【阿賢的碎碎念】~ 流感 VS 快篩
先問大家一個是非題:
( ) 得了流感,快篩一定檢驗得出來。
相信大家經過大小考試的歷練,都知道這個答案是『錯』。因為世界上沒什麼一定的事情。所以出現這個關鍵字,不管懂不懂在問什麼,反正先打叉就OK。
今天就來談談流感快篩 (RIDTs) 這個檢驗。
§ 靈敏度 (sensitivity) & 特異性 (specificity)
根據美國疾管署 (CDC) 的資料,市面上的流感快篩檢驗方式,其靈敏度和特異性分別為:
靈敏度:50-70%
特異性:90-95%
資料來源:https://goo.gl/SJdMxj
好,先不要罵我,我知道有人要叫我講人話了...
把這個統計學的名詞,白話一點來說呢,其實就是去做流感快篩,
真的有流感的,也被驗出是流感,約有50-70% (靈敏度)
沒得流感的,驗起來也是沒有,約有90-95% (特異性)
再來,有人會說靈敏度怎麼那麼低?只比投硬幣準一些?丫那是美國的資料呀,有沒有台灣本土的資料可以看?
台灣的疾管署,在2014年發表過一篇研究新上市的流感快篩試劑 (Sofia FIA) 效能評估,其結果如下:
靈敏度:A流 (68.2%);B流 (45.5%)
資料來源:https://www.cdc.gov.tw/downloadfile.aspx…
同樣是疾管署,在2016年,針對另一款 (Alere i Influenza A & B),則有以下結果:
A型流感病毒陽性檢體,整體檢測率為43.8%;
B型流感病毒陽性檢體,整體檢測率為38.5%。
資料來源:https://www.cdc.gov.tw/downloadfile.aspx…
§ 臨床面臨的問題
可能有人看到前面就關網頁了,丫今天是在講什麼?重點是什麼?
重點就是:快篩並沒有想像中那麼準,所以不是驗起來沒有,就一定不是流感!
然而,很多機關團體,在員工或學生,來診所就醫時,如果醫師評估為類流感症狀,就一定要求快篩,這樣的想法,在防疫上如果你不清楚快篩的特性,就可能忽略了可能沒驗出來的流感個案。
所以常常要另外交待,雖然驗出來沒有流感,但你還是有可能是流感 (病人內心OS:那你還驗個X...),回去還是要注意家人、同事、同學間可能的互相傳染,造成疫情擴散。
※ 結論
快篩不是萬能,即便驗起來是陰性,也不能掉以輕心。
與其在那兒擔心快篩準不準,不如去打疫苗,提高對流感的免疫力。(但也不是打了就不會中流感...XD)
下個月就要開始流感疫苗接種了,請公費接種民眾,記得去接種;而在流感的高峰期,任何類流感症狀個案,都應先視為流感,戴好口罩、多洗手,保護會和自己接觸的人員,來預防進一步的疫情擴大。
疑似流感 (類流感) 的患者,即便是快篩陰性,如出現呼吸困難、呼吸急促、發紺(缺氧)、血痰或痰液變濃、胸痛、意識改變或低血壓等危險徵兆時,應提高警覺,儘速轉診至大醫院就醫。
至於,一定有人會問到,到底要不要吃克流感,那又是另一個故事了,大家有興趣,我們再來聊聊囉。
對了,上面提到,打完流感疫苗,並不是所有種類的流感都防得住,大家應該有這個概念吧?(如果沒有,麻煩說一聲,我會再另外說明這一塊)
#流感 #快篩 #Flu #RIDTs
influenza a vs b 在 Racheal Kwacz - Child & Family Development Specialist Facebook 八卦
We had our flu shots this week as Ella Grace prepares to go back to school and start a new term! ❤️🎉
As a family that travels a lot and with Ella Grace and mama’s asthma, we feel it’s important as a family to be protected and that includes popo and nounou too!
I’ve attached some quick facts on influenza in English, Malay, and Chinese (swipe to read and share) but some additional notes I would add are:
* The vaccine does not completely prevent the risk of influenza as there are many strains but does significantly reduce it.
* It takes at least 2 weeks for the vaccine to be fully effective so take it as soon as possible. We usually take it in October when the new composition comes out but for some reason or another, we totally procrastinated this year.
* It’s important to take a yearly flu shot as the makers collate the 4 most popular strains of the previous year for influenza A and B.
* Pregnant mamas are also encouraged to take it as it not only protects them but their baby will also be covered for the first few months of life.
* As soon as your little or you start showing signs and symptoms of influenza (severe lethargy, high fevers, aches and pains, general malaise), start on antivirals (tamiflu) ASAP as the quicker you can get it in your system, the more effective it will be.
* For little ones, if your pharmacy is able to do so, opt for crushing the pills vs the liquid form as I find the nausea to be significantly less. Also taking anti-nausea meds 30-45mins before administering each Tamiflu dosage will keep your child more comfortable.
* Influenza A & B is brutal on both adults and little ones. They feel awful and honestly, your heart breaks a lot. I’ve attached some info on emergency warning signs as complications can make it fatal.
* DO NOT take ibuprofen (neurofen/voltaren) for fevers unless you’ve consulted an up-to-date knowledgeable pediatrician as cases have shown it to make the infection worst. As much as possible, try to treat fevers with paracetamol.
*Prevention is cure so flu shots and good hand washing practices are still the best. ❤️
****
As for how we prepared Ella Grace for her flu shots using the PLEASE tool:
PREP
Talk about the flu vaccination - what it does and why and whatever else they might want to know about it. Be honest and talk to her about what to expect. Don’t lie that it won’t hurt (our amazing Dr Rakhee also changes the needle to a much smaller one so it was significantly less painful!), we also talked about previous experiences w her pediatricians and she was also very delighted that our whole kampung was going with her to get our shots together. We had this conversation a few times leading up to it so it wasn’t a surprise and in fact she was skipping to the hospital.
Physically also make sure it’s a good day to get it done - eat, sleep, not under or overstimulated, that is half the battle sorted! If the wait is long, bring along a few activities or even better, use that time to connect and play together.
LISTEN
Ask if she has any concerns or fears or anything she’s confused about. We switched the location on her (we were meant to see Dr Rakhee in her other office in Baby Beyond Publika but did it at Ara Damansara Medical instead)
EMPATHIZE & ACKNOWLEDGE
As Ella Grace sat down at the chair, she started getting nervous that it would hurt so I held her in my lap and genuinely empathized that she was feeling scared and unsure, that she didn’t want it to hurt, that she didn’t want the jab anymore.
It’s also so important for you to remain calm and confident. Take breaths together. Even if I don’t say anything, she knows when I am scared, tense or nervous but if I am present and calm, it helps her to feel secure and calm too.
SIT
Empathize and acknowledge “You’re worried it will hurt” and then stop there. Don’t dismiss it, invalidate it, by saying “but it’s nothing, it won’t hurt, etc”. Allow and trust your child to experience her feelings so she is able to fully move through it and it will help so much in the long run esp for future dr visits because she’s processed it fully in a safe space.
Sitting with your child while they express their feelings through tears, words, tantrums, in whatever way they need to is so important. It’s holding space and boundaries for them with love.
It says in so many ways, you are safe. I got you. I see you. I love you. I am with you.
EMPOWER
Only when your little feels safe and loved can they use their thinking, logical, rational brain which helps them take ownership and find solutions. Remember also that it’s whatever makes sense to them to give them a sense of control in the things that they cannot control that is pivotal here.
For Ella Grace, it was a silly unicorn headband to help her feel brave that she then insisted would help everyone else too. 😂❤️
A sense of control was also allowing her to pick her bandaid (Frozen Anna & Elsa of course), the order of who would go first (she opted youngest to oldest) as well as “helping” Dr Rakhee and letting her watch the procedure.
You got this, mama! Let’s keep our babies and families protected! 💪
***
We went to our favorite pediatric vaccine specialist Dr Rakhee (she practices in Baby & Beyond Child Specialist Clinic Publika and Ara Damansara Medical Centre) she’s the best and most knowledgeable on vaccine schedules for travel as well as developmental but you can also go to your favorite family doctor or pediatrician etc. Just call before to make sure they have stock esp if you’re bringing your whole kampung at once too!
The side-effects vary according to individual but ours ranged across from body aches to lethargy, headaches etc for the first 48 hours which is a walk in the park compared to full blown influenza.
I also feel it’s super important to note that with influenza season coming to its peak, please remember to take all preventative steps at the clinics and hospitals when you visit as it’s a Petri dish! 😅❌😷
Hope this helps in getting the info out to your loved ones.
influenza a vs b 在 Influenza A and Influenza B: Symptoms and Severity - YouTube 的八卦
In this video “ Influenza A and Influenza B : Symptoms and Severity” you will learn to:▻Specify the type of infection caused by influenza and ... ... <看更多>