Congratulations to Professor Tommy Koh, former DPM S Jayakumar, and Deputy Attorney-General Lionel Yee on the launch of their jointly authored book, “Pedra Branca: Story of the Unheard Cases”!
In 2017, Malaysia challenged the International Court of Justice’s 2008 ruling that Pedra Branca belonged to Singapore. We assembled an inter-agency team, who spent over a year preparing our case.
However, Malaysia unexpectedly dropped their challenge shortly after their elections last May. This left some of our team relieved, but others disappointed! So 3 key members of the team turned their energies towards publishing a book instead. :)
“Pedra Branca: Story of the Unheard Cases”, documents Singapore’s case and how the team prepared for it. This is how we handle bilateral disputes – we seek good ties with our neighbours, but when it comes to protecting our sovereignty and interests, we will do so robustly, in accordance with international law. – LHL
同時也有1部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過3萬的網紅National Palace Museum國立故宮博物院,也在其Youtube影片中提到,This year, 2015, to commemorate both the 90th anniversary of the National Palace Museum’s founding and the three hundredth year since the Italian pain...
court documents 在 唐家婕 - Jane Tang Facebook 八卦
【山東「合村併居」的惡夢】
跟同事一起追了幾個禮拜的題目,講的是正發生在中國農村的故事。在大國間戰鼓雷鳴的當下,希望這些聲音的可以被聽見與紀錄。
👂🏻歡迎收聽~三集廣播 / Podcast報導《山東「合村併居」的惡夢》:
🔹上集:從拆遷戶變成「通緝犯」
https://pse.is/TFA68
🔹中集:誰的蠢事?-- 政府賣地賺錢
https://pse.is/SR5YA
🔹下集:中國農民的土地之悲
https://pse.is/UE8JM
--
▪️ #合村併居
▫️背景:在習近平領導的中國十九大工作重點「鄉村振興戰略」下,山東省擬定了充滿野心的規劃:今年底要拆遷掉全省20%、14000多個村子,關係到上百萬的農民。
▫️方式:「合村併居」,就是拆農民房子,合併村莊,把農民集中起來搬到「趕上樓」(到樓房裡住)。
▫️目的:本意是要解決中國空心村(居民少、佔地大)造成的村落運轉成本高、土地浪費嚴重、社會照顧難等問題。但山東省這次出了一個引發爭議的新招:先拆後建。
農民的家被拆光了,安置房還沒蓋好,至少數萬農民就在今年初疫情最嚴重的時候無家可歸,被迫投靠親友、或自己搭窩蓬居住。
類似的情況在山東臨沂、荷澤、濱州、德州、青島、日照、東營、聊城市都有發生。
▪️ #手段
// 簽署拆遷協定的前三人有5000到10000人民幣不等的獎金,還承諾有優先選則安置房的權力。對簽署拆遷協定有質疑的人家,很多則會突然遇到各種「狀況」。
👨🏻🌾「有的孩子在鎮上上學,學校校長、老師就說孩子學籍有問題,不簽就不讓孩子上學;斷水斷電斷路;農用拖拉機沒有牌照的,縣交管部門就扣車抓人。」村民小金細數著各種脅迫村民簽署搬遷協定的手法。
「村裡開超市的,把你門關掉;開餐館的,也關掉,不讓你營業。養豬的,縣政府環保部門過來,說你污染環境,把豬圈拆了。」//
//這是深更半夜有人在李家附近放爆竹。小李說:
🧑🏼🌾「白天一波一波的人來好言相勸;晚上黑惡勢力就來恐嚇威脅,斷電、砸牆、放煙花爆竹、辱罵。這種情況越來越嚴重。 他們還在我們家旁邊蓋了一個簡易房,裡面裝好了空調,白天在那裡看著我的家人,晚上十點左右,不知道什麼人就會開始向我家丟石頭。」
於是,打造「齊魯樣板」、精准「脫貧攻堅」、推動「鄉村振興」——這些官方文件中反復重復的宣傳文字,落到李家頭上,是石塊與爆竹。
小李多次打電話報警,還蒐集證據試圖上訪。
「我覺得很無辜,我們是受害者。從我出生到現在,沒有撥打過這麼多次110,每一次都有理、有據、有事實,每一次都是沒有處理結果、連立案的過程都沒走啊⋯⋯。」//
▪️ #賣地賺錢
▫️地方政府為什麼要這樣搞?
1. 怕農民不搬:以前的經驗,樓房蓋好、農民拒搬、樓房賣不出去、建商跟地方政府一起被拖垮。
2. 賣地賺錢:中國地方政府長期仰賴土地財政。簡單來說,賣地賺錢、大拆大建,是度過經濟成長萎縮、國內外局勢險峻的手段。
▫️賣地賺錢的兩種途徑:
一是複墾為耕地,國家財政給予每畝20-40萬元的補貼。
二是利用「增減掛勾政策」,把農民「上樓」後騰出的土地,利用「城鄉建設用地增減掛鉤」機制,把耕地換成「城市建設用地指標」,再把「指標」交易出去,出讓價格可能在每畝50萬以上,甚至更高。
新聞裡,我們採訪的農民開出的農耕用地收購價是一畝5.1萬。轉手之間,對地方政府確實是一筆可觀的收入。
▪️ #中國不能討論的事:組織&土地私有化
確實有農民開心的「上樓」去,但不願遷移的農民成了任由宰割的群體。這些中國底層農民無力自濟的根本兩個根本原因:沒組織、沒產權。
農業組織早在市場化之後逐漸消失,以現在的政治環境更不可能;至於產權,在近幾年連學術討論的空間都大大萎縮了。(aka 大多學者也不敢講話、倡議以土地私有化讓中國城鎮化自然發生)
//美國三一學院經濟系終身教授文貫中說,
「在一個真正市場化經濟國家裡面,這個(城鎮化)問題是不需要政府去操縱的,也不需要像強盜一樣趕農民,因為既然進城就有動力,(農民就會)把房子土地賣掉。而在沒有土地、市場配置的情況下,政府來強制性配置。搞來搞去就會出事。」
在2013年的中共十八大三中全會 上,「完善產權制度和要素市場化」被提上議程。文貫中解釋說,那一度讓外界看見中國土地產權改革的希望。
「所謂要素市場化,也就是指資本、土地、勞動力三大要素,表示土地也可以討論。但在這之後,黨總書記習近平莫名其妙、以個人身分把決議推翻。」
怎麼推翻的呢?習近平公開強調,改革的底線是:農村土地集體所有,#不能動。
「如果你還跑出來討論土地私有,就是跟總書記對著幹。現在總書記的權力是淩駕於全黨之上,你要冒生命危險了,沒有這樣的人了。」文貫中說。
北京清華大學社會系教授郭于華直言,當前政策辯論在拆遷手法、基層工作、地方財政等議題上「繞圈子」。
「你再溫和地(拆遷),最後不還是(把農民土地)拿走。」//
▪️#後記:
▫️1. 時代的眼淚
做這個題目的時候,翻出這篇2012年在財新做的稿子,那時候我原本標題下「台灣如何"強拆"」,被編輯改為《台灣如何拆遷》(https://pse.is/TAQ7W)。做完中國的拆遷故事,再回去讀當時臺灣的稿子,有更深刻的明白。
Me:什麼?怎麼可以威脅小孩的上學權呢?
老同事:死人了沒有?
▫️2. 習粉
中國14億人中,有四成以上是農民人口。
這次採訪接觸了好幾個農民家庭,其中幾個一開始我還傻傻的傳了一堆問題跟資料。幾天都沒得到回應,才知道原來是大多不識字。
最後用語音聊了一陣子,聽他們講述自己的遭遇,然後聊天之間,他們會傳很多央視的快手影片給我,主角多是習近平或李克強,內容是幫助農民、整治貪污、嚴懲強拆那些話。
「我們國家的政策多好,領導是要照顧我們的。......都是被地方貪官給貪了!」
這些類似的話一直反覆地聽到。
其中一個農民,我都稱她小蘭姐,50出頭、四個孩子都在外地打工。每次聊她都會聊到哭,一直跟我說什麼都沒了,不如死了算了。
我問她,現在想要什麼呢?
她說,她就要原來的家、原來的農地、原來自己的床。
「妳一定要幫幫忙,讓上面的領導來我們這裡調查、主持公道!」
—
👂🏻歡迎收聽~
三集《山東「合村併居」的惡夢》:
🔹上集:從拆遷戶變成「通緝犯」 https://pse.is/TFA68
🔹中集:誰的蠢事?-- 政府賣地賺錢 https://pse.is/SR5YA
🔹下集:中國農民的土地之悲 https://pse.is/UE8JM
—
Latest:
I made 3 episodes of podcasts documenting the voices of Shangdong Peasants families:《The Nightmare of Shandong’s "village mergers"》
These Chinese farmers speak up with desperation on their real struggles, providing us a rare opportunity to hear their voices.
--
According to official documents, the province's "rural revitalization" strategy (鄉村振興戰略) involves relocating and merging 20% of its close to 70,000 villages by 2020. The policy has a name: “village mergers” (合村並點、or 合村並居 hécūn bìngjū).
With this aggressive goal, the local government of Shangdong has been razing villages at an unprecedented speed. Nearly a dozen villagers told #RFA that the local government uses "all sorts of tools" to force them to sign agreements to move, and were promised new houses that are still in construction or have not even been built.
These "tools" include pressuring families about their children’s educations, seizing tractors, cutting of electricity, digging huge holes in front of the families’ properties, throwing rocks at their houses, or lighting up fireworks in the middle of the night.
In one case, the local police registered a farmer, Li, as a “wanted criminal" for taking a mining job more than two decades before. Li was suddenly arrested at a train station this month while trying to buy a ticket with his ID card.
“Raze first, build later”(先拆後建) became a new norm of this mass-demolition campaign in Shandong, leaving thousands of rural residents with few options. With their houses now gone, most of the farmers we talked to had erected tents along their old fields. Some were staying with family and friends.
The local government promised a 1500 yuan ($213) per month ‘transition fee’. At least six families told us they have yet received anything.
--
The local official I spoke to denied all the accusations. "There has been no forced relocation. All money has been sent to the families.”
An official response document from the government to villagers also showed ‘No Forced Relocation’.
One farmer told me he felt ‘helpless’. “The police are not documenting the case, the government has denied all the behaviors relating to forced relocations, and the court is not taking our case either.”
--
Have a listen:
《The Nightmare of Shandong’s "village mergers"》
■ 1: From peasant to "wanted criminals" https://pse.is/TFA68
■ 2: Who’s stupid move? Making money from the land https://pse.is/SR5YA
■ 3: The tragic land of Chinese farmers https://pse.is/UE8JM
court documents 在 Papa Azri Facebook 八卦
Baca sampai habis Guys
Realiti sebenar isu tahanan PATI
1. Dakwaan beberapa pemimpin PH dan NGO pro-liberalisme bahawa Malaysia menindas dan menzalimi PATI, adalah melampau. Ia kemudiannya dituruti dengan kecaman antarabangsa, kononnya PATI di dalam Depot Tahanan Imigresen (DPI) dilayan dengan begitu teruk, khususnya wanita dan kanak-kanak. [1]
2. Hakikatnya, DPI bahkan menyediakan kemudahan kepada tahanan termasuk taman permainan kanak-kanak dilengkapi sudut bacaan, alat permainan, alat tulis, kerusi dan kolam mandi mudah alih selain daripada makan minum, rawatan kesihatan dan keperluan asas lain.
3. Tahanan wanita yang mengandung dan mempunyai anak turut disediakan katil, tilam serta bantal untuk keselesaan mereka, bukan tidur di atas lantai sel seperti yang diburuk-burukkan.
4. Berapakah kos tanggungan keseluruhan DPI untuk tahanan PATI ini? RM3.4 juta sebulan. [2]
5. Berapa lama PATI ditahan dalam sebelum dihantar pulang ke negara asal? 3 minggu sehingga 4 bulan.
6. Kerajaan tentulah tidak mahu menanggung beban kewangan dengan menahan lama-lama PATI ini, tetapi ia bukan sesuatu yang mudah untuk menghantar mereka pulang segera. Berikut merupakan antara sebab-sebabnya:
- PATI gagal mendedahkan identiti kewarganegaraan negara asal
- Ketiadaan dokumen negara asal
- Tertakluk di bawah perintah mahkamah (hukuman penjara)
- Menunggu dokumen dikeluarkan oleh pihak kedutaan negara asal
7. Hal demikian dijelaskan oleh bekas Ketua Pengarah Imigresen, Mustafar Ali seperti berikut:
“…Apabila seseorang itu ditangkap, mereka tiada dokumen, kita memerlukan dokumen mereka dari kedutaan. Kedutaan mereka akan mengeluarkan dokumen untuk membolehkan mereka dihantar pulang ke negara asal.
Jika tiada dokumen langsung, mereka akan digelar sebagai warga tidak bernegara, sebagai contohnya, apabila pihak kami menghubungi kedutaan berkenaan, PATI mengatakan mereka bukan dari negara terbabit. Sama juga kedutaan yang tidak mengaku PATI tersebut warganegara mereka. Jadi, pihak kedutaan tidak akan mengeluarkan dokumen. Bila tidak dikeluarkan dokumen, berapa lama mereka terpaksa tunggu?” [3]
8. Kita sebenarnya tersepit. Rakyat dan kerajaan mahu PATI segera ditangani. Tetapi PH dan NGO dengan desakan antarabangsa (kumpulan hak asasi), mahu sebaliknya.
9. Bagaimanapun, semalam, ketegasan Menteri Kanan (Keselamatan), walaupun bukan seorang yang lantang berbicara, namun jawapan dan tindakannya tegas:
"Walau apa alasan yang diberikan oleh kumpulan yang menentang tindakan kerajaan ini, kita tidak akan tunduk kepada mereka kerana tindakan kita adalah untuk menjaga kepentingan dan keselamatan rakyat kita."
10. Justeru, kerajaan akan menyegerakan penghantaran pulang PATI (yang didapati negatif Covid-19) ke negara asal. [4]
-------------------------
[1] https://www.hmetro.com.my/…/20…/07/473509/dakwaan-tanpa-asas
[2] https://www.bharian.com.my/…/9000-pati-ditahan-di-depot-imi…
[3] Nurina Awanis Mohamed, Mohd Na’eim Ajis, Zawiyah Md. Zain, 2019. Cabaran dalam menguruskan pendatang asing tanpa izin di depot tahanan imigresen Malaysia. Malaysian Journal of Society and Space 15:3 (76-89). Bangi: UKM Press (http://ejournals.ukm.my/gmjss/article/view/32219)
[4] http://www.astroawani.com/…/isu-pati-kerajaan-tidak-akan-tu…
The real reality of the home issue of pati
1. Claims of some ph leaders and pro-liberalism ngo that Malaysia is bullying and terrorizing the essence, is extreme. It was later obeyed with international censure, supposedly the essence in the Immigration Prisoner Depot (dpi) was treated so badly, especially women and children. [1]
2. In fact, dpi even provides facilities to prisoners including children's playground equipped with reading corner, game tools, writing tools, chairs and mobile bath pools instead of eating drinks, health treatment and other basic needs.
3. Pregnant Women's homes and children are also prepared for bed, mattress and pillow for their comfort, not sleeping on the cell floor as they are being are.
4. How much is the overall cost of dpi for this pati prisoner? Rm3. 4 million a month. [2]
5. How long has the essence been held in before being sent back to the country of origin? 3 WEEKS UP TO 4 months.
6. Government would not want to bear financial burden by holding on for a long time, but it's not something easy to send them home immediately. Here are some of the reasons:
- pati fails to reveal the identity of the nationality of the country
- the absence of original country documents
- subject under court order (prison sentence)
- waiting for documents to be issued by the original embassy
7. Things are explained by former immigration director mustafar ali as follows:
"... when a person is arrested, they don't have documents, we need their documents from the embassy. Their Embassy will release documents to allow them to be sent back to the country of origin.
If there are no documents at all, they will be held as citizens citizens, for example, when our party calls the embassy, the essence says they are not from the country involved. It's the same embassy who doesn't admit that the essence is their citizen. So the embassy won't release the documents. When the documents are not issued, how long do they have to wait?" [3]
8. We are actually stuck. The people and the government want the essence to be treated immediately. But Ph and ngo with international pressure (rights group), want the other way around.
9. However, yesterday, the firmness of the right minister (safety), even though not a loud person speaks, but his answers and actions are firm:
" no matter what the reason that the group that opposes the actions of this government, we will not bow down to them because our actions are to keep the importance and safety of our people."
10. Thus, the government will hasten the return of the pati (found negative covid-19) to the country of origin. [4]
-------------------------
[1] https://www.hmetro.com.my/mutakhir/2019/07/473509/dakwaan-tanpa-asas
[2] https://www.bharian.com.my/berita/nasional/2019/09/606472/9000-pati-ditahan-di-depot-imigresen
[3] Nurina Awanis Mohamed, MOHD NA ' Eim Ajis, zawiyah MD. Zain, 2019. Challenges in managing foreign immigrants at the Malaysia Immigration Prisoner Depot. Malaysian Journal of society and space 15:3 (76-89). Bangi: Ukm Press (http://ejournals.ukm.my/gmjss/article/view/32219)
[4] http://www.astroawani.com/berita-malaysia/isu-pati-kerajaan-tidak-akan-tunduk-ismail-sabri-244387Translated
court documents 在 National Palace Museum國立故宮博物院 Youtube 的評價
This year, 2015, to commemorate both the 90th anniversary of the National Palace Museum’s founding and the three hundredth year since the Italian painter Giuseppe Castiglione (1688-1766) came to the Qing court and left his enduring influence, the NPM has produced Victory in Etching, a documentary in 4K high-resolution film. The centerpiece of this documentary is Victory in the Pacification of Dzungars and Muslims, which was drafted by Castiglione and various other court painters and completed by French engravers. Our research team reconstructed the stories behind the work by piecing together evidence culled from historical documents and overseas research. The narrator of this documentary is a special guest, the top news anchor Shen Chunhua, winner of the Golden Bell Awards. The documentary recounts Qianlong’s northwestern military campaigns, the commission and production of the sixteen Victory plates, and insights into the copperplate engraving method. The film crew visited Europe to do the shooting, filming at the Bibliothèque nationale de France, the Ethnologisches Museum in Germany, and various printing workshops. Out of the sixteen prints requested by Qianlong, Storming of the Camp at Gädän-Ola and Lifting of the Siege at Black Water River were entirely drafted by Castiglione using a naturalist style and featuring the western technique of perspective. Today, this documentary will allow us once again to witness the achievements of 18th century cooperation in Eastern and Western art.
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