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【 小英的哥大演講 】

前兩天蔡英文 Tsai Ing-wen 總統在哥倫比亞大學Columbia University in the City of New York 的演講感動了許多人，我也一直想要跟大家好好分享對這篇講稿的心得。想歸想，但卻沒時間動筆。

一直到昨天，BBC 中文網（繁體） 有篇談這場演講的報導（後面有一小段引用了對我的訪問），然後發達資本主義時代的打油詩人 跟我在臉書上聊這件事。我們兩個雖然都很想談談這篇講稿，但週末都忙著同一件事：帶小孩（他帶他的、我帶我的）。但再不寫大概就沒人想談了，所以只好趁現在小孩睡覺後開始寫。

前天我曾經在臉書上請大家好好讀這篇講稿，中文英文都要看。有關中文的部分，朱宥勳 已經有很精彩的寫作技巧分析，大家可以去看看。

這一篇貼文會從英文文稿（這場演講是以英文進行的）跟一些比較宏觀的角度切入。

✍️為什麼是紐約？為什麼是哥大？

很多人都知道小英總統是英國倫敦政經學院的博士（好吧，有些人到現在還在懷疑），小英講英文時也有很雋永的英國腔，但大家比較容易忽略的是，紐約（美國）才是她第一個異鄉求學的地方。她當時就讀康乃爾大學Cornell University ，位於紐約州的漂亮小城Ithaca。

所以也許不難想像紐約這個大城市，在當時對一個在台北長大的乖乖牌學生，所產生的人生衝擊。小英不但順利拿到碩士學位，還考過了全美難考的紐約州律師考試（美國的律師考試是不同地方分開考的，難易不一，比較難的一般來說是紐約、芝加哥跟加州）。我想紐約對於小英來說，是充滿許多回憶的。

小英在紐約的公開演講曾說：「這是她第一次以中華民國總統的身份造訪紐約」。從這個背景來看小英的英文講稿，不難發現，前四段事實上是給紐約客（New Yorker）的溫暖起手式：

✍️Receiving an invitation to speak here from such a vanguard of free speech and diversity is actually quite an honor.
能受邀來這所以言論自由及多元包容著稱的校園座談，我實在備感榮幸。

🐶小英在演講的第一句話，就點出了紐約這城市對她的意義：言論自由、多元。

為什麼要特別講這一點？因為她當年就讀Cornell時，台灣發生了美麗島事件跟林宅血案。你可以想像，在多元自由的紐約校園，卻聽到家鄉發生重大事件，內心有多震撼。

✍️ I graduated from Cornell Law School in 1980, and I have to say, being back on a New York campus brings back many memories. Though I’m sure many of you would say that any campus outside of New York City is not really part of New York.
我在1980年畢業於康乃爾大學，再度回到久違的紐約校園，勾起我許多的回憶。雖然，或許在場有人會說，任何紐約市以外的校園都不能算是紐約。

🐶這一段是insider joke，非紐約人可能看不懂，紐約人聽到應該笑呵呵。為什麼？前面已經說了，Cornell位於紐約州的Ithaca，但不是位於紐約市內，所以這個笑話是小英的自嘲：我知道我念的學校沒有位於紐約市（New York City）內，你們一定覺得那不能算是「紐約校園」。說白了，這有點像是天龍國笑話或是「天母是天龍中的天龍」之類的。

講到這，看看哥大的臉書名稱：Columbia University in the City of New York （位於紐約市的哥倫比亞大學），不覺得很幽默嗎？這是在開其他沒有位於紐約市（也許位於紐約州）大學的玩笑。（你能想像台大的臉書名稱說「位於台北的台大」嗎？）

✍️However, I actually lived in the city in the summer of 1979, when I was doing research work for a professor at the East Asia Institute of Columbia University. Later on, I passed the New York Bar examination here, and visited the city from time to time, sometimes on my way to Washington DC for trade negotiations.
然而我在1979年夏天曾經真正住過紐約，協助哥倫比亞大學東亞研究所的一位教授做研究。而我在通過紐約州律師考試後，就更常走訪紐約，有時是在前往華府做貿易談判時會經過紐約。

🐶接續上一段的笑點，打鐵趁熱，小英為自己的「紐約經驗」多加一點正當性。她說她當時曾經協助哥倫比亞大學東亞研究所的一位教授做研究。哥大位於紐約市內，這下總不能說我不是紐約人了吧？

✍️Life in New York in the 1980s was eye opening for a young law student from not quite democratized Taiwan. Diversity and different perspectives were the norm, and looking out across the lecture hall today, I am glad to see that has not changed.
對一個來自當時尚未完全民主化的臺灣的法律系學生來說，1980年代的紐約生活真的令我眼界大開，多元化和不同的見解竟然才是正常。我很高興，從這講台放眼望出去，一切都如此熟悉，絲毫未曾改變。

🐶這一段，事實上講的是台灣當時還沒解嚴，而且發生了美麗島事件。小英講的委婉，沒有指名道姓，只說台灣當時尚未完全民主化。

以上四段，是非常成功的破冰（ice-breaking）。破冰是公共演講的重要技巧，做得好，能夠化解一開始的尷尬與緊張，並連結講者與聽眾的關係。開場做得好，也有助接下來的演講氣氛跟節奏的掌握。

所以好的幕僚真的很重要，也真的能讓你上天堂。幕僚寫稿的功力也在這裡，帶出個人情感（personal touch），讓老闆掌握演講節奏，這是需要專業訓練的。


✍️In the early days of our political transition, some said democracy could not survive in China’s shadow. And Taiwan is now home to a thriving democratic society and political system.
我們在政治轉型初期，很多人說在中國陰影的籠罩下，我們的民主不可能存活下來。然而，現在臺灣已然成為民主社會和政治制度蓬勃發展的居所。

🐶我喜歡survive in China's shadow這個詞的用法，這可以提醒聽眾，今日許多國家，甚至包括美國，都還在擔憂中國的銳實力（sharp power）。西方國家對於要不要禁用華為爭論不休，也可以視為一種中國的陰影。


✍️Some said a resource-poor island of only 23 million people could not become a major economic player. Yet we are now the United States’ 11th largest trade partner.
有人說，人口只有兩千三百萬而且資源匱乏的小島，無法成為經濟的主要推手，然而現在我們已經變成美國的第11大貿易夥伴了。

🐶這是很漂亮的對比，從資源匱乏的小國變成美國的重要貿易夥伴。


✍️Some said progressive values could not take root in East Asian society. Yet I stand here before you as Taiwan’s first woman president, and this year we became the first country in Asia to legalize same-sex marriage.
有人說，先進的價值觀無法於東亞社會生根。但今天，我是以臺灣第一位女總統的身分站在各位面前，而今年臺灣也已經躍為亞洲第一個同婚合法的國家。

🐶progressive這個字，我習慣翻譯成「進步」，但總統府的翻譯為「先進」。這一段很生動的描繪了台灣在性別平權上的進展，對台灣的形象是很好的宣傳。


✍️In short, Taiwan’s story is one of seemingly improbable success. Many call Taiwan a “democratic miracle,” but I don’t believe in miracles. I believe in the will of the people, and their vision for a better world.
簡言之，臺灣就是在不可能的環境下成就了可能。許多人稱臺灣為「民主奇蹟」，但我不是奇蹟的信徒。我相信的是人民的意志，以及對更美好未來的願景。

🐶「奇蹟的信徒」在中文是個華麗的修辭，但英文用的是大家國中都學過的文法：believe 是相信，believe in 是信仰。有沒有 in 差很多。


✍️We are seeing this threat in action right now in Hong Kong. Faced with no channel to make their voices heard, young people are taking to the streets to fight for their democratic freedoms. And the people of Taiwan stand with them.

我們看到這個威脅正在衝擊香港，年輕人沒有管道發聲，只好走上街頭為民主自由拼搏。我們臺灣人民決心和他們站在一起。

Hong Kong’s experience under “one country, two systems” has shown the world once and for all that authoritarianism and democracy cannot coexist.
香港的「一國兩制」經驗，向世界明白揭破了獨裁和民主無法共存的事實。

🐶沒有任何一個場合，比台灣總統親自在美國談香港逃犯條例的議題更適合了。這一點我相信能贏得很多聽眾共鳴。如果真的要挑剔的話，我也許會思考一個問題：加上新疆集中營或甚至西藏議題，會不會比較好？加跟不加都各有利弊，也許文稿小組最後決定讓演講更聚焦。


✍️You begin to censor your own speech, your own thoughts. You no longer discuss current events with your friends, for fear of being overheard. You spend more time looking over your shoulder than you spend looking towards the future.
你開始審查自己的言論和想法，不再和朋友討論時事，因為害怕被竊聽，大部分時間都提心吊膽的前瞻後顧，根本無法好好面對未來。

🐶我喜歡這一段的節奏。也因為這一段，我猜測這篇講稿應該是「以英文寫成，再翻譯成中文」，而非「以中文寫成，再翻譯成英文」。為什麼？因為You spend more time looking over your shoulder than you spend looking towards the future. 用了前面跟後面的修辭。


✍️Our story is one of perseverance, of a commitment to democracy against all odds.
我們的故事是堅毅不撓的故事，是力抗萬難，堅守民主的故事。

Ours is a story of why values do still matter. The cultural and political differences across the Taiwan Strait only grow wider by the day; and each day that Taiwan chooses freedom of speech, human rights, the rule of law, is a day that we drift farther from the influences of authoritarianism.
我們的故事在訴說，為什麼核心價值如此的重要。臺海兩岸在文化及政治上的歧異日趨擴大。臺灣選擇言論自由、人權及法治的每一天，都讓我們與獨裁政權漸行漸遠。

🐶Against all odds 強調台灣民主及經濟發展難能可貴。
A story of why values do still matter. 強調台灣跟中國最大的差異:價值。


✍️Authoritarian governments seek to exploit press freedoms unique to democratic societies to sow dissent among us. They hope to make us question our political systems and lose faith in democracy.
獨裁政府企圖利用民主社會的新聞自由，在我們之間挑撥對立，要讓我們懷疑我們的政治制度，好讓我們對民主失落信心。

Taiwan has been on the frontlines of this battle for years, and we have a great deal of experiences to offer to the world.
臺灣多年來一直站在這場戰爭的前線，我們有太多經驗可以與世界分享。

🐶這一段強調台灣在全球資訊戰的價值及經驗，凸顯台灣是美國重要盟邦的重要性。

✍️But democracy faces other challenges as well, especially in the form of economic enticements with hidden strings attached.
然而民主還面臨其他挑戰，特別是暗藏算計的經濟誘惑。

🐶這在講什麼？包括中國對台灣的統戰，也包括中國對其他國家的一帶一路及所帶來的債權陷阱（debt trap）。


✍️So to all the people who ask me how to make the choice between democracy and economic growth, I say the choice is clear: the two are inseparable.
很多人問我如何在民主與經濟成長之間作出抉擇，我的答案很清楚，就是：兩者密不可分。

History tells us that democracies are strongest when united, and weakest when divided.
歷史告訴我們，民主國家團結時最強，分裂時最弱。

🐶這邊改寫了英文寫作常用的名言錦句：United we stand, divided we fall。寫得很漂亮，沒話說。

😄😄😄

我只挑了一些段落跟大家分享，希望大家喜歡，也算是完成發達資本主義時代的打油詩人 交代給我的任務。

忘了說，哥大的黎安友（Andrew Nathan）教授是小英這次訪紐約的靈魂人物，他是友台派中國通的祖師爺級人物，台灣許多教授及政治人物都上過他的課。我在清大就讀中國研究碩士時，Andy（我們都這麼稱呼他）也來清大上過短期講座，現在回想起來，當時能在新竹上他的課真的太幸福了（畢竟清大不在紐約市，學費也不能跟長春藤盟校相比😂）。

半夜兩點了，來睏。（發文的霎那，螢幕跳出喬帥擊敗費爸的新聞，我整個錯過了比賽....😭）

Ps. 本篇文章謝謝打油詩人給我一些靈感，但如果有寫錯的地方，文責當然自負。

（本篇引用的中英文講稿內容來自中華民國總統府官網）

護台胖犬 劉仕傑
Instagram: old_dog_chasing_ball （老狗追球）

黃浩銘：

//法官閣下，我能夠參與雨傘運動，爭取民主，實是毫無悔意，畢生榮幸。我已花了最青春的10年在社會運動上，假若我有80歲，我仍有50年可以與港人同行，繼續奮鬥。要是法官不信，且即管以刑罰來考驗我的意志，試煉我的決心，希望我的戰友們在我囚禁的時候，可以激發愛心，勉勵行善，更加有勇氣和力量作個真誠的人對抗謊言治國的中共政權。

　　「希望在於人民，改變始於抗爭」，唯有透過群眾力量，直接行動，才能改變社會。8年前如是，今日亦如是。但願港人堅定不移，爭取民主，打倒特權，彰顯公義。自由萬歲！民主社會主義萬歲！願公義和慈愛的　主耶穌基督與我同在，與法官先生同在，與香港人同在！//

希望在於人民　改變始於抗爭
—雨傘運動公眾妨擾案陳情書

陳法官仲衡閣下：

　　自2011年你審理只有23歲的我，追問時任特首曾蔭權知否米貴涉擾亂公眾秩序的案件距今已有8年。在命運的安排下，我再次站在你面前，只是當你讀到這封陳情書的時候，我已經不是當年被你宣判無罪釋放的年青人，而是一個準備迎接第三次入獄的積犯。然而，今天我不是尋求你的憐憫，而是希望道明我參與雨傘運動，公民抗命的緣由，讓法官閣下可以從我的動機及行為來給予合理判刑。

　　8年以來，我們的崗位稍有轉變，但香港的變化更大，充滿爭議的各個大白象基建均已落成，更多旅客走訪社區，似是一片繁華景象，但同時，更多窮人住在劏房，更多群眾走上街頭，亦有更多我們愛惜的年青人進入監牢。從前我們認為香港不會發生的事，都一一在這8年間發生了。當我8年前站在你面前那一刻，我們都不會想像得到香港人可被挾持返大陸，亦想像不到原來有一天大陸的執法人員可在香港某地方正當執法，更想像不到中共政府除了透過人大釋法外，還可藉著「一言九鼎」的人大決定，甚至中央公函來決定香港人的前途命運和收緊憲制權利。

爭取民主的本意

　　民主只是口號嗎？當年，我痛罵無視100萬窮人及30萬貧窮長者利益，卻慶祝不知辛亥革命本意的前行政長官曾蔭權，並要求設立全民退休保障，廢除強積金，因此首次被捕被控。但時至今日，香港仍然有過百萬貧窮人口，超過30萬貧窮長者，貧富懸殊及房屋短缺的問題愈加嚴重。2014年，我見過一位75歲的伯伯跪在立法會公聽會向時任勞工及福利局局長張建宗下跪，懇求政府不要拆遷古洞石仔嶺安老院。2019年，我又見到一位67歲執紙皮維生的婆婆在立法會公聽會哭訴難以找工作，現任勞工及福利局局長羅致光竟然叫她找勞工處。為何官員如此冷酷無情？為何我們的意見均未能影響政府施政？歸根結柢，就是因為香港人沒有真正的選擇，喪失本來應有制訂政策及監督的權力！

　　所謂民主，就是人民當家作主。任何施政，應當由人民倡議監督，公義分配，改善公共服務，使得貧者脫貧，富者節約。今日香港，顧全大陸，官商勾結，貧富懸殊，耗資千億的大白象跨境基建接踵而來，但當遇見護士猝死，教師自殺，老人下跪，政府政策就只有小修小補，小恩小惠，試問如何服眾？由1966年蘇守忠、盧麒公民抗命反對天星小輪加價，乃至1967年暴動及1989年中國愛國民主運動，甚至2003年反廿三條大遊行，無不是因政權專政，政策傾斜，分配不公，引致大規模民眾反抗。2014年雨傘運動的起點，亦是如此。

　　多年來，港人爭取民主，為求有公義分配，有尊嚴生活，有自主空間，但我們得到的是甚麼？1984年，中英兩國簽署《聯合聲明》前夕，前中共總書記趙紫陽曾回覆香港大學學生會要求「民主治港，普選特首」的訴求，清楚承諾「你們所說的『民主治港』是理所當然的」。當時，不少港人信以為真，誤以為回歸之後可得民主，但自1989年六四血腥鎮壓及2003年50萬人反對《廿三條》立法大遊行後，中共圖窮匕現，在2004年透過人大釋法收緊政制改革程序，並粗暴地決定2007及2008不會普選行政長官及立法會。自此，完全不民主的中國立法機關－全國人民代表大會常務委員會掌控香港人的命運福祉，人大釋法及人大決定可以隨時隨地配合極權政府的主張，命令香港法庭跟從，打壓香港的民主和法治。

　　2014年8月31日，是歷史的轉捩點。儘管多少溫和學者苦苦規勸，中共仍以6月的＜一國兩制白皮書＞為基礎，展示全面管治權的氣派，包括法官閣下在內，都要屈從愛國之說。在《8‧31人大決定》之後，中共完全暴露其假民主假普選的面目，其時，我們認為對抗方法就只有公民抗命。

公民抗命的起點

　　違法就是罪惡嗎？我們違法，稱之為「公民抗命」，就是公民憑良心為公眾利益，以非暴力形式不服從法律命令，以求改變不義制度或法律。終審法院非常任法官賀輔明（Leonard Hoffmann）勳爵曾在英國著名案例 R v Jones (Margaret) [2007] 1 AC 136 案提出：「發自良知的公民抗命，有着悠久及光榮的傳統。那些因着信念認為法律及政府行為是不義而違法的人，歷史很多時候都證明他們是正確的……能包容這種抗爭或示威，是文明社會的印記。」

　　終審法院在最近的公民廣場案（Secretary for Justice v Wong Chi Fung (2018) 21 HKCFAR 35）亦道明「公民抗命」的概念可獲肯定（該案判詞第70至72段）。因此，亦印證我等9人及其他公民抗命者並非可以一般「違法犯事」來解釋及施刑。港人以一般遊行示威爭取民主30年，無論從殖民年代乃至特區年代，皆無顯著改進，今日以更進步主張，公民抗命爭取民主，正如印度、南非、波蘭等對抗強權，實在無可厚非。誠然，堵塞主要幹道，影響民眾上班下課，實非我所願，但回想過來，中共及特區政府多年來豈不更堵塞香港民主之路，妨擾公眾獲得真正的發聲機會？

　　如果我是公民抗命，又何以不認罪承擔刑責？2014年12月，警方以成文法「出席未經批准集結」及「煽動參與未經批准集結」在村口將我逮捕。2017年3月，警方改以普通法「煽惑他人作出公眾妨擾」及「煽惑他人煽惑公眾妨擾」提控。正如戴耀廷先生在其結案陳詞引述英國劍橋大學法學教授 John R. Spencer 提及以普通法提訴的問題：「近年差不多所有以『公眾妨擾罪』來起訴的案件，都出現以下兩種情況的其中一個：一、當被告人的行為是觸犯了成文法律，通常懲罰是輕微的，檢控官想要以一支更大或額外的棒子去打他；二、當被告人的行為看來是明顯完全不涉及刑事責任的，檢控官找不到其他罪名可控訴他」，無獨有偶，前終審法院常任法官鄧楨在其2018年退休致詞提及：「普通法同樣可被用作欺壓的工具。它是一種變化多端的權力，除非妥善地運用人權法加以適當控制，否則可被不當使用。」如今看來，所言非虛。

　　今我遭控二罪，必定據理力爭，冀借助法官閣下明智判決推翻檢控不義，但法庭定讞，我自當承擔刑責，絕無怨言，以成全公民抗命之道。

試問誰還未覺醒

　　我是刻意求刑標榜自己，讓年青人跟從走進監獄大門嗎？我反覆推敲這個問題。然而，我的答案是，正正是希望後輩不用像我此般走進牢獄，我更要無懼怕地爭取人們所當得的。縱使今日面對強權，惡法將至，烏雲密佈，我依然一如既往，毋忘初衷地認為真普選才是港人獲得真正自由之路。任何一個聲稱為下一代福祉者，理應為後輩爭取自由平等的選擇權利，讓他們能自立成長，辨明是非，而非家長式管控思想，讓下一代淪為生財工具，朝廷鷹犬。

　　主耶穌基督說：「我確確實實地告訴你們：一粒麥子如果不落在地裡死去，它仍然是一粒；如果死了，就結出很多子粒來。（《約翰福音》第12章24節）」沒有犧牲，沒有收穫。故然，我不希望年青人跟我一樣要踏上公民抗命之路，承受牢獄之苦，但我請教所有智慧之士，既然舉牌示威遊行均已無顯其效，公民抗命和平抗爭為何不是能令政權受壓求變之策？若非偌大群眾運動，梁振英豈不仍安坐其位？

　　刑罰於我而言，無情可求，唯一我心中所想，就是希望法庭能顧念75歲的朱耀明牧師年事已高，望以非監禁方式處之，讓港人瞥見法庭對良心公民抗命者寬容一面。美國法哲學家羅納德‧德沃金（Ronald Dworkin）在1968年論及公民抗命時（On Not Prosecuting Civil Disobedience），不但認為法庭應給予公民抗命者寬鬆刑罰，甚至應不予起訴。事實上，終審法院非常任法官賀輔明在2014年12月4日，即雨傘運動尾聲（已發生大規模堵路多日），佔中三子自首之後一日，接受《蘋果日報》及《南華早報》訪問時提到「抗爭者及掌權者均未有逾越公民抗命的『遊戲規則』，抗爭活動並沒有損害香港法治」，更進一步提到「一旦他們被判有罪，應該從輕發落，認為這是傳統，因為自首的公民不是邪惡的人」，由此，我期盼法庭將有人道的判刑。

　　法官閣下，我能夠參與雨傘運動，爭取民主，實是毫無悔意，畢生榮幸。我已花了最青春的10年在社會運動上，假若我有80歲，我仍有50年可以與港人同行，繼續奮鬥。要是法官不信，且即管以刑罰來考驗我的意志，試煉我的決心，希望我的戰友們在我囚禁的時候，可以激發愛心，勉勵行善，更加有勇氣和力量作個真誠的人對抗謊言治國的中共政權。

　　「希望在於人民，改變始於抗爭」，唯有透過群眾力量，直接行動，才能改變社會。8年前如是，今日亦如是。但願港人堅定不移，爭取民主，打倒特權，彰顯公義。自由萬歲！民主社會主義萬歲！

　　願公義和慈愛的　主耶穌基督與我同在，與法官先生同在，與香港人同在！

社會民主連線副主席、雨傘運動案第八被告
黃浩銘
二零一九年四月九日

Hope lies in the people
Changes come from resistance
- Umbrella Movement Public Nuisance Case Statement

Your Honour Judge Johnny Chan,

It has been 8 years since I have met you in court. You were the judge to my case on disorder in public places. It was in 2011 and I was only 23 years old. I chased after the then Chief Executive Mr. Donald Tsang and asked if he knew the price of rice and whether he understood the struggles of the poor. Fate has brought us here again, I am before you once again, but I am no longer the young man who was acquitted. When you are reading this statement, I am a “recidivist”, ready to be sent to prison for the third time. However, I do not seek your mercy today, but wish to explain the reasons for my participation in the Umbrella Movement and civil disobedience, so that your honour can give a reasonable sentence through understanding my motives and actions.

Our positions have slightly altered in the past 8 years, but not as great as the changes that took place in Hong Kong. The controversial big white elephant infrastructures were completed. More tourists are visiting, making Hong Kong a bustling city. At the same time, however, more poor people are living in sub-divided flats, more people are forced to the street to protest, more young people are sent to jail. Things we wouldn’t have imagined 8 years are now happening in Hong Kong. When I was before you 8 years ago, we would not have imagined Hong Kong people could be kidnapped by the Chinese authority to Mainland China. We wouldn’t have imagined that one day, the Mainland law enforcement officers could perform their duties in Hong Kong. We wouldn’t have imagined, not only could the Community Chinese government interpret our law, but they could decide on our future and tightened the rule on constitutional rights through the National People’s Congress Decision.

The Original Intention

Is democracy just a slogan? 8 years ago, I criticised the then Chief Executive Mr. Donald Tsang for ignoring the interests of 1 million poor people and 300,000 elderly. I scolded him for celebrating the 1911 Revolution without understanding its preliminary belief. I called for the establishment of universal retirement protection and the abolition of MPF, and was arrested for the first time. Yet, there are still over a million poor people in Hong Kong today, with more than 300,000 of poor elderly. The disparity between the rich and the poor and housing problem have only become worsen.

In 2014, I witnessed a 75-year-old man kneeling before the Secretary for Labour and Welfare Mr. Matthew Cheung Kin-Chung at a public hearing in the Legislative Council. The old man begged the government not to demolish the elderly home in Kwu Tung Dills Corner. In 2019, a 67-year-old woman, who scavenges for cardboards to make a living, cried during the Legislative Council public hearing. She cried because it was impossible for her to get a job. The Secretary for Labour and Welfare Mr. Law Chi-Kwong simply told her to ask for help in the Labour Department. Why are the government officials so callous? Why have our opinions failed to affect the government’s administration? The root of the problem is that Hong Kong people do not have real choices, we have been deprived of the power to supervise the government and to formulate policies.

What is democracy? Democracy means people are the masters. Any policies should be supervised by the people, the society’s resources should be justly distributed to improve the public services, so that the poor is no longer in poverty. However, in today’s Hong Kong, the focus is on the Mainland China, there is collusion between the government and the businesses, there is a great disparity between the rich and the poor, and multi-billion-dollar big white elephant cross-border infrastructure are built one after another. Nurses die from overexertion at work, teachers commit suicide and old man kneels to beg for what he deserves. Yet, the government policies were only minor repairs here and there, giving small treats and favours to the people. How can you win the support of the people? From the civil disobedience movement in 1966 by So Sau-chung and Lo Kei against the increase of Star Ferry fare, until the 1967 riots and 1989 China Patriotic Democratic Movement, even the 2003 march against the purported legistlation of Article 23, they were all due to the political dictatorship, imbalance policies as well as unfair distribution of public resources. It is for these reasons that led to large scale protests. It is for the same reason that the 2014 Umbrella Movement started.

For so many years, Hong Kong people have been fighting for democracy. We demand a just allocation, a life with dignity and space of freedom. However, what do we get in return? On the eve of the signing of the Joint Declaration in 1984, the then premier of the Communist Chinese government Zhao Ziyang in his reply to the demand for democracy and universal suffrage by the University of Hong Kong Student Council clearly promised that ‘what you referred to, namely “rule Hong Kong by democracy” is a matter that goes without saying.’ At the time, a lot of Hong Kong people believed it. They thought they would have democracy after the handover. However, since the bloody suppression on 4th June 1989 and the 500,000 people demonstration against Article 23 in 2003, the plot of the Chinese communist revealed itself. They decided by force through the NPC interpretation in 2004 that there would be no universal suffrage of the Chief Executive and the Legislative Council in 2007 and 2008. Since then, the undemocratic authority of NPC kept a tight grip on the destiny of Hong Kong people. NPC’s interpretation and decisions can be deployed anytime when convenient to assist the propaganda of the authoritative government, forcing the hands of the Hong Kong court and suppressing Hong Kong democracy and the rule of law.

31st August 2014 was a turning point in history. No matter how the moderate scholars tried to persuade it from happening, the Community Chinese government has used the One Country Two System White Paper in June as the foundation and forced its way down onto the people. Even your honour was among them, succumbed to the so called patriotism. After the 8.31 Decision of the National People’s Congress, the plot of the Communist Chinese government has revealed itself, the Chinese government has been lying to the Hong Kong people, they never intended to give Hong Kong genuine universal suffrage. At that time, we believed that civil disobedience was inevitable and was the only way out.

The Starting Point of Civil Disobedience

Is breaking the law sinful? We broke the law with a cause, as “civil disobedience” is the refusal to comply with certain laws considered unjust, as a peaceful form of political protest in the interest of the public to change the unjust system or law. Non-Permanent Judge of the Court of Final Appeal Honourable Leonard Hoffman stated in the well-known R v Jones (Margaret) [2007] 1 AC 136 case that, “civil disobedience on conscientious grounds has a long and honourable history in this country. People who break the law to affirm their belief in the injustice of a law or government action are sometime vindicated by history. It is the mark of a civilised community that it can accommodate protests and demonstrations of this kind.”

The recent decision by the Court of Appeal concerning the Civic Square outside the government headquarter（Secretary for Justice v Wong Chi Fung (2018) 21 HKCFAR 35) also confirmed the idea of civil disobedience(paragraphs 70-72 of the judgment refer). This , therefore, confirmed that myself and the other 8 defendants as well as other civil disobedience protestors, should not be understood as “breaking the law” in its general circumstances, nor should our sentencing be weighted against the usual standard. Hong Kong people have been fighting for democracy through protest for 30 years already, whether it was during the times of colonial British rule or during the special administrative region, there has been no improvement. Today, we fought for democracy, just as the fights for freedom and democracy in India, South Africa and Poland, and civil disobedience is inevitable. It is true that we did not want to block the roads or affect Hong Kong citizens attending to work or school. But on reflection, didn’t the Communist Chinese and Special Administrative governments block our road to democracy and interfere with our rights to speak up?

If what I did was in the name of civil disobedience, why should I defend my case and not bear the criminal responsibility? In December 2014, the police made use of the statutory offences of “attending unauthorised assembly and inciting participation in unauthorised assembly” and arrested me at the village I live in. In March 2017, the police amended their charges to common law offences of “incitement to commit public nuisance and incitement to incite public nuisance”. As Mr. Benny Tai said in his closing submissions, quoting law professor of Cambridge University John R. Spencer on common law charges, “...almost all the prosecutions for public nuisance in recent years seem to have taken place in one of two situations: first, where the defendant’s behaviour amounted to a statutory offence, typically punishable with a small penalty, and the prosecutor wanted a bigger or extra stick to beat him with, and secondly, where the defendant’s behaviour was not obviously criminal at all and the prosecutor could think of nothing else to charge him with.” Coincidentally, the then Court of Appeal Honourable Mr Justice Robert Tang Kwok-ching stated in his retirement speech in 2018 that, “Common law can be used oppressively. It is protean power, unless adequately controlled by the proper application of human rights law, can be misused.” What he said has become true today.

Faced with 2 charges, I am going to stand by reasons and my principles, in order to assist the Court to overturn an unjust prosecution. However, should the court find me guilty, I shall bear the criminal responsibility. I have no qualm or regrets, in fulfilment of my chosen path of civil disobedience.

Who has not yet awoken?

I do reflect as to whether I am simply seeking a criminal sentence in order to make a point, or to encourage other young men to follow my footsteps into the gates of the prison. I have reflected upon this repeatedly. However, my answer is that, I am doing this precisely because I do not wish to see other young men following my suit into the prison. Because of this, I need to fight for what is ours fearlessly. Although today we are confronted by an oppressive authority, the looming legislation of unjust laws and a clouded future, I shall be as I always am: relentless maintaining my stance that a real election is the path to freedom for Hong Kong people. Anyone who claims to be acting in the interest of the next generation should fight for a free and equal choice for their youths. This is in order for them to learn to be independent, to be able to tell rights from wrongs. There should be no paternal thinking, simply teaching the next generation to be slaves of money and accessories to the oppressor.

My Lord Jesus Christ has said: ‘Very truly I tell you, unless a kernel of wheat falls to the ground and dies, it remains only a single seed. But if it dies, it produces many seeds. (Book of John 12:24.) Without sacrifice, there is no reward. I don’t wish to see any more young men having to join the path of civil disobedience as I did, and to pay the price as I did. However, I ask this of all men and women of wisdom: if peaceful demonstration in the old fashioned way has lost its effectiveness and was simply ignored, why is peaceful civil disobedience not a good way to bring about change whilst one is being oppressed? If not for this crowd movement, C Y Leung would still be sitting comfortably on the throne.

I have no mitigation to submit. I only wish that the Court would spare Reverend Chu, who is an elderly of 75 years of age. I pray that a non-custodial sentence may be passed for Reverend Chu. I hope that the Court will have leniency and mercy for Reverend Chu. I refer to the work of the American legal philosopher Ronald Dworkin in 1968, namely: ‘On Not Prosecuting Civil Disobedience’. He opined that, not only should the Court allow leniency to civil disobedience participants, but also should they not be prosecuted. In fact, Lord Hoffmann NPJ of the CFA stated the following in an interview with Apple Daily and South China Morning Post on 4th December 2014 (which was at the end of the Umbrella Movement, a day before the surrender of the 3 initiators of the Occupy Central Movement): ‘In any civilised society, there is room for people making political points by civil disobedience.’ ‘These are not wicked people.’ Civil disobedience had ‘an old tradition’ in the common law world. ‘When it comes to punishment, the court should take into account their personal convictions.’ In light of this, I hope the Court shall pass a humane sentence.

Your honour, I have no regret for participating in the Umbrella Movement and the fight for democracy. It was an honour of a lifetime. I have spent the best 10 years of my youth in social movements. If I can live up to 80-year-old, I would still have 50 years to walk alongside the people of Hong Kong, to continue the fight. If this is in doubt, please test my will against the whips of criminal punishment. I shall take this as a trial of my determination. I only hope that my brothers and sisters-in-arms can be inspired whilst I am imprisoned, to do goods and encourage others. I hope they shall have further courage and strength to be honest men and women, to fight against the lies of the ruling Chinese Communist authority.

“Hope lies in the hands of the people, change starts from resistance.’ It’s only through the power of the people and direct action that the society can be changed. This was so 8 years ago. This is still the case today. May the will of the people of Hong Kong be firm and determined, to fight for democracy, overthrow the privileged, and let justice be done. All hail for freedom! All hail for democratic socialism!

May justice and peace of my Lord Jesus Christ be with me, with your Honour and with the People of Hong Kong!

Vice President of the League of Social Democrats,
the 8th Defendant of the Umbrella Movement Case

Raphael Wong Ho Ming
10th April 2019

好貨來了! 轉給要考試或要用到英文的人吧!-
如何短期內學好英文: 掌握文法要點用在讀到或聽到英文

筆者長期接待外賓，整理下面的文法要點，切記要多看電視的英文節目，每天看，看的時候嘴巴跟著唸，一年後就會有很顯著的效果。

英文法總整理:

About Sentences
1. 一個句子只能有一個動詞(兩個動詞在一起會打架)， 當主詞和受詞的一定是名詞(或做名詞用) ， 一定要形容詞或名詞才能當補語(補充語意)
2. 助動詞和 be 動詞的否定在後面直接加 not 即可
3. 有疑問詞的問句，疑問詞要擺最前面， 有助動詞和 be 動詞的疑問句，要把助動詞或 be 動詞移到主詞前
4. 用什麼助動詞問，就用什麼助動詞回答， 一般動詞的否定和疑問要用助動詞
5. 祈使句要用動詞原形， 祈使句的否定在前面加 Don't 或 never
6. 間接問句不是問句，如: I know what it is. what it is不是問句，是一個名詞子句，或想成一個大名詞組。
7. 關係子句多半是形容詞子句，形容前面的先行詞，如: I see a man who lives there.
11. 某處有某物要用“There is(are) ...”的句型
12.整句當名詞: 名詞子句 I think he is a nice man. (he is a nice man相當於it 這件事)

About Nouns.
1. 一個名詞在句中當主詞或受詞或補語
2. 普通名詞前面要有冠詞，要不然就是後面要加 -s 或 -es
3. 有特指的名詞前面要有定冠詞 the (特定或特指)/相對a或 an 用在沒有特指的東西上
4. 人稱代名詞的用法要熟悉，如: I my me mine 其中my 具形容詞特性。

About Verbs.
0. 動詞的種類包括: be (am is are, was were, been, be) has (has have had) do (does do did) 一般動詞 go, cut, walk ...
1. 及物動詞後一定要有受詞，不及物動詞後不能接受詞
2. 不完全的(及物和不及物)動詞後面，一定有補語
3. 助動詞後用原形動詞 Did he come here?
4. 連綴動詞後面要用形容詞 She looks beautiful.
5. 主詞第三人稱單數，現在式一般動詞要加 +s 或 +es -y+ies
6. 過去完成式要有過去式引導 He had come here since yesterday.
7. if 句型: if 子跟主要子句是相對應的，如:
A. if 現在式, 主要子句現在式或未來式
B. if 過去, 主要would have +過去分詞
C.if 過去完成 (would have pp), 主要子句 過去完成 (would have pp)
8. 使役動詞後面用原形動詞(受詞主動去做某事時) He makes her cry. 或，
使役動詞後面用過去分詞(受詞被....時) He makes it done.
9. 感官動詞後面用原形動詞或現在分詞(受詞主動去做某事時) He sees her go.
使役動詞後面用過去分詞(受詞具有被動語意)

About Adjectives.
1. 形容詞形容名詞
2. 形容詞如果只有一個字，放在名詞前面，顏色大小好壞..有順序性 a red good pen
3. 動詞的過去分詞可當形容詞用(放名詞後倒修飾名詞) He read a book written by Mr. Wang.
4. 所有格後面要 + 名詞 所有格+名詞可以用所有格代名詞來代替 my book=mine.
5. 現在分詞有主動和進行中的意思，過去分詞則有被動和已經完成的意思
6. 冠詞、指示性形容詞、所有格不能同時形容一名詞
7. a friend of mine = one of my friends
8. 定冠詞加形容詞等於那一類名詞的複數 the public = people
9. 形容詞的原級、比較級、最高級規律和不規律的變化要記得good//better//the best

About Adverbs.
1. 副詞修飾動詞、或形容詞或其他副詞
2. 頻率副詞的位置： be 動詞後、一般動詞前、助動詞和本動詞之間

About Prepositions.
1. 介系詞+名詞 形成介系詞片語 當 副詞片語用 修飾動詞 或 整句
2. 介系詞後面動詞要加 -ing，介系詞後面要加什麼樣的名詞是固定的 要背起來

About Conjunctions.
1. 對等連接詞連接的一定是兩個對等的東西 He and she are students.
2. 兩個句子不能用「，」連接

#學好英文的方法
#英文文法總整理
#快速學好英文

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///
*CHINESE：
許多人的一生中曾經面臨或正在面臨一次或是多次的憂鬱症,不論是因為感情，工作，自信的喪失或者對死亡的恐懼...
憂鬱症是一個非常私人的話題,但我們不應該害怕去跟身邊有這樣困擾的朋友們分享跟討論這個敏感的話題，反而勇敢的說出來,分享是治療的第一步！
今天是我第一次跟媽媽聊這個話題，請她跟我分享她的感受。多年與憂鬱症並肩作戰的她，我希望可以感受她的痛跟經歷，也希望今天的這個分享可以幫助到需要幫助的人找到你們的答案。
我非常的感激媽媽願意接受我這個請求，敞開心房跟我們聊聊她內心深處那敏感的世界，如果以下的訪談讓你有不好的觀感，我希望各位可以尊重媽媽的感受，給予她正面的鼓勵跟支持。
謝謝你們的支持

*English:
Depression is a feeling many of us are dealing once or more during our lifetime. Maybe because of our relationship, our work, our lack of confidence or because of some fears such as death... Depression is a very personal subject, however we should not be afraid to share it with those who surround us. Indeed, sharing is the first step to healing.
Today, for the first time I'm asking my mum to share about her feelings. Living with depression for few years, I want to understand more her pain and hope this conversation may help some looking for answers.
I am thankful she accepted to open up herself with us and I ask you, please, to be respectful in any of your comments.
Much Love to everyone,
Thank you for watching and subscribing !

///

Direction ➤ Fabio GRANGEON
Filming & Editing ➤ https://www.instagram.com/dostudio19/

#fabiograngeon #fabio #法比歐 #coffeetalk

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【Try IT 視聴者必見】
★参加者満足度98.6％！無料の「中学生・高校生対象オンラインセミナー」受付中！
「いま取り組むべき受験勉強法」や「効率的に点数を上げるテスト勉強の仕方」、「モチベーションの上げ方」まで、超・実践的な学習法をあなたに徹底解説します！
今月・来月のセミナー内容や日程は、トライさん公式LINEからご確認いただけます。
↓↓友だち登録はこちらから↓↓
https://liny.link/r/1655096723-1GOJPwzq?lp=gcZxVv
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この映像授業では「【中１　英語】　be動詞の意味と使い方(I)」が約１１分で学べます。身につけたいポイントは「be動詞を使って、主語が I の文章を書けるようになること」です。映像授業は、【今日のポイント】⇒【解説】⇒【練習】⇒【今日のまとめ】の順に見てください。


この授業以外でもわからない単元があれば、下記のURLをクリックしてください。
各単元の映像授業をまとまって視聴することができます。


■「中１英語」でわからないことがある人はこちら！

・アルファベットの読み書き
https://goo.gl/WBj1Q3

・be動詞の文
https://goo.gl/NfWxeO

・一般動詞の文
https://goo.gl/fLs1PT

・複数形の文
https://goo.gl/yohYrB

・命令形の文
https://goo.gl/FlfJK8

・三人称の文
https://goo.gl/3fsHgo

・what を使った疑問文
https://goo.gl/ZMscwp

・who,which,where を使った疑問文
https://goo.gl/6f8eEA

・whose,when,why,how を使った疑問文
https://goo.gl/ZnrtIR

・her,him を使った文
https://goo.gl/bnnR9C

・現在進行形を使った文
https://goo.gl/zJbY8T

・can を使った文
https://goo.gl/akGyHc


■「中２英語」でわからないことがある人はこちら！

・過去形を使った文
https://goo.gl/8RurrM

・知覚動詞を使った文
https://goo.gl/YMhfqf

・未来形（be going to）を使った文
https://goo.gl/fZIYWI

・give,show,buy を使った文
https://goo.gl/4WV3fz

・call を使った文
https://goo.gl/2l8Qxt

・不定詞を使った文
https://goo.gl/SvuFJt

・have to を使った文
https://goo.gl/NTSV0M

・未来形（will）を使った文
https://goo.gl/a2lVSh

・must を使った文
https://goo.gl/i4BkXx

・接続詞を使った文
https://goo.gl/HMLHqr

・There is ～ を使った文
https://goo.gl/Z3WJEI

・動名詞を使った文
https://goo.gl/iYTRnp

・比較級や最上級を使った文
https://goo.gl/11SaSL

・as ～ as を使った文
https://goo.gl/Wbgwqc

・Can I ～?を使った文
https://goo.gl/RW9X7y

・Can you ～ ?,Could you ～ ?を使った文
https://goo.gl/P3DlDZ


■「中３英語」でわからないことがある人はこちら！

・受動態を使った文
https://goo.gl/IuRwD7

・make を使った文
https://goo.gl/GKvi1A

・現在完了を使った文
https://goo.gl/M9LLxo

・to + 動詞 を使った文
https://goo.gl/nzLSRM

・what,where,when,why を使った文
https://goo.gl/3WpLrY

・名詞につけたす表現
https://goo.gl/1FfeHx

寝かしつけトレーニング（いわゆるネントレ）を始めてもう10ヶ月経ちます。寝かしつけトレーニングを成功させるためにとっても大事なことは、ルティーン化させることです。なので、今日の動画は寝かしつけトレーニング（ネントレ）された赤ちゃんのナイトルティーンです！

ちなみに、寝かしつけトレーニングの１週間　密着動画アップしたので是非御覧ください。
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w2MDO_zxr3E

寝かしつけトレーニング（ネントレ）は、賛否両論ですので、「自分と自分のパートナー」にとって一番幸せな方法を探せばいいと思います。なので「絶対にネントレ（寝かしつけトレーニング）をした方がいいとも言えないし「絶対にネントレ（寝かしつけトレーニング）をしない方がいいとも言えません。この動画でお見せしたかったのは「うちらにとってうまくいった（成功した）ネントレ（寝かしつけトレーニング）の毎晩のルーティンです。

Hi everyone! Today’s video “Bedtime Routine for Baby Sleep Training” is about our own bedtime routine for our baby, who is sleep trained. This was a very successful routine we implemented with our daughter. I am very happy with results of this routine, and I wanted to share with all of you! Please keep in mind that every Mama has their own routine that works for them and not every routine will work for every baby - but this is what worked for us!

コメントはこちらでお願いします！
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCHBnOMB61Xe9eT4oSs3B_NQ/community


《この動画を英語の勉強にどうやって使う？》
「聞き流し英語」的な感じでこの動画を是非見てください。私達のチャンネルで、実際にネイティブが使っている英語の文法も使っていますし、変にスピードも落としていませんので、このスピードにある程度慣れてたら、海外に行ったらばっちりなはずです！

ですので、是非こちらの動画で英語のリスニングの勉強していただければと思います！

なお、英語のリスニング力アップのためのこの動画のベストな活用方法があります。４ステップ法
①まず、動画を最初見る時に、日本語の字幕を見ながら楽しく動画を最初から最後まで見る。このステップは「英語を勉強する」ステップではなく、単純に「動画の内容」と「ストーリーの展開」を覚えるステップです。つまり、英語・日本語関係なく、この動画で何が起きているかを理解することがステップ１です。ここであまり英語の勉強を気にしなくてもいいです。

②もう一度動画を見るけど、今度は、各フレーズ（気になるフレーズ）を１つ１つ丁寧に聞いて、英語と日本語の字幕（両方とも）一緒に読んで、英語のフレーズ（英語の表現）や言い方を意識する。一時停止したり、巻き戻したりすると理解しにくい英語の表現を理解できるかもしれません。信じがたいですが、私達の動画に本当に「知っておくべき英語」が厳選されています。なのでどのフレーズを学んでも損ではありません。「生きた英会話」と思っていただければと思います。

③もう一度動画を見る。今後は、日本語の字幕を絶対に見ないで動画を見る。理解できない場合は、絶対に英語の字幕だけを見る。なので、このステップは、「海外に留学したばかりの人になった気分」。つまり、日本語に頼らないステップ。

④英語の字幕と日本語の字幕、どれも全く読まないでで最初から最後まで動画をもう一度見る。 絶対に、自分の理解度に驚くはずです。１００％は理解できないかもしれないが、聞く前と比較すると本当にビビるぐらい英語力が伸びる。「ええ？これだけで英語力が上がるの？」と思われる方が多いと思うけど、4回も同じ箇所を見ているので、それだけで思っている以上に英語が身についている（同じ歌を４回聞けばなんとなく歌えると一緒）。留学する時に、こういう風にみんな学ぶ。因みに幼児も同じように言語を学ぶ。

この４つのステップを踏んだ後に、もしまだ動画の内容が完璧に理解できないということであれば、リスニング聞き取れなかった箇所だけに戻り、更に２—３回を聞くことがお勧めです。

最後ですが、もし、使っている英語について何か質問があればいつでもコメントで聞いてくださいね。他の視聴者のためにもなるし遠慮なく聞いちゃってください。

Good luck!!!

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＃ネントレ　＃寝かしつけトレーニング　＃SLEEPTRAINING