🛑 TỪ VỰNG NÂNG CAO BAND 8 🛑
🛑1. Assumption: (Noun) /əˈsʌm(p)ʃ(ə)n/ : giả định
- Definition: Một cái gì đó bạn nghĩ là đúng mặc dù bạn không có bằng chứng rõ ràng.
- Synonyms: Acceptance, Presumption, Hypothesis.
👉 - Example:
For IELTS Speaking:
“A lot of people make the assumption that poverty only exists in the developing countries.”
“Our plans were based on the assumption that everyone would be willing to help.”
- For IELTS Writing:
“The furore among providers about current government-funding policies which challenge the latter assumption suggests that this is a real danger.”
🛑2. Hierarchy: (Noun) /ˈhʌɪərɑːki/: Cấp bậc
- Definition: Một hệ thống tổ chức trong đó con người được chia thành các mức độ quan trọng gọi là cấp bậc.
- Synonyms: Position, Ranking
👉 Example:
- For IELTS Speaking:
“He can afford to argue with the local hierarchy when the interests of his order require it.”
“Society was arranged in a dual hierarchy, of laymen and clergy.“
- For IELTS Writing:
“When children are segregated by ability groups, a social hierarchy develops.”
🛑3. Coincidence: (Noun) /kəʊˈɪnsɪd(ə)ns/: Trùng hợp ngẫu nhiên
- Definition: Khi hai điều xảy ra cùng một lúc, ở cùng một nơi, hoặc với cùng một người theo cách có vẻ như bất ngờ hoặc bất thường.
- Synonyms: Accident, Happening
👉 Example:
- For IELTS Speaking:
“By coincidence, Jane and I both study at a University of Economics.”
“It was sheer coincidence that we were staying in the same hotel.“
- For IELTS Writing:
- “It was a coincidence that three earthquakes happened across the world in one week.”
🛑4. Licence: (Noun) /ˈlaɪsns/: Giấy phép
- Definition: Một tài liệu chính thức cho thấy đã được cho phép làm, sở hữu hoặc sử dụng thứ gì đó.
- Synonyms: Authorization, Certificate, Charter.
👉 Example:
For IELTS Speaking:
- “You can buy a TV licence at the post office. “
“The company has won the licence to run trains from the south coast to London.“
- For IELTS Writing:
“The government is currently granting no operating licences to foreign“
🛑5. Undertake: (Verb) /ˌʌndəˈteɪk/: Thực hiện
- Definition:Làm một cái gì đó hoặc bắt đầu làm cái gì đó.
- Synonyms: Shoulder, Engage, Launch.
👉 Example:
- For IELTS Speaking:
“University professors both teach and undertake research.”
“The company has announced that it will undertake a full investigation into the accident.”
- For IELTS Writing:
“The research intitiative is being undertaken by a group of environmentalists.”
Các bạn cùng lưu áp dụng nha.
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verb for research 在 Step Up English Facebook 八卦
Chắc hẳn các bạn đều nắm được cách phát âm đuôi -ed. Vậy hôm nay hãy vừa ôn lại - vừa luyện đọc tiếng Anh bằng một bài viết hướng dẫn cách phát âm này hoàn toàn bằng tiếng Anh nhé
Share cho bạn bè cùng học bài này nhé!
You may have noticed that in English, past tense verbs with an -ed ending are pronounced in three different ways:
[t]
[d] or
[Id].
For example:
If I say the past tense verb “walked“, as in, “I walked away,” what is the last sound that you hear in the verb? “Walked” [wakt]
The -ed verb ending sounds like a [t], “Walked” [wakt], even though it ends in the letter “d”.
What do you hear when I say: “smelled“, as in, “it smelled bad.”
The -ed verb ending sounds like a [d]: “smelled” [smeld]
And when I say, “visited”, as in “I visited New York City”, how did I pronounce that “-ed” ending? [Id] [vizitid].
The -ed verb ending sounds like [ɪd], [vizitid].
Why the Sound Changes?
Place your fingertips on the front of your neck, and pronounce the following words. What do you feel on your fingers when you say the underlined sound?
vow | fake (vvv | fff)
zebra | snake (zzz | sss)
–> When we pronounce voiced sounds, our vocal chords vibrate when we say those sounds. [v] [z]. Did you feel the vibration?
–> When we pronounce voiceless sounds, our vocal chords do not vibrate. [f] [s]. No vibration.
This vibration or lack of vibration then carries forward to the following sound in the word. Therefore, this vibration or lack of vibration explains why we pronounce the past tense of verbs in three voiced or voiceless ways: [t], [d] or [Id].
1) [t] final sound
Verbs ending in voiceless sounds [p, k, θ, f, s, ʃ, tʃ] cause the “-ed” ending to be pronounced as the voiceless [t] (with no vocal chord vibration).
[p] “He popped a balloon.” [papt]
[k] “They talked a lot” [takt]
[θ] “th”: “She frothed a cup of milk” [frawθt]
[f] “I laughed at the movie.” [læft]
[s] “She kissed a frog.” [kIst]
[ʃ] “sh”: “We brushed it off.” [bruʃt]
[tʃ] “ch”: “I reached around for it.” [riytʃt]
2) [d] final sound
Verbs ending in the voiced sounds [b, g, ð, v, z, ʒ, dʒ, m, n, ŋ, r, l] cause the “-ed” ending to be pronounced as a voiced [d].
[b] “It bobbed up and down.” [babd]
[g] “He begged her to stay.” [bɛgd]
[ð] “She breathed loudly.” [briyðd]
[v] “They loved it.” [luvd]
[z] “We raised her expectations.” [reyzd]
[dʒ] “They bridged the gap.” [brIdʒd]
[m] “I claimed it was mine.” [kleymd]
[n] “They banned new members.” [bænd]
[ŋ] “She banged into the chair.” [bæŋd]
[r] “He cleared it up.” [kliyrd]
[l] “I rolled up the paper.” [rowld]
3) [əd] or [ɪd] final sound
Verbs ending in the sounds [t] or [d] will cause the “-ed” ending of a verb to be pronounced as the syllable [əd] or [ɪd].
[t] “I visited the Empire State Building.” [vɪzɪtəd]
[t] “She edited the research paper.” [ɛdɪtɪd]
[d] “We ended the game early.” [ɛndɪd]
[d] “He breaded the chicken.” [brɛdɪd]
Nếu muốn phát âm đúng, bạn cần luyện nghe thật nhiều.
-st-
verb for research 在 Which Verb Tenses to Use in a Research Paper - YouTube 的八卦
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