love story pdf的八卦，PINTEREST和Yahoo名人娛樂都在討論

New VIDEO on my YouTube Channel! It's a Campaign!
CAMPAIGN ♥ http://igg.me/at/venusangelicstudio
EASY SHARING: Copy&Paste. Thank you for every way of support!!!

VenusAngelic YouTube Video Making Studio in Korea CAMPAIGN
http://igg.me/at/venusangelicstudio
$1 ♥ 3 MP3 SONGS
$5 ♥ WALL OF ANGELIC (+3 mp3s)
$15 ♥ .PDF BEHIND-THE-SCENES
$25 ♥ AUTOGRAPHED POLAROID (399)
$25 ♥ PHOTO BOOK
$50 ♥ PHOTO BOOK + 500 PIECES PUZZLE
$50 ♥ PHOTO BOOK + AUTOGRAPHED POLAROID (399)
$85 ♥ AUTOGRAPHED BOOK (999)
$100 ♥ VENUS ANGELIC GIFT BOX
$150 ♥ KOREAN CUTE SURPRISE BOX
$150 ♥ INSTAGRAM SHOUTOUT
$250 ♥ GIFT BOX KOREA & VENUS
$300 ♥ INSTA SHOUTOUT + SURPRISE BOX
$400 ♥ INSTA + GIFT BOX Korea & Venus
$1000 ♥ BBQ & KARAOKE: WITH ME +GIFT

Hi .... cute snowflake princess .. and prince?
you know my name, I'm Venus, you know where I am, I'm in Seoul, South Korea ..
it's getting bloody cold though hahaha
Let's make this quick!
I created a crowdfunding campaign on Indiegogo, here's the link: ........
We are funding a Youtube Video Making Studio! Yuppie!
But
there's the Korean rental system, called : 전세 which costs $40000 for renting a studio plus some monthly rent and utilities making it even +$5000 higher.
To raise this money I am offering lots of fun perks just as mp3 songs, behind-the-scenes infos, a thick photo book, a 500 pieces puzzle, T-shirt, autographed polaroids, instagram shoutout, surprise package of cute Korean thingies, or spend an evening with me at dinner and Karaoke!
I really hope to get you excited, you can support my video making while getting yourself or someone you love a nice gift.
Please read the story of the crowdfunding campaign, it explains everything. See youuuu!

中英文網路資料免費分享 :
FACEBOOK 社團:
[好書精選] 中英文教育資源及好物優惠分享
https://www.facebook.com/groups/326160951723794/
大家好，我是一位目前住在美國灣區的台灣媽媽，育有一女一子(8歲、6歲)，美國電腦科學研究所博士 (電腦輔助醫學、電腦視覺、機器學習)。曾經入圍2018年信誼基金會幼兒文學獎。喜愛收集優質的教育資訊及推廣好書，希望能在此園地和您交流~ :)

＊中英文各科目教育資源整理 原文網址 （持續更新中）
https://www.facebook.com/groups/326160951723794/permalink/520677625605458/

#中文節目 #英文節目
#台灣各公立家圖書館資源

#英文學習App
#KhanAcademyKids
#中文筆順字詞學習App萌典

#台灣翰林課本習作電子書

#國語日報週刊免費看
#未來兒童雜誌免費看
#美國灣區小學線上教學軟體使用經驗

🌼[YouTube免費收看:優質兒童/青少年節目整理] 中文繪本故事、英文繪本故事、運動、美術、音樂、科學魔術、科學實驗、科普知識、哲學思辨、中英雙語學習、食育科學烹飪、藝術、讀書辯論、名人讀書訪談、青年夢想實踐、漢字探討、兒童認字、保健科普等

2020年三月美國開始 Shelter-in-Place 學校停課後，社團陸續整理了許多台灣優質的兒童及青少年節目，以及美國老師課堂上常使用的YouTube頻道，希望小朋友即使在家閉關防疫，也可以從這些精采的節目中習得知識並感受到樂趣。

把之前介紹過的45+個節目，youtube和介紹文連結整理在此篇，希望能夠讓大家更容易找到資訊，祝願防疫順利，大家健康平安!

P.S.文末也附上翰林版國小/國中/高中課文習作電子書和國文朗讀官方下載資源、台灣圖書館電子書借閱平台、英文學習App (Khan Academy Kids)、美國小學線上教學軟體經驗等資訊整理供參考。

歡迎推廣本社團給親朋好友，感謝大家! :-)

📍 中文繪本故事

Good TV: 神奇故事屋 (+實地訪查)

🔗 https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLaphkk9pAYCLnEJYJKI2rmbmNGbHez4DL

👓 https://www.facebook.com/groups/326160951723794/permalink/326693245003898

Good TV: 烤箱讀書會 (+甜點製作)

🔗 https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLaphkk9pAYCITBfMYF4UKu1QaQTu-dVsl

👓 https://www.facebook.com/groups/326160951723794/permalink/336377934035429


富邦文教基金會: 藝起說故事 (目前共50集，每集約10分鐘) (藝人說故事+動畫)
🔗 https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC4S3BKKtW2jL1eAVpT08M4A/featured

📍英文繪本故事

Brightly Storytime (Miss Lina或作者親說，Penguin Random House出版商合作)

🔗 https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCvQagFNHMrGgQpYunk4rHXg

👓 https://www.facebook.com/groups/326160951723794/permalink/487230112283543

Storyline Online (美國藝人說故事)

🔗https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLVkRno2M8Jkpso5VkXR32GK8nIBBEygCa

👓https://www.facebook.com/groups/326160951723794/permalink/338935907112965

Story Time from Space (來自外太空的故事時間)
🔗https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCpotjVqWv3KfGHjWztjPKgg

艾瑞卡爾博物館 (Eric Carle Museum): 繪本說故事 (知名作者:好餓好餓的毛毛蟲)

🔗 https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLJC4ZhubfgnXk02jlRGbjIAbkMSSN9loA
👓 https://www.facebook.com/groups/326160951723794/permalink/526476528358901

📍博物館探訪
YOYO TV: 博物館探險趣
🔗 https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLo_HY74ov2N0QlGht468fvn2IHhju8n5B

📍運動類

MOMO 親子台: 運動練習生 (每集45分鐘)

🔗 https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1IigiWrn-KroRNGNi9dIrAJZsaWlWUHM

👓 https://www.facebook.com/groups/326160951723794/permalink/509871293352758

Cosmic Kids Yoga (兒童瑜珈+背景卡通動畫)

🔗 https://www.youtube.com/user/CosmicKidsYoga

👓 https://www.facebook.com/groups/326160951723794/permalink/331341251205764

MOMO 親子台: 就是愛瑜珈
🔗 https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1IigiWrn-KpKpu904jRKiukybfQsW88I

GoNoodle (英文歌曲、動畫，運動)

🔗 https://www.youtube.com/user/GoNoodleGames

📍流行音樂舞蹈

Kidz Bop Kids (美國著名兒童歌唱舞蹈團體)

🔗 https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKE0Xnj818IDaHvIcRiq0Bg

📍自然探索、動物生態類

MOMO 親子台: 動物大明星 (全五季共65集，每集22分鐘)

🔗 https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1IigiWrn-KoP6Rcuw3zYZio_oGEFtxCF

👓 https://www.facebook.com/groups/326160951723794/permalink/523722395300981/

YOYOTV: 好好玩自然 (全三季共40集，一集24分鐘)

🔗 https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLpVLNX2G8UIt4mm0RX9jL9BAH8yatJ9JA

👓 https://www.facebook.com/groups/326160951723794/permalink/338306687175887/

大愛電視: 妙博士的異想世界 (共26集，一集24分鐘)

🔗 https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLYfJOvcvKb2SBlZyPhyFRyczbkSa5Ud12

👓 https://www.facebook.com/groups/326160951723794/permalink/386251849048037

國家地理雜誌

🔗 https://www.youtube.com/c/Ngtaiwan/featured

動物星球頻道

🔗 https://www.youtube.com/user/Dogs101TW

📍科學魔術類

YOYOTV: 科學偵探團 (共13集，每集23分鐘)

🔗 https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLgZx3ncZz696LsICrTuzMAB0LR7O6y9L7

👓 https://www.facebook.com/groups/326160951723794/permalink/439198003753421/

YOYOTV: Hello! 瑪奇課

🔗 https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLo_HY74ov2N2ieJN6PTii5Zt9vpqkIXHM
👓 https://www.facebook.com/groups/326160951723794/permalink/332617654411457/

MOMO親子台: 魔法小學堂
🔗https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1IigiWrn-KqXcwpB254mg5Wv_SKbmuh_

📍科學實驗類

大愛電視: TRY科學 (目前共 59 集，一集 24 分鐘)

🔗 https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLYfJOvcvKb2RzPaNrVaRHIrgZwOOcjU9s

👓 https://www.facebook.com/groups/326160951723794/permalink/352366659103223/

大愛電視: 生活裡的科學 (共 250 集，一集 24 分鐘，2013 ~ 2018年)

🔗 https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLYfJOvcvKb2Qwr7Q4G1gMgxC3qDR35cy5

👓 https://www.facebook.com/groups/326160951723794/permalink/347642409575648

📍食育科學 / 烹飪 / 農業種植類
MOMO 親子台: 快樂小廚房 (共20集，每集22分鐘)
🔗 https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1IigiWrn-Ko9wRe7s5PK8srkoIEV18fH

公視兒少: 神廚賽恩師 (目前共22集，每集 25分鐘)

🔗 https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLR9-cXLksRCsqtoAMPM8zxrgi6WnGHt9f

👓 https://www.facebook.com/groups/326160951723794/permalink/439816230358265

MOMO親子台: 快樂小農夫 (全1季20集，每集22分鐘) 食農教育

🔗 https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1IigiWrn-KoJSt2-8F8It8x4VUm6E101

👓 https://www.facebook.com/groups/326160951723794/permalink/524818501858037/

做菜ABC (共61集，每集11/22分鐘) 中英雙語

🔗 https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1IigiWrn-Krs6NwdaoAX5U424DAngxN2

👓 https://www.facebook.com/groups/326160951723794/permalink/509297763410111

Good TV: 烤箱讀書會 (每集24分鐘)

🔗 https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLaphkk9pAYCITBfMYF4UKu1QaQTu-dVsl

👓 https://www.facebook.com/groups/326160951723794/permalink/336377934035429

📍哲學思辨類

Good TV 貓道上的哲學家

🔗 https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLaphkk9pAYCKrzmPezCXTryQxtLs6KfF-

👓 https://www.facebook.com/groups/326160951723794/permalink/444048586601696

📍音樂學習類

公共電視: 古典魔力客 (主持人: 黃韻玲，完整三季共 39 集，一集25分鐘)

🔗 https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLR9-cXLksRCucS4yR8pGWOUwxhUiRhwFn

👓 https://www.facebook.com/groups/326160951723794/permalink/337109500628939

安迪老師 (德國漢堡音樂大學教授，指導鋼琴曲的詮釋)

🔗 https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCZg4j8q1h0fT_j48R3aN4Lg

👓 https://www.facebook.com/groups/326160951723794/permalink/493494354990452

MOMO親子台: 牛奶與麗麗 (烏克麗麗教學，共76集，每集11分鐘)

🔗 https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1IigiWrn-KroPNGb6a_QlmBoDaSaDnAs

👓 https://www.facebook.com/groups/326160951723794/permalink/523209112018976/

江老師上大師班系列
🔗第一集 (陳敏華教授)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tgKboyUt3Eg

🔗第二集 (盧易之教授)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XjawAsvDe4w
👓 https://www.facebook.com/groups/326160951723794/permalink/520109028995651

好和弦: 不可不知的基礎樂理 (21部影片)
🔗 https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLmVjZfPp5kiNVtlRBphjzBUIH_Xa15h08

Muzik 大師悄悄話 (目前共21集，一集3.5~7分鐘)

(鋼琴、小提琴、中提琴、大提琴、單簧管、長笛、法國號、女高音、指揮等共21位大師精彩談話)
🔗 https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9OkC31rPuMaDrvfcjGQyuG3o5APk6EpA
👓 https://www.facebook.com/groups/326160951723794/permalink/479799183026636/

Muzik Air 網站: 免費古典音樂 - 系統式學習與聆聽
(分有 聽樂/讀樂/赴樂/影片等四大分頁)
🔗 https://www.muzikair.com/tw
👓 https://www.facebook.com/groups/326160951723794/permalink/482734636066424

📍音樂會欣賞
久石讓＠日本武道館 吉卜力工作室動畫25周年紀念音樂會 (高清)
(宮崎駿卡通精彩音樂會)
🔗 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eY1XtWyKlJA
(此上傳者不是官方，但有官方音樂版權聲明)
👓 https://www.facebook.com/groups/326160951723794/permalink/470230423983512

📍美術類

大愛電視: 小主播看天下wow 的 "Oh! 這就是美" 集數 (約 30集，一集 24分鐘)
以下 Google Document 是我整理的有關美術的集數
🔗https://docs.google.com/document/d/1-L-DwqxnsQ0zlZ2MDMPIHk5M_2xgJqyUiQvoYd5L1Vc/

👓 https://www.facebook.com/groups/326160951723794/permalink/365302857809603

英文 Let's Make Art 頻道 (透明水彩、不透明水彩、壓克力繪畫、混和技法)

🔗 https://www.youtube.com/c/LetsMakeArt/playlists

👓 https://www.facebook.com/groups/326160951723794/permalink/487800005559887

MOMO親子台: 紙箱做玩具

🔗 https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1IigiWrn-Krz5HIrzWC_fvtgXpseR6R9

👓 https://www.facebook.com/groups/326160951723794/permalink/510904863249401

MOMO親子台: 一起玩摺紙
🔗 https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1IigiWrn-Kp2rF49rBbiYcbSwzfgViPx

Art for Kids Hub (美國小學老師也喜歡出這裡的影片當美術小作業)

🔗 https://www.youtube.com/user/ArtforKidsHub

📍中英雙語學習類

MOMO親子台:學學ABC

🔗 https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1IigiWrn-KrG1zik81TRYjknZOaqEvNE

MOMO親子台:ABC故事屋 (各國經典故事、名人傳記雙語，真人解說+動畫)

🔗 https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1IigiWrn-KocjS3RsH4pd2x50mb7Q_DX

MOMO親子台:做菜ABC

🔗 https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1IigiWrn-Krs6NwdaoAX5U424DAngxN2

👓 這三個節目的文字介紹
https://www.facebook.com/groups/326160951723794/permalink/509297763410111

📍綜合學習

小行星樂樂TV頻道

🔗https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtWocEKhgpEffPDlwwozK9Q

未來親子TV

🔗 https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCLbYagPqVZbr1aoAU5DV4KQ

TED-ED 中文短篇課程
🔗 https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLDYWZUcGbh494_GlcJjd3SlF5p4JPAsUF

📍中文識字學習

MOMO親子台: 跟哥哥姐姐學國字 (共70集，每集2分鐘)

🔗 https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1IigiWrn-Kpq8ZOhGIJyPLZSKYdRL0zp

MOMO親子台: 一起來認字 (共69集，每集1.5分鐘)

🔗 https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1IigiWrn-KoXclQzjy9QCF0b1qgOUKq2

👓 https://www.facebook.com/groups/326160951723794/permalink/523234642016423/

📍成語故事教學類

MOMO親子台: 一起學成語 (每集 4.5 分鐘，共50集)

🔗 https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1IigiWrn-KoAVB287Jm1vM1UKyMdF0YD

MOMO親子台: 聽聽成語故事 (每集 3 分鐘，共50集)

🔗 https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1IigiWrn-Ko0wLUgluV3bspykpjDqohd

👓 https://www.facebook.com/groups/326160951723794/permalink/513286399677914/

📍兒童情緒教育類

大愛電視: 伯源哥哥的祕密屋 (每集24分鐘)

🔗 https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLYfJOvcvKb2QXZsXlrqqkHqjB9_Xuf21b

👓 https://www.facebook.com/groups/326160951723794/permalink/375341600139062/

📍藝術探討類

公視: 藝術很有事

🔗 https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL8T9CzvHiDeYnwWFFKkEePFG68OxEwNl5

👓 https://www.facebook.com/groups/326160951723794/permalink/328724158134140

大愛電視: 立德路2號 How ART You

🔗 https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLYfJOvcvKb2TFepEuECTIJWNRBaeMV14k

👓 https://www.facebook.com/groups/326160951723794/permalink/477585453248009

📍讀書辯論類

大愛電視: 青春愛讀書 (主持人:謝哲青)

🔗https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLYfJOvcvKb2QHyXgwobyofs2TAebZYEQS

👓https://www.facebook.com/groups/326160951723794/permalink/350828785923677

📍兒童/青年夢想實踐

大愛電視: 熱青年

🔗 https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLYfJOvcvKb2S3FuOmfgqHrdU452UbKrjO

👓 https://www.facebook.com/groups/326160951723794/permalink/395788288094393

公視: 小孩酷斯拉

🔗 https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLR9-cXLksRCv1Yft8gIDyT_IoMf5nN7uc

👓 https://www.facebook.com/groups/326160951723794/permalink/355501372123085

📍知識科普

PanSci 泛科學

🔗 https://www.youtube.com/user/pansci

科普新視界

🔗 https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCWWBL-WFsEcHI_V0XaOsANQ

Minute Earth

🔗 https://www.youtube.com/user/minuteearth

Mystery Doug

🔗 https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCPRCRM3JKm3sw55lB_427qg

BrainPop

🔗 https://www.youtube.com/user/mobytherobot

📍數學科普

數感實驗室

🔗 https://www.youtube.com/c/%E6%95%B8%E6%84%9F%E5%AF%A6%E9%A9%97%E5%AE%A4NumeracyLab/featured

📍保健科普

黃瑽寧醫師健康講堂

🔗https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCkha3wg7As4t9duOzre5HcQ

📍漢字起源學習類

大愛電視: 國民漢字須知

🔗 https://www.daai.tv/program/P1391

👓 https://www.facebook.com/groups/326160951723794/permalink/474727143533840/

📍人文傳記/事件故事

改變世界的密碼 - 郝廣才在中視 (根據 "今天" 這本書，共366集，每集5分鐘)

🔗 https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLu_yoBy_pbO3Yi-GS1Jk6exWwXxbhvyrn

👓 https://www.facebook.com/groups/326160951723794/permalink/499774861029068

📍名人訪談

名人書房 (主持人: 詹慶齡 + 來賓推薦書籍)

🔗 https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCsGup_2nYgcl9YNpACUHrfw/featured

👓 https://www.facebook.com/groups/326160951723794/permalink/326786041661285

大雲時堂 (主持人: 李四端，+ 來賓享用精選料理)

🔗 https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLk00QFZ8-KpSaC0nPPWAJ4896dwnade8F

👓 https://www.facebook.com/groups/326160951723794/permalink/456096738730214

📍台灣翰林國小國語課本 - 課文內容下載與國文朗讀影片 (官方免費資源)

https://www.facebook.com/groups/326160951723794/permalink/471578433848711

📍台灣免費電子書各平台整理 (HyRead各圖書館、台灣雲端書庫、華藝電子書)

https://www.facebook.com/groups/326160951723794/permalink/434622187544336/

📍英文學習免費App: Khan Academy Kids (包含大量優質有聲書)

https://www.facebook.com/groups/326160951723794/permalink/521536162186271/

📍中文筆順字詞學習App/網站: 萌典

https://www.facebook.com/groups/326160951723794/permalink/467933737546514

📍美國灣區小學線上教學軟體使用經驗 (SeeSaw, Clever, Zoom)

https://www.facebook.com/groups/326160951723794/permalink/525375721802315

📍國語日報週刊 / 中學生報/ 國語日報 近期數期 PDF免費下載

「防疫自學 公益閱讀」全版報紙 PDF 下載專區https://www.mdnkids.com/MdnRead-Covid19/

https://www.facebook.com/groups/326160951723794/permalink/525984018408152

📍未來兒童/未來少年100期雜誌免費看https://www.facebook.com/globalkidsmonthly/posts/4415150248523235

==============================
其他優質節目介紹 (Amazon Prime Video/ Netflix/中英雙語 DVD)

📍 兒童科普卡通: 戴帽子的貓
Amazon Prime Video / Netflix / 中英雙語 DVD
👓 https://www.facebook.com/groups/326160951723794/permalink/498119837861237/

📍 幼兒早期英語學習卡通推薦
Amazon Prime Video 會員觀看
Word World 字的世界 (英文拼字、Phonics 發音學習)

If You Give A Mouse A Cookie 如果你給老鼠一片餅乾

Guess How Much I Love You 猜猜我有多愛你

The Cat in the Hat Knows a Lot About That! 戴帽子的貓懂很多 (知識科普)
👓 https://www.facebook.com/groups/326160951723794/permalink/500854484254439

📍 吉娃斯愛科學 (台灣製作科普卡通)
YouTube 幾集 Samples / DVD
👓 https://www.facebook.com/groups/326160951723794/permalink/432885827717972

📍 魔法校車 (Magic School Bus)，魔法校車再度啟程 (Magic School Bus Rides Again)
Netflix 觀看

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1IscM4JaW7fMovb6zgUvxj4XXJU20xWqiWpMBIaRzpTY/mobilebasic

📜 [專欄新文章] Uniswap v3 Features Explained in Depth

✍️ 田少谷 Shao

📥 歡迎投稿： https://medium.com/taipei-ethereum-meetup #徵技術分享文 #使用心得 #教學文 #medium

Once again the game-changing DEX 🦄 👑

Image source: https://uniswap.org/blog/uniswap-v3/

Outline

0. Intro1. Uniswap & AMM recap2. Ticks 3. Concentrated liquidity4. Range orders: reversible limit orders5. Impacts of v36. Conclusion

0. Intro

The announcement of Uniswap v3 is no doubt one of the most exciting news in the DeFi place recently 🔥🔥🔥

While most have talked about the impact v3 can potentially bring on the market, seldom explain the delicate implementation techniques to realize all those amazing features, such as concentrated liquidity, limit-order-like range orders, etc.

Since I’ve covered Uniswap v1 & v2 (if you happen to know Mandarin, here are v1 & v2), there’s no reason for me to not cover v3 as well ✅

Thus, this article aims to guide readers through Uniswap v3, based on their official whitepaper and examples made on the announcement page. However, one needs not to be an engineer, as not many codes are involved, nor a math major, as the math involved is definitely taught in your high school, to fully understand the following content 😊😊😊

If you really make it through but still don’t get shxt, feedbacks are welcomed! 🙏

There should be another article focusing on the codebase, so stay tuned and let’s get started with some background noise!

1. Uniswap & AMM recap

Before diving in, we have to first recap the uniqueness of Uniswap and compare it to traditional order book exchanges.

Uniswap v1 & v2 are a kind of AMMs (automated market marker) that follow the constant product equation x * y = k, with x & y stand for the amount of two tokens X and Y in a pool and k as a constant.

Comparing to order book exchanges, AMMs, such as the previous versions of Uniswap, offer quite a distinct user experience:

AMMs have pricing functions that offer the price for the two tokens, which make their users always price takers, while users of order book exchanges can be both makers or takers.

Uniswap as well as most AMMs have infinite liquidity¹, while order book exchanges don’t. The liquidity of Uniswap v1 & v2 is provided throughout the price range [0,∞]².

Uniswap as well as most AMMs have price slippage³ and it’s due to the pricing function, while there isn’t always price slippage on order book exchanges as long as an order is fulfilled within one tick.

In an order book, each price (whether in green or red) is a tick. Image source: https://ftx.com/trade/BTC-PERP

¹ though the price gets worse over time; AMM of constant sum such as mStable does not have infinite liquidity

² the range is in fact [-∞,∞], while a price in most cases won’t be negative

³ AMM of constant sum does not have price slippage

2. Tick

The whole innovation of Uniswap v3 starts from ticks.

For those unfamiliar with what is a tick:

Source: https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/tick.asp

By slicing the price range [0,∞] into numerous granular ticks, trading on v3 is highly similar to trading on order book exchanges, with only three differences:

The price range of each tick is predefined by the system instead of being proposed by users.

Trades that happen within a tick still follows the pricing function of the AMM, while the equation has to be updated once the price crosses the tick.

Orders can be executed with any price within the price range, instead of being fulfilled at the same one price on order book exchanges.

With the tick design, Uniswap v3 possesses most of the merits of both AMM and an order book exchange! 💯💯💯

So, how is the price range of a tick decided?

This question is actually somewhat related to the tick explanation above: the minimum tick size for stocks trading above 1$ is one cent.

The underlying meaning of a tick size traditionally being one cent is that one cent (1% of 1$) is the basis point of price changes between ticks, ex: 1.02 — 1.01 = 0.1.

Uniswap v3 employs a similar idea: compared to the previous/next price, the price change should always be 0.01% = 1 basis point.

However, notice the difference is that in the traditional basis point, the price change is defined with subtraction, while here in Uniswap it’s division.

This is how price ranges of ticks are decided⁴:

Image source: https://uniswap.org/whitepaper-v3.pdf

With the above equation, the tick/price range can be recorded in the index form [i, i+1], instead of some crazy numbers such as 1.0001¹⁰⁰ = 1.0100496621.

As each price is the multiplication of 1.0001 of the previous price, the price change is always 1.0001 — 1 = 0.0001 = 0.01%.

For example, when i=1, p(1) = 1.0001; when i=2, p(2) = 1.00020001.

p(2) / p(1) = 1.00020001 / 1.0001 = 1.0001

See the connection between the traditional basis point 1 cent (=1% of 1$) and Uniswap v3’s basis point 0.01%?

Image source: https://tenor.com/view/coin-master-cool-gif-19748052

But sir, are prices really granular enough? There are many shitcoins with prices less than 0.000001$. Will such prices be covered as well?

Price range: max & min

To know if an extremely small price is covered or not, we have to figure out the max & min price range of v3 by looking into the spec: there is a int24 tick state variable in UniswapV3Pool.sol.

Image source: https://uniswap.org/whitepaper-v3.pdf

The reason for a signed integer int instead of an uint is that negative power represents prices less than 1 but greater than 0.

24 bits can cover the range between 1.0001 ^ (2²³ — 1) and 1.0001 ^ -(2)²³. Even Google cannot calculate such numbers, so allow me to offer smaller values to have a rough idea of the whole price range:

1.0001 ^ (2¹⁸) = 242,214,459,604.341

1.0001 ^ -(2¹⁷) = 0.000002031888943

I think it’s safe to say that with a int24 the range can cover > 99.99% of the prices of all assets in the universe 👌

⁴ For implementation concern, however, a square root is added to both sides of the equation.

How about finding out which tick does a price belong to?

Tick index from price

The answer to this question is rather easy, as we know that p(i) = 1.0001^i, simply takes a log with base 1.0001 on both sides of the equation⁴:

Image source: https://www.codecogs.com/latex/eqneditor.php

Let’s try this out, say we wanna find out the tick index of 1000000.

Image source: https://ncalculators.com/number-conversion/log-logarithm-calculator.htm

Now, 1.0001¹³⁸¹⁶² = 999,998.678087146. Voila!

⁵ This formula is also slightly modified to fit the real implementation usage.

3. Concentrated liquidity

Now that we know how ticks and price ranges are decided, let’s talk about how orders are executed in a tick, what is concentrated liquidity and how it enables v3 to compete with stablecoin-specialized DEXs (decentralized exchange), such as Curve, by improving the capital efficiency.

Concentrated liquidity means LPs (liquidity providers) can provide liquidity to any price range/tick at their wish, which causes the liquidity to be imbalanced in ticks.

As each tick has a different liquidity depth, the corresponding pricing function x * y = k also won’t be the same!

Each tick has its own liquidity depth. Image source: https://uniswap.org/blog/uniswap-v3/

Mmm… examples are always helpful for abstract descriptions 😂

Say the original pricing function is 100(x) * 1000(y) = 100000(k), with the price of X token 1000 / 100 = 10 and we’re now in the price range [9.08, 11.08].

If the liquidity of the price range [11.08, 13.08] is the same as [9.08, 11.08], we don’t have to modify the pricing function if the price goes from 10 to 11.08, which is the boundary between two ticks.

The price of X is 1052.63 / 95 = 11.08 when the equation is 1052.63 * 95 = 100000.

However, if the liquidity of the price range [11.08, 13.08] is two times that of the current range [9.08, 11.08], balances of x and y should be doubled, which makes the equation become 2105.26 * 220 = 400000, which is (1052.63 * 2) * (110 * 2) = (100000 * 2 * 2).

We can observe the following two points from the above example:

Trades always follow the pricing function x * y = k, while once the price crosses the current price range/tick, the liquidity/equation has to be updated.

√(x * y) = √k = L is how we represent the liquidity, as I say the liquidity of x * y = 400000 is two times the liquidity of x * y = 100000, as √(400000 / 100000) = 2.

What’s more, compared to liquidity on v1 & v2 is always spread across [0,∞], liquidity on v3 can be concentrated within certain price ranges and thus results in higher capital efficiency from traders’ swapping fees!

Let’s say if I provide liquidity in the range [1200, 2800], the capital efficiency will then be 4.24x higher than v2 with the range [0,∞] 😮😮😮 There’s a capital efficiency comparison calculator, make sure to try it out!

Image source: https://uniswap.org/blog/uniswap-v3/

It’s worth noticing that the concept of concentrated liquidity was proposed and already implemented by Kyper, prior to Uniswap, which is called Automated Price Reserve in their case.⁵

⁶ Thanks to Yenwen Feng for the information.

4. Range orders: reversible limit orders

As explained in the above section, LPs of v3 can provide liquidity to any price range/tick at their wish. Depending on the current price and the targeted price range, there are three scenarios:

current price < the targeted price range

current price > the targeted price range

current price belongs to the targeted price range

The first two scenarios are called range orders. They have unique characteristics and are essentially fee-earning reversible limit orders, which will be explained later.

The last case is the exact same liquidity providing mechanism as the previous versions: LPs provide liquidity in both tokens of the same value (= amount * price).

There’s also an identical product to the case: grid trading, a very powerful investment tool for a time of consolidation. Dunno what’s grid trading? Check out Binance’s explanation on this, as this topic won’t be covered!

In fact, LPs of Uniswap v1 & v2 are grid trading with a range of [0,∞] and the entry price as the baseline.

Range orders

To understand range orders, we’d have to first revisit how price is discovered on Uniswap with the equation x * y = k, for x & y stand for the amount of two tokens X and Y and k as a constant.

The price of X compared to Y is y / x, which means how many Y one can get for 1 unit of X, and vice versa the price of Y compared to X is x / y.

For the price of X to go up, y has to increase and x decrease.

With this pricing mechanism in mind, it’s example time!

Say an LP plans to place liquidity in the price range [15.625, 17.313], higher than the current price of X 10, when 100(x) * 1000(y) = 100000(k).

The price of X is 1250 / 80 = 15.625 when the equation is 80 * 1250 = 100000.

The price of X is 1315.789 / 76 = 17.313 when the equation is 76 * 1315.789 = 100000.

If now the price of X reaches 15.625, the only way for the price of X to go even higher is to further increase y and decrease x, which means exchanging a certain amount of X for Y.

Thus, to provide liquidity in the range [15.625, 17.313], an LP needs only to prepare 80 — 76 = 4 of X. If the price exceeds 17.313, all 4 X of the LP is swapped into 1315.789 — 1250 = 65.798 Y, and then the LP has nothing more to do with the pool, as his/her liquidity is drained.

What if the price stays in the range? It’s exactly what LPs would love to see, as they can earn swapping fees for all transactions in the range! Also, the balance of X will swing between [76, 80] and the balance of Y between [1250, 1315.789].

This might not be obvious, but the example above shows an interesting insight: if the liquidity of one token is provided, only when the token becomes more valuable will it be exchanged for the less valuable one.

…wut? 🤔

Remember that if 4 X is provided within [15.625, 17.313], only when the price of X goes up from 15.625 to 17.313 is 4 X gradually swapped into Y, the less valuable one!

What if the price of X drops back immediately after reaching 17.313? As X becomes less valuable, others are going to exchange Y for X.

The below image illustrates the scenario of DAI/USDC pair with a price range of [1.001, 1.002] well: the pool is always composed entirely of one token on both sides of the tick, while in the middle 1.001499⁶ is of both tokens.

Image source: https://uniswap.org/blog/uniswap-v3/

Similarly, to provide liquidity in a price range < current price, an LP has to prepare a certain amount of Y for others to exchange Y for X within the range.

To wrap up such an interesting feature, we know that:

Only one token is required for range orders.

Only when the current price is within the range of the range order can LP earn trading fees. This is the main reason why most people believe LPs of v3 have to monitor the price more actively to maximize their income, which also means that LPs of v3 have become arbitrageurs 🤯

I will be discussing more the impacts of v3 in 5. Impacts of v3.

⁷ 1.001499988 = √(1.0001 * 1.0002) is the geometric mean of 1.0001 and 1.0002. The implication is that the geometric mean of two prices is the average execution price within the range of the two prices.

Reversible limit orders

As the example in the last section demonstrates, if there is 4 X in range [15.625, 17.313], the 4 X will be completely converted into 65.798 Y when the price goes over 17.313.

We all know that a price can stay in a wide range such as [10, 11] for quite some time, while it’s unlikely so in a narrow range such as [15.625, 15.626].

Thus, if an LP provides liquidity in [15.625, 15.626], we can expect that once the price of X goes over 15.625 and immediately also 15.626, and does not drop back, all X are then forever converted into Y.

The concept of having a targeted price and the order will be executed after the price is crossed is exactly the concept of limit orders! The only difference is that if the range of a range order is not narrow enough, it’s highly possible that the conversion of tokens will be reverted once the price falls back to the range.

As price ranges follow the equation p(i) = 1.0001 ^ i, the range can be quite narrow and a range order can thus effectively serve as a limit order:

When i = 27490, 1.0001²⁷⁴⁹⁰ = 15.6248.⁸

When i = 27491, 1.0001²⁷⁴⁹¹ = 15.6264.⁸

A range of 0.0016 is not THAT narrow but can certainly satisfy most limit order use cases!

⁸ As mentioned previously in note #4, there is a square root in the equation of the price and index, thus the numbers here are for explantion only.

5. Impacts of v3

Higher capital efficiency, LPs become arbitrageurs… as v3 has made tons of radical changes, I’d like to summarize my personal takes of the impacts of v3:

Higher capital efficiency makes one of the most frequently considered indices in DeFi: TVL, total value locked, becomes less meaningful, as 1$ on Uniswap v3 might have the same effect as 100$ or even 2000$ on v2.

The ease of spot exchanging between spot exchanges used to be a huge advantage of spot markets over derivative markets. As LPs will take up the role of arbitrageurs and arbitraging is more likely to happen on v3 itself other than between DEXs, this gap is narrowed … to what extent? No idea though.

LP strategies and the aggregation of NFT of Uniswap v3 liquidity token are becoming the blue ocean for new DeFi startups: see Visor and Lixir. In fact, this might be the turning point for both DeFi and NFT: the two main reasons of blockchain going mainstream now come to the alignment of interest: solving the $$ problem 😏😏😏

In the right venue, which means a place where transaction fees are low enough, such as Optimism, we might see Algo trading firms coming in to share the market of designing LP strategies on Uniswap v3, as I believe Algo trading is way stronger than on-chain strategies or DAO voting to add liquidity that sort of thing.

After reading this article by Parsec.finance: The Dex to Rule Them All, I cannot help but wonder: maybe there is going to be centralized crypto exchanges adopting v3’s approach. The reason is that since orders of LPs in the same tick are executed pro-rata, the endless front-running speeding-competition issue in the Algo trading world, to some degree, is… solved? 🤔

Anyway, personal opinions can be biased and seriously wrong 🙈 I’m merely throwing out a sprat to catch a whale. Having a different voice? Leave your comment down below!

6. Conclusion

That was kinda tough, isn’t it? Glad you make it through here 🥂🥂🥂

There are actually many more details and also a huge section of Oracle yet to be covered. However, since this article is more about features and targeting normal DeFi users, I’ll leave those to the next one; hope there is one 😅

If you have any doubt or find any mistake, please feel free to reach out to me and I’d try to reply AFAP!

Stay tuned and in the meantime let’s wait and see how Uniswap v3 is again pioneering the innovation of DeFi 🌟

Uniswap v3 Features Explained in Depth was originally published in Taipei Ethereum Meetup on Medium, where people are continuing the conversation by highlighting and responding to this story.

👏 歡迎轉載分享鼓掌

小 影 BabyShadow ™ | TRAVEL VLOG

▸ LOVE MORE ♥

| Facebook | http://bit.ly/babyswfb
| Instagram | http://bit.ly/babyswig
| Foodie IG | NANODIARY
| Illustration IG | SUYBSW
| Blog | http://bit.ly/babyswblog
| Sina Weibo | http://www.weibo.com/sugusbe

+Email: BabyShadoww@gmail.com

一連4集的東京之旅已經完滿結束啦！
其實今次的行程都很即興，行到邊就食到邊❤️
難得地小影完成了一輯的旅行片
剪輯到最後一集，難免有些不捨得，好似追劇追到最後一集有些小空虛?
希望大家都會喜歡我的旅行片，一直支持愛護小影啦?
我們下星期5見!

最近本人沉迷抖音：
FOLLOW TIKTOK▸ Babyxshadow
IG Story ▸ Babyxshadow




詳細行程地點:
店家資訊：
KADOYA HOTEL 角屋飯店
電話：03-3346-2561
地址：東京都新宿区西新宿1-23-1
官網：http://www.kadoya-hotel.co.jp


東京鐵塔
150公尺高Main Deck
搭乘電車前往:搭乘都營大江戶線，於赤羽橋站下車，從赤羽橋口步行5分鐘
※大瞭望台(150公尺)
9:00～23:00(22:30起截止入場) (全年無休)
聯絡電話:03-3433-5111
網站 URL:https://www.tokyotower.co.jp/
※因改裝工程而暫時停止營業的特別瞭望台（250m）,
將從2018年3月3日（六）起改名為「Top Deck」,
並且推出全新的娛樂設施「Top Deck Tour」隆重登場。


一蘭拉麵　新宿中央東口店
地址：東京都新宿區新宿 3-34-11
TEL:03-3225-5518 (+81-3-3225-5518)
24小時営業



一蘭拉麵 新宿歌舞伎町店
地址：東京都 新宿区 歌舞伎町 1-17-10 歌舞伎町CR.B&Vビル B1F
TEL:03-6233-7667 (+81-3-6233-7667)
10:00～翌6:00
http://www.ichiran.co.jp/


CHOUXCREAM CHOUXCRI
新宿小田急Ace店
地址 東京都新宿區西新宿1丁目西口地下街1號小田急Ace店B1F[地圖]
營業時間 平日10:00-22:00、六・日・例假日10:00-21:00
電話 03-3345-6410



另一家好吃的泡芙
choux d’enfer PARIS
JR新宿車站新南口方向車站內
http://choux-d-enfer-paris.jp



星乃珈琲店
主打厚鬆餅
地址：東京都 新宿区 西新宿 1-3-14 新宿プラザビル 1F
7:00～22:00

驚安の殿堂退稅和折扣券 (優惠券有效期至 2018 年 6 月 30 日)
之前已向讀者介紹過驚安の殿堂的折扣券，還未下載趕快去店前一定要入載，最高可慳 2,000 日圓，全日本驚安の殿堂的店都可以使用。現在用以下最新的驚安の殿堂折扣券，買滿指定金額，更有精美禮品送。折扣券需要列印出來使用，因為店員需要掃描 barcode 才有折扣。

▼ 按以下連結下載並列印這張優惠券。
http://links.runhotel.hk/pdf/唐吉訶德優惠券.pdf

購物滿 5,000 日圓：可免稅 8% 再減 200 日圓 (即最高 88 折 )
購物滿 10,000 日圓：可免稅 8% 再減 500 日圓 (即最高 87 折 )
購物滿 30,000 日圓：可免稅 8% 再減 2,000 日圓 (即最高 86 折)

付款時把整張優惠券交給店員，他們就會使用優惠券和幫你退稅，建議大家列印多幾張折扣券給同行朋友用都可以。用最新呢張買滿 5,000 日圓，仲有精美禮品送添。


旅遊影片/
Hello Tokyo!
EP1／東京原來有這些地方？ https://youtu.be/G3LTr6Enpn0
EP2／新宿6個必去的食玩買盡推介 https://youtu.be/EakIsrqavkY
EP3／原宿竹下通行程6大推介 https://youtu.be/5tC9QSR82Zw
EP4 / 東京鐵塔!人氣星乃咖啡店食評 https://youtu.be/ZdjpS3c9xoM

▸ 沖繩旅行帶什麼: https://youtu.be/8h7wTCi7t_M
▸ Hello Seoul! 韓國の旅2016 : https://youtu.be/xEagsy4poqE
▸ Hello Jeju! 韓國濟州の旅 (1) :https://youtu.be/TnK_s8vklRM


♡ ♡ ♡
＋鳴謝RONALD子幫手打字幕

▸ BGM
好きな人がいることJY『好きな人がいること』
Happy -MBB
ikson Bloom
Joakim Karud Good old days
Goblin OST - Crush - Beautiful Days
ikon - Love scenario

▸ FAQ
Camera: Canon 700D, Canong7xII
Skin Type: Relatively dry and sensitive
Software for editing video: Final Cut Pro and After Effect

♥ The video was directed, filmed and created by BabyShadow♡