sometimes 放 句首的八卦，Yahoo名人娛樂都在討論

[詞彙區別] rather than 與 instead of 的用法區別

1. instead of 是介係詞，意思為「代替; 寧願」，instead of 需搭配名詞或動名詞 (ving )。

He chose tea instead of coffee.
他選擇了茶，而不是咖啡。

Instead of punishing George,* his father praised him for his honesty.
George的爸爸不但沒有處罰他，反而還稱讚了George的誠實。

*instead of 放在句首時，記得要打逗號，以區分主句和 instead of 片語。

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2. rather than 當連接詞時意為「是…而不是…」

We use “rather than” to give more importance to one thing when two alternatives or preferences are being compared.

當句子中針對2個選項在進行比較的時候，我們常會運用 rather than 這個連結詞去加強其中一件事情本身相對較高的重要性。其前後所連接的兩個字在詞性和結構上必須相稱。

He was happy (adj.) rather than sad (adj.).
他是快樂而非難過的。

She ate her meal slowly (adv.) rather than quickly (adv.).
她慢條斯理地而不是快速地用餐。

Can we come over in the morning (prep. phrase) rather than at night (prep. phrase)?
我們可以早上而不要晚上過去嗎 ?

She wants to be a professor (n.) rather than a high school teacher (n.).
她想要成為的是一位教授，而非一位高中老師。

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3. 另一個常見的用法是would rather...than...，指「寧可…而不願….」，此處的rather than也是被當成連接詞作使用，其後接原形動詞。「寧願…而不願…」句型中的rather than通常不會被放在句首，常用的表達方式如下：

I would rather stay home than go out tonight.
我寧願待在家也不要和你出去。

She would rather play the drums than sing.
比起唱歌，她寧願打鼓。

I would rather sing a song than dance on stage.
我寧可唱首歌也不要上台跳舞。

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4. rather than 可作「介系詞」用，表「而不是…」之意，其句型為：rather than ( = instead of ) + n / v-ing*

Sometimes John drinks orange juice rather than ( = instead of ) milk.
John 有時候會喝柳橙汁，而不是牛奶。

Tina went to bed early rather than ( = instead of ) staying up late.
Tina 早就上床睡覺了，而沒有熬夜。

*有一些人會認為 rather than 後面接動名詞是非正式用法，請看以下的說明。

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※注意

A. 當 rather than 連接兩個字詞做為句子的主詞時，其動詞單複數變化須以第一個字詞為主。

The teacher (subject) rather than the students is (verb) to blame.
該受責備的是老師而不是學生。

B. 當主要子句有動詞，不定詞 (to v.) 時 to 在 rather than 後通常省略，rather than 後直接搭配原形動詞 (此時 rather than 被當成對等連接詞，其前後所連接的兩個字在詞性和結構上必須相稱) 。

He prefers to walk (to v.) rather than (to) run (v.).
他想要用走的，而不是跑的。

C. 當主要子句有動詞，rather than 後可接動詞。此時 rather than 視為連接詞。

He walks (v.) rather than runs (v.) to school every day.
他走路，而不是每天跑到學校的。

主要的動詞是過去式或是過去分詞時，rather than 後可接動名詞 v-ing（此時 rather than 被當成介系詞)。原因是有些人覺得對稱構句如果被應用在這裡並不適當，而另一方面，連接動名詞 (v-ing) 也可有加強敘述事件內容的含義。

The American Heritage Book of English Usage: A Practical and Authoritative Guide to Contemporary English: http://goo.gl/BF3VZa

Rather than ending the controversy, the results of the study added to it.
Rather than paying the taxi fare, he walked home.
Why didn't you ask for help, rather than trying to do it on your own?
She made students think for themselves, rather than telling them what to think.
Rather than studying Chemistry we decided to study Anatomy

rather than 後可接動名詞 (v-ing)
http://dictionary.cambridge.org/grammar/british-grammar/rather
http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/rather?q=rather+than&searchDictCode=all
http://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/rather_1
http://blog.cybertranslator.idv.tw/archives/2847

E. 有些人會認定說 rather than 只能被當成連結詞去做使用，不太會被當成介系詞。但其實在日常生活的應用上並沒有甚麼區別。

我的建議是:當你在考試的時候，如果將 rather than 當成連接詞的話，就必須要確認其前後所連接的兩個詞彙，它們在詞性和結構上必須要相稱；那另一方面，把 instead of 和動名詞及名詞片語搭配使用。當然，你最好還是要能夠去區分這兩種用法在詞意上實際的差異，所以，前述的建議是要幫助各位同學在面對考試的過程中，穩扎穩打，不輕易失分。

F. Rather than 和 instead of 在被當成介系詞使用時，還會有另一項差異: rather than 常被用來表達人物對於句子中，rather than 前方選項的偏好；而 instead of 則是以替代性質的詞意為主。

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Sources:
http://dictionary.cambridge.org/grammar/british-grammar/would-rather-would-sooner
http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/rather?q=rather+than&searchDictCode=all
http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/rather%20than
www.azargrammar.com/GerundsInfinsImpRules.pdf
http://josecarilloforum.com/forum/index.php?topic=6136.0
http://www.grammar-quizzes.com/ratherthan.html
http://blog.cybertranslator.idv.tw/archives/2847
http://www.learnerhall.org/2012/11/insteadinstead-ofrather-than.html

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詞彙區別: http://goo.gl/xnhtQg

[翻轉視界 3] 媽媽是世界上最辛苦工作

To all the mothers out there, thank you for your sacrifices and happy Mother’s Day!

辛苦了， 媽媽們!

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原文及圖片授權來自於 Humans of Taipei和台灣社區實踐協會

結婚前，我在日商公司的工廠工作，當到管理幹部，本來也存了一筆錢準備婚後買房，沒想到婚後，根本來想的完全不一樣。

Before I got married, I worked in a factory ran by a Japanese company. I worked my way up to management and saved some money to purchase a house after marriage. Little did I expect how different life would be after I got married.

1. work your way up/to the top 逐步達成: https://bit.ly/2La73Eu

2. little did somebody know/realize/think 用來說某人不知道或認為某事會發生或是真的: https://bit.ly/2SJ7s4Z

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我和前夫是朋友介紹認識的。一直以來，我在感情裡面都沒什麼自信、處於弱勢，總是被拋棄的那一方。之前也有個男友曾經論及婚嫁，但他媽媽嫌我內向不會講話，沒辦法幫忙做生意，所以後來還是分手了。我跟前夫交往沒有幾個月就結婚，那時候覺得他在公司工作五、六年，應該很有定性，感覺也是個顧家、愛小孩的人。雖然不致於大富大貴，但夫妻倆應該可以過個穩定的幸福生活。

My ex-husband and I were introduced by friends. I have never had much confidence in my relationships. I was always the weaker half, the one who was always left behind. Before my ex-husband, I had a boyfriend who proposed marriage, but his mother felt that I was too much of an introvert and could not help him manage his business. We parted ways in the end. My ex-husband and I got married a few months after we began dating. He had been working in his company for five to six years at the time, so I felt he had a stable life. He also felt like a family man and one who loves children. While he was not rich, I felt we could live a stable and happy life.

3. have confidence in… 對…有信心
4. propose marriage 提出結婚、論及婚嫁
5. introvert 性格內向者
6. part ways 分開
7. see each other 交往，談戀愛
8. a family man 關心家庭的人
9. stable life 穩定的生活

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婚後，陸續生下大女兒和小兒子，兩個差三歲，但都是我在養。老公婚後都是半夜才回家，而且他除了房租以外，其餘生活開銷都不肯出。我盡量維持他在外的形象，都沒有跟別人說。因為實在沒錢，我還曾經打去他的公司，問老闆什麼時候發薪水？老闆很驚訝地跟我說，他的薪水比廠長還高，我們應該生活無虞才對。

After marriage, we had our eldest daughter and a son three years later, but I had to raise them myself. My husband would always return home after midnight, and he never paid for any living expenses other than rent. I tried to help maintain his image so I kept silent. However, I just did not have enough money, so I called his company one day and asked his boss when he would be paid. His boss was surprised. He told me that my husband’s salary was higher than that of the factory director and we should not have to worry about basic necessities.

10. raise 撫養
11. pay living expense 支付生活開銷
12. maintain one’s image 維持形象
13. factory director 廠長
14. basic necessities 基本生活必需物品與花用

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我實在不知道他半夜都去哪，把錢花到哪去。總之，我一直苦撐，我總覺得小孩要有爸爸、要有完整的家庭；撐越久，又覺得「我都已經撐這麼久了」，如果現在放棄的話，那不就前功盡棄了嗎？本來要用來買房子的存款，為了養小孩，全部花完，後來我幾乎一天只吃一餐，最慘的時候，還曾經母子三人吃一個便當。

I really didn’t know where he went in the middle of the night, and where he spent all his money. I hung on because I felt that the children must have a father and a complete family. I thought that I had already hung on for so long—if I had given up, then everything would have been for nothing. The money I had saved to purchase a house was completely spent on my children. I could only eat one meal a day, and at times the three of us would only share a single lunchbox.

15. hang on 堅持*
16. at times 有時
17. lunchbox 便當

*hang on (5): https://bit.ly/3frV9Uf

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你能想像嗎？我家沒有電視也沒有電腦，冷氣壞了沒辦法修，洗衣機壞了，我只能手洗衣服。社工問我，為什麼小孩身上臭臭的？我也不知道該怎麼說，因為他們的衣服本來就是二手的，而且我只能手洗，他們一流汗就臭了。還好，我去工作之後，偶爾可以把衣服拿去投幣式洗衣機啦。

Could you imagine what we went through? There wasn’t a TV or a computer in our house. Even when the air conditioner or the washing machine was broken, we could not fix it. I had to wash the clothes by hand! The social worker would ask me why the kids’ clothes stank, and I did not know what to tell them. Thankfully, after I began working, we could occasionally take our clothes to a coin-operated laundromat.

18. go through 遭受，經歷，經受（苦難等）
19. stink (v.) 散發異味，發出難聞的氣味
20. thankfully 通常用於句首，表示高興或感激）幸好，幸虧
21. coin-operated laundromat 投幣式洗衣店*

*launderette: https://bit.ly/2Wb8FUz

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我苦撐了十年才離婚，後來徹底心寒，是因為債務問題。我前夫不拿錢回家，我只能用信用卡去大賣場採買日常用品，前夫要買什麼，也會要我刷卡，甚至還要幫他付電話費，一個月就兩萬元。我說我不幫你繳，他說好阿，那被停話你跟小孩就找不到我了。就這樣債務累積越來越多，到最後，我只好跟銀行談妥還債計畫，跟娘家借錢還債。這也讓我決定離婚。

I hung on for a decade before filing for divorce. I found out later that my ex-husband had debt problems. He did not bring any money home, so I could only use credit cards to purchase groceries. Whatever he wanted to buy, he would ask me to use my card. I even had to pay his phone bills. Sometimes the bills amounted to 20,000 a month, so I told my husband I would not pay. "That's fine, but then you and the kids wouldn't be able to reach me anymore, " he said. The debts piled up until finally, I negotiated a debt settlement with the bank and asked my in-laws for money to pay the bank. I decided to file for divorce afterward.

22. get a divorce 離婚
23. debt problem 債務問題
24. purchase groceries 購買食品雜貨
25. pile up（使）（不好的事物）增加，（使）累積
26. debt settlement 還債計畫*
27. in-laws 姻親
28. file for divorce 在法庭提起離婚訴訟

*debt settlement https://bit.ly/3djBofy

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目前，我們還跟前夫住在一起，因為要搬出去，就得準備兩個月的押金和第一個月的租金，我得要努力存錢才有能力處理。阿山他們介紹我去超市工作，我希望超市趕快開幕，我才有辦法趕快賺錢搬出去。

At present, my children and I are still living with my ex-husband, because you need to have a two-month deposit and payment for the first month to rent a place. I have to work harder and save. Ah Shan and them (social workers) found me a job at a supermarket. I wished it would open soon so I could save and move out.

29. deposit 押金
30. social worker 社工

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其實，哪個女生不希望嫁個好老公？但是老公再有錢，沒有真心愛妳都沒用；即使老公賺不多，但只要願意顧家，那就是好老公。

All girls want a good husband. However, if your husband doesn't really love you, it doesn't matter how rich he is. Even if your husband does not make much, if he cares for his family, then he is a good husband.

★★★★★★★★★★★★

資訊與照片出處:
https://bit.ly/2WFeqsz

Visit Humans of Taipei for more stories!

★★★★★★★★★★★★

如何增進同理心: https://bit.ly/34qSKnC

Humans of Taipei: https://bit.ly/2S2Avjz

台灣社區發展協會: https://bit.ly/3cfRqHq

#ChangingPerspectives
#翻轉視界

歐洲人vs亞洲人的隱私觀念 (臉書越來越超過了)

認識Fabian之後,我意識到我們的隱私觀念相差很多,首先是在網路上放照片還有我們私人的生活與資訊,我們是經過討論後達成共識哪些可以上傳哪些保留,而有次我印象最深的是,他開始使用Line後,竟然說他有點不想要讓line可以同步他的照片,因為這樣line會知道他所有拍的照片了..........

但是來自台灣的恬恬,真的對隱私的概念沒有很強烈的意識,我都覺得為何不能同步,不就是照片嗎？或是每次看到不錯的網站都註冊然後留下自己重要的資訊,都沒想過哪天公司或網站出賣你把你的資訊都賣給別人！這也是為何我們常接到補習班的來電或簡訊！或是為何詐騙集團有我們的資訊打到我們家裡........

最近得知臉書可能會推出一個功能,就是讓那些買廣告促銷產品的廣告商,有機會追蹤消費者的購買行為(像是瀏覽了哪些網站或是點了哪些連結),你們不覺得很可怕嗎？好像你在用電腦有人在監視你一樣......同樣道理google其實也這麼做,你可能使用時覺得好人性化知道我喜歡哪類型的文章或影片,但殊不知你完全被看光光啦！！！！！

結論恬恬只是要提醒大家,真的要開始注意自己的隱私了！不要隨便就在任何地方留下你的重要資訊,哪天被騙被賣了就完蛋了QQ照片用意在提醒隱私哈哈哈哈哈哈哈

臉書新工具新聞:
http://www.wired.com/…/facebook-rolls-online-tool-testing-…/
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Deutsch lernen:

Am Nachmittag mache ich meine Hausaufgaben und dann surfe ich im Internet.
我下午做功課完後上網用電腦

1.Am Nachmittag時間副詞可以放在句首(position 1)或是ich後方(position 3),但此時主動詞不用倒裝,ich mache am Nachmittag.....
2.machen:做 第一人稱單數動詞變化加e
3.Hausaufgaben因為是復數,前方的冠詞加e(這裡是akkusativ,但是跟nominativ的復數變化一樣)
4. und dann這個連接詞的動詞與主詞需要倒裝
5.in dem Internet: in＋Dativ, in+dem可以縮寫成im
_______________________________________________

European vs. Asians awareness of privacy

After I met Fabian, I realized that our concept of privacy is quite different. I need to discuss with him which photos or information I can post on Internet. Once I was very impressive and surprised that he didn't want Line (a social networking app) to sync his photos. Becuz then Line will know all the pics he takes!

I was born in Taiwan. I didn't learn the importance of privacy. For me, I will let any apps sync my photos. I thought it's not a big deal. And sometimes when I find some nice websites or activities, I register them and enter all my important personal data. I didn't think that maybe one day some companies or websites would sell your data to someone else. That's why sometimes we receive calls from cram school. (We never go there but they know our home number!)

Today I heard from the radio that Facebook might develop a tool that facilitate advertisers. They can track our behavior online. Which means any links or websites you are browsing Facebook will know. Don't you think it's quite scary? It's like someone spying you. And actually Google does it, too. When you use Google, you might think it's quite friend;y becuz it knows your preference so it shows things you might like. However, it knows all your information and data! That's how it can show you the customized page.

In summary, I just wanna remind that we should start to pay attention of our privacy. So no one can use your data for any bad uses.