據不足的情況下，假設某人無辜)

第 10 課：如何定義難民？
What Makes a Refugee?

重點單字與片語：
01. struggle [ˋstrʌgəl] v. n. 掙扎；奮鬥；搏鬥；艱難地行進
02. refugee [͵rɛfjʊˋdʒi] n. 難民；逃亡者
03. to deal with 處理
04. to depend on 視~而定；依靠
05. property [ˋprɑpɚtɪ] n. 財產，所有物，房地產；特質，特性
06. asylumn [əˋsaɪləm] n. 避難；政治避難；庇護所
07. migrant [ˋmaɪgrən] n. 移民；移居外國的人
08. justification [͵dʒʌstəfəˋkeʃən] n. 正當的理由；辯解
09. persecution [͵pɝsɪˋkjuʃən] n. 迫害
10. particular [pɚˋtɪkjʊlɚ] adj. 特定的；特別的；講究的
11. certain [ˋsɝtən] adj. 確定的，確信的；某種程度的，一定程度的；某個，某位
12. regardless [rɪˋgɑrdlɪs] adv. 不管，不顧；無論如何，不管怎樣

Thousands of children have traveled to the United States from Central America without one or both parents. Officials are struggling to deal with the situation. The growing number of arrivals has led to a debate over whether or not they can stay. That will largely depend on whether the U.S. government considers the children refugees. But what helps officials decide who is a refugee?

數以千計的孩童在沒有父母或是其中之一的陪伴下，從中美洲來到美國。官員掙扎著處理這個情況。不斷升高的人數引發辯論，這些孩童是否可以留下來。美國政府是否把這些孩子視為難民，將會決定他們可否留下。但什麼可以幫助官員決定誰是難民呢？

Jane Mason with the U.N. refugee agency says there are five justifications. “There are five grounds, and it has to be linked to persecution – race, religion, your ethnic or national background, a political opinion that you hold, or membership in a particular social group.”

Jane Mason在聯合國的機構，她說有五個正當的理由。「有五個依據，而且必須是建立在迫害上--人種、宗教、種族或是民族的背景，所持的政治理念，或是特定的社會族群成員。」

So does a government have a different responsibility to a refugee fleeing poverty than it does to one fleeing war? “It looks different, but the protection principles are exactly the same. Including the fact that every child who is unaccompanied, regardless of why they may have left, needs certain types of protection that adults don’t.”

所以，一個政府對於逃離貧窮的難民，比起逃離戰爭的難民，會有不同的責任嗎？看起來似乎是不同，但是保護的原則都是一樣的，包括這個事實，那就是每個沒人陪伴的孩童，不管他們為什麼被父母留下，都需要一定程度型態的保護，這是成人沒有的。

Jane Mason has examined the U.S. border case. She says it is important that undocumented migrants be given the chance to tell their story and go through the asylum process. “International law says that if someone could be a refugee, you basically have to give them the benefit of the doubt and not send them back.”

Jane Mason已經檢視過美國邊界的案子。她說，重要的是，非法入境的移民應該給予機會，讓他們說出自己的故事，並且完成庇護過程。國際法規定，如果一個人可能是難民，基本上你必須給予他起碼的公道(姑且相信他 the benefit of the doubt)，而且不會把他送回去。

工商服務：
吉娜老師的KK音標與基礎課程家教，招生中。歡迎有需要的人，來信詢問。

完整中級英文課程是會員課程，提供精讀課程段落，有中文翻譯，以及完整文章閱讀，並有重要單字中文對照。當然還有最重要的聲音檔，可以不斷重複播放。如有學習需要，歡迎加入會員課程。