加護病房查房日誌20150902
對不起,老師最近太忙了。
最近有臉書很流行看幾年前的今天po了甚麼文?
老師今天也來一下,在2012年三年前的9月份,那時候在討論糖尿病藥物治療課中的一些重點與我認為大家應該知道的事。
1. 目前糖尿病的治療已從過去一開始的飲食運動調控變成一開始就應該加入metformin並且不管在那個階段,Metformin都不應該停用,除非有不適合使用的情況,例如:過敏,腎功能不全,心衰竭或打顯影劑等。
2. 新一類的GLP-1 agonists(exenatide, liraglutide)和DPP-4 inhibitors(sitagliptin, vildagliptin, saxagliptin等),是目前治療的新藥,GLP1一個優點是當血糖降低至正常值時,身體內的胰島素就會下降,這麼一來較不容易發生低血糖。而且可以減重,但缺點是一樣要打針,而且有些噁心嘔吐的副作用。這時可以考慮用些DPP-4 inhibitors口服劑型。
3. 低血糖反應:這邊講兩個重點,要會區分Somogyi phenomenon (post-hypoglycemic hyperglycemia): 這是指半夜時病人因NPH的量太多而產生低血糖,反而導致清晨的時候反射性的高血糖,另一個是Dawn phenomenon (Fasting hyperglycemia),人再清晨荷爾蒙分泌本來就會比較高,所以若晚上NPH的量不夠,血糖可能就會過高。雖然兩者都是清晨血糖過高,但一個是降NPH的量,一個反而要增加,要區分這兩個情況的方法是夜間測血糖,看是低或高,就可以分辨這兩個情況了。
4. Insulin的使用就是為了要盡量模仿人類體內原本的胰島素,例如:用novorapid + lantus時,胰島素的分泌就會類似人類的胰島素釋放,另外,就算是同樣一個病人,同樣insulin和劑量,血糖的仍有可能出現變異性,此時則難以預測insulin的劑量,但研究發現determir這個中長效胰島素可提供較穩定的血糖控制與預測。
5. 最後一個也是最重要的,對於糖尿病病人的血糖控制,應該個人化,而非每個人都一樣。
我想最近幾年真的都是一直在討論個人化治療的部分,不管是糖尿病,高血壓各種疾病都有這樣的趨勢。我想這都是大家在臨床上應該要注意的事情喔。
同時也有2部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過9萬的網紅Shiney,也在其Youtube影片中提到,Death Stranding พากย์ไทย แปลไทย เนื้อเรื่อง ซื้อเกมได้ที่ https://store.epicgames.com/legendauser/death-stranding Death Stranding is an action game ...
dawn phenomenon 在 農民教主碎碎念 Facebook 八卦
『針對糖尿病患 』,這一句 ...
這牙醫有甚麼資格去建議?更何況如果是『糖尿病患』,黎明現象(Dawn Phenomenon)呢?
dawn phenomenon 在 農民教主碎碎念 Facebook 八卦
[耍任性]
如果不是親身去理解,我可能到死都不會了解甚麼是
#黎明現象(Dawn Phenomenon)和 #索莫奇效應(Somogyi effect)
不在這詳解,簡述,自行谷歌或看一下這
http://doctor.get.com.tw/Learning/clinical-info/1.aspx
在早上,預備起來時,生理鐘就會開始為你日常活動作準備,其中包括提高血糖值
這和進食,和意志無關
血糖並不會因為短時間空腹禁而大受影響
作為破壞地球的最大元兇才沒有那麼脆弱 ..
dawn phenomenon 在 Shiney Youtube 的評價
Death Stranding
พากย์ไทย แปลไทย เนื้อเรื่อง
ซื้อเกมได้ที่ https://store.epicgames.com/legendauser/death-stranding
Death Stranding is an action game set in an open world, which also includes multiplayer functions. Kojima compared the genre to how his earlier game Metal Gear – now considered to be a stealth game – was called an action game during its release because the stealth genre was not considered to exist at the time.
According to Kojima, one of the key aspects of the announcement trailer was the idea of a connection between life and death. He explained one of the main themes through a short story by Kōbō Abe; the first tool created by humans was a stick, meant as protection by putting a distance between oneself and "bad things", and that the second was a rope, used to secure things one finds important. Kojima compared the main "tools" in action games – punching, shooting and kicking – to sticks, and that in Death Stranding, he wants people to communicate through the game equivalent of ropes. While the title refers to the phenomenon of cetacean stranding, "strand" is an alternative term for shore and also stands for strings and connections.
When the main character, named Sam, dies, the player is sent to another world, referred to as an upside-down world submerged in water. Kojima suggests that when the player returns to the world of the living, anything they did or any damage that an explosion or the like causes when the player dies remains persistent in the world and does not go away. Another element talked about is the existence of a type of rain, called "Timefall", with the ability to age or deteriorate whatever it hits. Another gameplay element talked about is the player's ability to interact with the environment and wander outside of the character's body, as well as recovering items when they die.
People have created "Walls" and become accustomed to living in isolation. Death Stranding is a completely new type of action game, where the goal of the player is to reconnect isolated cities and a fragmented society. It is created so that all elements, including the story and gameplay, are bound together by the theme of the "Strand" or connection. As Sam Porter Bridges, you will attempt to bridge the divides in society, and in doing create new bonds or "Strands" with other players around the globe. Through your experience playing the game, I hope you'll come to understand the true importance of forging connections with others.
— Hideo Kojima
dawn phenomenon 在 Travel with Winny Youtube 的評價
Near Xpujil or Calakmul Mayan Ruins, there is this "bat cave" at Volcan de los Murcielagos where millions of bats come out of the cave every dawn, creating a spectacular natural phenomenon!
dawn phenomenon 在 High Early Morning Glucose | Dawn Phenomenon & Somogyi ... 的八卦
High Early Morning Glucose | Dawn Phenomenon & Somogyi Effect High early morning glucose levels can become a problem in management of blood ... ... <看更多>