distinct group by的八卦，Yahoo名人娛樂都在討論

Racial harmony did not happen spontaneously in Singapore. It took hard work, sacrifice and wisdom.

Our founding fathers made multi-racial equality and harmony a fundamental principle of nation building. They did not suppress the distinct identities of each group, but instead acknowledged and accommodated them.

Over time, the different ethnic groups reached a balance through mutual compromise, and give and take. No group got everything it wanted. Each gave up a little in order for all to live harmoniously side by side.

As a result, Singapore is one of the few countries in the world where people of different races and faiths live peacefully together, and have done so now for more than half a century.

It is a rare and precious achievement, but also a delicate balance, because a harmonious, multiracial country is not a natural or stable state of affairs.

#ndrsg

(Photo: National Heritage Board)

最近，我在「TIME時代」雜志的專欄文章裡，向全球的讀者介紹了大陸「世界工廠」的+AI自動化升級。隨著勞動力成本的上漲，工業自動化、智慧化勢必是大陸製造業的一劑特效藥。自動化能讓運營成本下降，但仍能讓中國大陸保持生產品質、流程、供應鏈維度的優勢。AI賦能產業升級的願景或許還需多年才能實現，但當下的大陸已經讓未來可期。

以下是專欄文章全文，經TIME授權翻譯轉載：

「中國世界工廠 + AI 的未來」

多年來，中國大陸一直被喻為「世界工廠」，即便在全球其他經濟體紛紛遭遇新冠疫情重擊的2020年，大陸製造產業仍然維持穩健的增長范式，全年產值高達3.854萬億美元，占到全球市場近三分之一。

但如果你腦中的大陸工廠是傳統的「血汗工廠」，是時候修正你的刻板印象了。大陸經濟已經迅速地從疫情衝擊下復蘇，疫情同時催化了各種各樣人工智慧（AI）的應用場景加速實現。自2014年以來，中國大陸的AI專利申請量已經超越美國，至今維持全球領先。在學術領域，中國大陸的AI研究論文發表數量、AI期刊的引用量，也雙雙在近年超過了美國。在產業方面，AI應用在大陸的落地速度超越世界其他國家和地區，具有商業價值的AI應用如今開始百花齊放，整合了軟體、硬體和機器人技術的新一代自動化揭開序曲，AI賦能傳統行業的能量，正在蓄勢待發地重塑各行各業。

人類社會至今經歷了三次不同的工業革命：蒸汽革命、電力革命和資訊革命。我相信，AI將會是推動全球第四次工業革命的核心引擎，在世界各地點燃數位化和自動化的變革，而這波前所未有的硬科技浪潮，將由中國來引領實踐。

由於勞動人口減少和新增人口放緩，中國大陸的傳統產業正面臨著勞動力成本上升的巨大壓力，AI正是解決這個難題的技術解答。人工智慧不僅能夠降低運營成本，提高生產效率，擴大整體產能，還有望能帶來收入的增長。

例如，創新工場投資的廣州極飛科技是一家致力於未來農業的AI科技公司，極飛將無人機、機器人和感測器部署在稻田、麥田和棉花田裡，用技術賦能農業中的播種、農藥噴灑、栽種管理、甚至天氣監測環節。用於作物噴灑的極飛科技R150農業無人車已經被推廣到了英國，應用在蘋果、草莓、黑莓等多種經濟作物的種植流程中。

一些大陸的創新公司正積極把機器人拓展到意想不到的場景。總部位於北京的鎂伽是創新工場投資的生命科學智慧自動化公司，他們和實驗室、製藥公司、高校合作，憑藉AI+機器人技術的積累，用自動化解決方案執行實驗室中勞動密集、重複性高、但需要高度精確的任務和流程，同時機器人作業也將盡最大可能保護實驗室人員降低實驗過程中的感染風險。

除了創業公司，我們看到幾家成熟的龍頭企業也開始積極擁抱AI。創新工場參與了有28年歷史的中力電動叉車，這家頭部的鋰電叉車製造商已經推出了能夠在工廠、倉庫自主運行的無人叉車，並且無需對運行環境進行改造，能快速實現從手動到電動到自動駕駛的搬運賦能創新。此外，擁有50多年歷史的領先客車製造商-宇通集團，與自動駕駛獨角獸企業-文遠知行戰略合作，已在大陸三個城市的馬路上運行全無人駕駛小巴。

接著會發生什麼？我大膽預見，在更長遠的未來，機器人和AI將接管大多數產品的製造、設計、交付甚至營銷——很可能將生產成本降低到和原物料成本相差無幾。未來的機器人有能力自我複製和自我修復，甚至做到部分自我反覆運算設計。房屋和公寓將交由AI主導設計，使用預製建築模塊，交由機器人像搭積木似地築樓蓋房。無人公交、無人摩托等隨傳隨到的自動化未來交通系統，能將我們安全無虞地送達想去的地方。

這些願景成為現實或許還需要多年，但此時的大陸正在積極鋪墊引領新一代自動化革命的基石。可期的是，中國工廠的實力將不僅僅體現在產能上，而將逐步彰顯在智慧上。

本文經「TIME時代」授權進行中文編譯，原文如下：

China Is Still the World's Factory — And It's Designing the Future With AI

BY KAI-FU LEE

For many years now, China has been the world’s factory. Even in 2020, as other economies struggled with the effects of the pandemic, China’s manufacturing output was $3.854 trillion, up from the previous year, accounting for nearly a third of the global market.

But if you are still thinking of China’s factories as sweatshops, it’s probably time to change your perception. The Chinese economic recovery from its short-lived pandemic blip has been boosted by its world-beating adoption of artificial intelligence (AI). After overtaking the U.S. in 2014, China now has a significant lead over the rest of the world in AI patent applications. In academia, China recently surpassed the U.S. in the number of both AI research publications and journal citations. Commercial applications are flourishing: a new wave of automation and AI infusion is crashing across a swath of sectors, combining software, hardware and robotics.

As a society, we have experienced three distinct industrial revolutions: steam power, electricity and information technology. I believe AI is the engine fueling the fourth industrial revolution globally, digitizing and automating everywhere. China is at the forefront in manifesting this unprecedented change.

Chinese traditional industries are confronting rising labor costs thanks to a declining working population and slowing population growth. The answer is AI, which reduces operational costs, enhances efficiency and productivity, and generates revenue growth.

For example, Guangzhou-based agricultural-technology company XAG, a Sinovation Ventures portfolio company, is sending drones, robots and sensors to rice, wheat and cotton fields, automating seeding, pesticide spraying, crop development and weather monitoring. XAG’s R150 autonomous vehicle, which sprays crops, has recently been deployed in the U.K. to be used on apples, strawberries and blackberries.

Some companies are rolling out robots in new and unexpected sectors. MegaRobo, a Beijing-based life-science automation company also backed by Sinovation Ventures, designs AI and robots to safely perform repetitive and precise laboratory work in universities, pharmaceutical companies and more, reducing to zero the infection risk to lab workers.

It’s not just startups; established market leaders are also leaning into AI. EP Equipment, a manufacturer of lithium-powered warehouse forklifts founded in Hangzhou 28 years ago, has with Sinovation Ventures’ backing launched autonomous models that are able to maneuver themselves in factories and on warehouse floors. Additionally Yutong Group, a leading bus manufacturer with over 50 years’ history, already has a driverless Mini Robobus on the streets of three cities in partnership with autonomous vehicle unicorn WeRide.

Where is all this headed? I can foresee a time when robots and AI will take over the manufacturing, design, delivery and even marketing of most goods—potentially reducing costs to a small increment over the cost of materials. Robots will become self-replicating, self-repairing and even partially self-designing. Houses and apartment buildings will be designed by AI and use prefabricated modules that robots put together like toy blocks. And just-in-time autonomous public transportation, from robo-buses to robo-scooters, will take us anywhere we want to go.

It will be years before these visions of the future enter the mainstream. But China is laying the groundwork right now, setting itself up to be a leader not only in how much it manufactures, but also in how intelligently it does it.

Source：https://time.com/6084158/china-ai-factory-future/

MASA DEPAN TN50 DI TANGAN ANAK MUDA.

Sejak kebelakangan ini dan untuk minggu-minggu mendatang, dada akhbar dan media sosial bakal didominasi oleh cerita pilihan raya. Parti-parti politik kini berusaha keras dalam usaha untuk memenangi hati dan minda pengundi sebelum mereka memilih siapa yang mampu memberikan mereka kehidupan terbaik untuk hari ini. Inilah lumrah politik dan demokrasi - pilihan raya akan datang ini akan menentukan masa depan Malaysia untuk lima tahun akan datang.

Namun sebagai seorang bapa, perkara yang lebih penting bagi saya adalah masa depan yang akan diwariskan kepada anak-anak saya nanti. Amat mudah untuk kita hanyut dalam memikirkan isu dan keadaan hari ini namun sebagai manusia, naluri semula jadi sentiasa menginginkan anak dan cucu kita mempunyai kehidupan yang lebih baik daripada kehidupan kita hari ini. Inilah yang mendorong dan membakar semangat saya sepanjang perjalanan Transformasi Nasional 2050 (TN50) tahun lepas.

Secara jujurnya, semasa YAB Perdana Menteri memberi mandat memulakan TN50 dengan segmen belia, saya tidak pasti apa yang akan berlaku. Ramai yang cukup skeptik - ada yang mengatakan Generasi Y ini terlalu bersifat individualistik serta sibuk "selfie" maka tidak akan ambil peduli tentang masa depan masyarakat. Ada juga yang persoalkan mengapa kita melihat jauh 30 tahun ke hadapan - begitu jauh, tatkala masih ada cabaran pada hari ini yang masih perlu didepani.

Namun selepas setahun perjalanan TN50 ini, sebuah eksperimen wacana baharu yang bermula di Universiti Malaya kini menjadi gerakan massa belia Malaysia - daripada Belia, untuk Belia. Hampir dua juta rakyat didekati melalui pelbagai platform dengan lebih 60,000 aspirasi unik diterima melalui dialog, perbincangan kecil dan kumpulan fokus serta media sosial. Persoalan yang dilontarkan cukup mudah - apakah aspirasi anda untuk Malaysia di tahun 2050? Dan satu demi satu aspirasi disuarakan yang akhirnya membina sebuah Kanvas Belia sebagai dokumen impian anak muda untuk TN50.

Namun angka-angka ini sahaja tidak memadai untuk menggambarkan semangat yang ditunjukkan oleh belia untuk membina masa depan negara. Ketika saya menjelajah ke seluruh pelosok tanah air untuk dialog TN50, saya melihat bagaimana anak-anak muda Malaysia cukup bersemangat untuk berdebat dan melontarkan aspirasi-aspirasi yang cukup berkualiti. Ribuan daripada mereka menzahirkan cita-cita 2050 mereka - baik daripada aspek pendidikan berkualiti kepada identiti kebangsaan dan pembangunan yang saksama - baik di bandar mahupun di luar bandar. Mereka yang hadir ke sesi-sesi perbincangan kecil juga berdebat dengan fakta secara berhemah - mencerminkan rakyat muda Malaysia yang beraspirasi untuk menjadi masyarakat dengan mentaliti kelas pertama. Melalui media sosial, ramai daripada mereka yang memberi sumbangan idea dan aspirasi untuk masa depan kita semua - tanpa menghiraukan budaya negatif dan "bashing" yang mendominasi garis masa kita kebelakangan ini.

Namun mereka bukan hanya berbual kosong sahaja. Saya juga berkesempatan berjumpa dengan Ganesh Muren dan Nadhirah Rifai yang menggunakan masa muda mereka untuk membantu anak muda di luar bandar mempunyai akses kepada teknologi dan persekitaran yang lebih baik. Firdaus Ali yang baru berusia 17 tahun dan masih belajar, datang jauh dari jauh untuk memastikan generasi belia dipelihara - beliau cukup bersungguh-sunguh ingin memastikan TN50 mengambil kira kemahiran insaniah dan digital yang terkini demi menjamin pekerjaan di masa hadapan. June Yap, Faisal Ariff dan Dzameer Dzulkifli kini menjadi perintis kepada industri penjagaan awal kanak-kanak, sistem imigresen baru dan pendidikan.

Ini hanyalah beberapa contoh anak muda Malaysia yang memilih untuk melakukan sesuatu yang positif untuk Malaysia - banyak lagi anak muda dengan semangat sebegini yang saya temui semasa proses TN50 ini. Mereke menidakkan persepsi masyarakat kepada belia Malaysia - persepsi di mana anak muda hanya pandai mengkritik dan mementingkan diri sendiri sahaja. Mereka membuktikan bahawa anak muda Malaysia bersedia melaksanakan perubahan yang mereka inginkan.

Itulah pengakhiran perjalanan TN50 saya secara peribadi - setahun yang penuh bermakna dan semuanya kerana semangat dan kesungguhan yang ditonjolkan oleh anak muda Malaysia, dalam menyatakan aspirasi mereka, yang saya lihat dan dengar sendiri. Setelah setahun, anak muda Malaysia akan menyerahkan aspirasi TN50 kolektif mereka malam ini sekaligus melambangkan permulaan sebuah perjalanan baharu yang cukup menarik untuk kita semua.

Masa depan sudah tiba, masa depan bermula hari ini dan ia milik semua anak muda Malaysia - mereka sudah bersedia untuk memimpin kita menempuh apa jua rintangan menuju ke tahun 2050. Dan melihatkan semangat dan kesungguhan anak muda kita kini, saya yakin, masa depan kita akan lebih baik dari hari ini - bahawa TN50 bukan hanya aspirasi tetapi bakal menjadi realiti.

Saya lahir sebagai generasi Wawasan 2020 - sebuah visi yang direka kerajaan dengan sasaran makroekonomi berpaksikan Malaysia berpendapatan tinggi - sama seperti ibu dan ayah saya yang membesar dalam era Dasar Ekonomi Baharu yang bertujuan untuk membina Malaysia yang lebih saksama.

Bermula esok, anak-anak saya akan mempunyai visi kolektif mereka sendiri. TN50 - sebuah visi nasional oleh anak muda yang membawa Malaysia ke hadapan sambil memastikan tiada siapa yang akan ketinggalan. Kesinambungan inilah yang telah membawa Malaysia melangkah jauh selama ini - apa jua yang melanda, Malaysia terus melangkah ke hadapan, mendepani apa jua cabaran. Dan Malaysia akan melangkah dan terus melangkah - dengan satu mata tertacap hari ini dan satu lagi tertacap nun jauh hadapan.

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THE TN50 JOURNEY: MALAYSIA'S FUTURE LIES IN OUR YOUTH

For the last few months and for weeks to come, the discourse in Malaysia will be dominated by the General Election. Political parties from all sides will make our last attempts to win the hearts and minds of the voters. Come D-Day, Malaysians will decide who they think can give them a better life today, and for the foreseeable future.

This is a moment which will shape Malaysia for the next five years and make or break politicians. Yet as a father to three young children, what is most important to me is the future we leave for them. It is easy to get lost in the here and now but surely the thing that should matter most is the innate human desire to want a life that is better for our children than the one we have right now. That drove me as I embarked on the TN50 journey last year.

When the Prime Minister first came up with the TN50 initiative and gave me the mandate to reach out to young Malaysians, I did not know what to expect. And scepticism was abound - some said that the millennial are too individualistic or self-centred to care about the fate of country. Gen Y’s who are too busy with selfies to see what was going on around them. Others pointed out that it would be too difficult to project ahead by three decades; why are we looking so far ahead when we are still debating on what we’re going to do today. What started in University Malaya as a thought experiment in crafting public policy has turned into a national movement of young Malaysians, by young Malaysians, and for young Malaysians.

In just a year, young Malaysians from all over the country came together to collectively aspire for the Malaysia that they want. Almost 2 million people engaged with more than 60,000 distinct aspirations collected through dialogues, online platform, small-group discussions and many more. These numbers go on and on.

But the sheer magnitude of these numbers does not do justice to young Malaysians. When I travelled the width and breadth of the country week in week out for TN50, and saw the quality and the passion of these debates that they had, I was truly inspired. Thousands of Malaysians spoke about what they want in 2050 Malaysia - from quality education to a stronger national identity to equitable development across the urban-rural divide. Those who attended the smaller discussions did their homework and debated contentious topics in depth, passionately yet in a civil manner befitting of the developed society we are poised to be. Through online platforms, young Malaysians contribute to various discussions on our future, overcoming the negative quick-to-judge, bullying and poisonous culture that our social media scene has been known for.

It was during this journey that I met young Malaysians who chose to do something positive for the country. I met Ganesh Muren and Nadhirah Rifai, who decided to spend their youth helping those in rural areas to have access to better infrastructure and a higher quality of life. I met Firdaus Ali, a 17-year-old student from Johor who travelled to KL in between his school terms to push for digital skills in schools so that his generation will be ready for jobs of the future. June Yap, Faisal Ariff and Dzameer Dzulkifli who are pioneering improvements in early childcare, immigration and education respectively.

These are just some examples of young Malaysians who are doing something positive for the country. They break the mould in how we tend to (unfairly) view young Malaysians; - they are not armchair critics or self-centred. They are stepping up to be the change they want to see.

TN50 was a meaningful journey for me. Last year, young Malaysians were asked one simple question - "What is your aspiration for Malaysia in 2050?" Tonight, the youth of Malaysia will present their collective aspirations. It marks the end of an exciting journey for me but more importantly, it will start a more important journey for all Malaysians. The future is now, and it belongs to all young Malaysians- our youth is ready to lead us into this journey towards 2050.

I grew up looking forward to Vision 2020 - a Government-led vision focusing on macroeconomic targets anchored around a high-income Malaysia, just as my parents grew up in the era of New Economic Policy which strived to build a more equitable Malaysia. Now, my children will grow up looking forward to TN50 - a youth-led vision shaping Malaysia which aims to leave no one behind. This continuity is what drives us as a nation - beyond our imperfections, we continuously strive to punch above our weight with one eye on the present and one eye on the future.

(NSTP file pix)