เราคือเพื่อนกัน
1
เพื่อนๆ ผู้อ่านครับ
...Continue ReadingWe are friends
1
Friends, readers.
Supposedly one day, a company is allowed to make gold mines near your house that has been colored for a long time. He started producing and mineral. Not long ago. The chemical used to produces the chemicals used to leak along the public creek. Yours, your village, your neighbors, your parents, siblings, thousands of people. Almost four thousand families are sick and still have to eat chemical contaminated food every day.
What will friends do?
Unfortunately, the incident is a real event that happened at khao luang sub-District, Wang Saphung District, province.
Unfortunately, the voices of villagers there may not be as loud as the voices of fellow communications experts through social media.
In 2556, six villagers gathered on behalf of the homeland rak to file a federal court to order for the minister of industry and commissioner of industry and mining duty to supervise the mining companies to perform the terms. Cards and licenses for mines without impact on the environment and community.
But then the result is to beat the villagers and tie their hands on the back to many injured.
After the coup. Assigned to local military units to take care of gold mine. There are appointed ' Provincial Gold Mines ' committee that villagers disagree with and ask for solutions according to the people's proposal for reasons that the solution that affect the life of the life of the life of They should let them participate in the decision.
But then the result is the leader of homeland and students who call to report to adjust attitude.
And this group of students we know them as 'dao din', students from faculty of law, khon kaen university, who camp to learn society. They are on the area with villagers around the golden mines, Wang Saphung District. Many years from seniors to juniors. Study information and work with villagers all along, not only in this government days.
For villagers in the area, the soil star is not different from children and grandchildren who come to help each other and take care
After coup, the movement to fight gold mines are more restricted and always connected to politics, basically fighting for the quality of life of life.
From the light sound, it can barely make noise. It's easy. City people like us haven't heard about the villagers in wang saphung district.
Once in 2556, while the riot police will break down, villagers who come to gather to hear comments after cuddle states, keep people from commenting. Only allow those who agree to go in one side when it comes to face. Set up a human wall to protect villagers from the force of officers.
Students Help villagers who are in trouble against power of cuddle states and capital power.
Friends, if we were villagers in Wang Saphung District, how would we feel about these students?
...
2
Once upon a time, when I was still studying at the faculty of cuddle, Chulalongkorn University, I had a chance to read the magazine ' special edition of ' 14 October 2516 ' while chasing my eyes on the story in it. I had a question. In mind why young people in that era have strength and aspirations are different from young people in our generation.
Their aspirations are national social level, not a dream of personal success. Want to work in a famous company. Want a lot of salary, want bonus months a year or something.
Their problem is looking forward to change society to more equality. Help be a voice for farmers, poor people to be more justice in life than ever.
So what are we doing?
I've heard many adults say that the problem of education in the post-term is scheduled to serve capitalism, workers, employees log in to work, meet business entrepreneurs. Look at the problems that teachers have given us. We can't deny that it's true. Students like us design expensive chairs, interia, Luxury Hotel, five Star Spa, cool graphics, cool design, almost no design to solve problems for little ones or to solve the problems of disadvantaged people in society.
It seems like we live in different worlds.
It's not that students don't want to use knowledge to help society, but we barely have that mode because we live in a world far away from the problems of those little people.
Of course, the problem that the teacher gives us is a necessary problem for professional assembly. But if we look at the other way, if we live in the same society, we should know the problem and try to use the knowledge that we have studied to figure out how to solve it for friends. Isn't it society? But we have never been taught to look that way. These days may start to have some.
And this is a common thing in Thai University. The bond connects the relationship between students and social problems. The story of society. The misery of social friends is faded.
...
3
After the students of the soil star came out to move and arrested to military court, we heard both adults in the city and comment on Facebook say, " admire students who made a reputation for the country in science, Sports. Come out to this move. Let's stop because it makes the city unpeaceful " or the words like " why are students ranting. Why is the duty of students to study " or even the saying " these look like students, but they look like beast. Say "
I feel sad after listening to Thai society. Students who think about social friends fighting for justice. Become students that adults don't want. What kind of students do we want?
Some people write comments to ask these students, " when the government cheat, why don't you come out to shrink their head which I think this is the same thing, whether the cuddle government, cuddle government, cuddle, the election or government used. The unjust power that comes from taking over should be investigated, and the ground stars have fought both governments.
Arrests of din students is not sad because cuddle government officials arrested a group of students who fight for justice for villagers, but this arrest will scare many students and citizens who wish society. It is a cut off the idea of dreams. And hope is not only for young people, not only for the people, but it is also a cut of the thoughts, dreams and hopes of Thai society.
Because it tells us that this society does not value fighting for justice for fellow society.
If you let this happen, what do we want to see society?
...
4
A society where people laugh at when students who fight for the justice of villagers are arrested. What kind of society is this?
Don't we really need sense citizens for social associates?
If our family has to drink chemical contaminated creek, don't we really need sympathy from anyone? If our friends have to drink chemical contaminated water, we will shrug and say that first cry. Why would we really live like that?
If the soil stars fought for us for our village, would we look at him differently from now?
One day these students may ask for something for us or wait until that day so we think they did the right thing.
For me, din star is an example of students who are hard to find in Thai society. Both their dedication and courage are all up to be salute. I respect them for seeing villagers as ' friend s'. What happens is villagers. See them as ' friend s' as well
Feeling grateful for ' friend s' like this. It's a magical thing with the overall society because it creates an atmosphere of being part of each other. Sympathy for each other. Help each other to happen in society.
This is the ' friend ' that is missing from Thai society because we keep thinking about ' personal issue '
Many people may be bored of politics, bored of movement, calling and like the city is peaceful. But we have to ask who ' peaceful ' is peaceful and peaceful for anyone when there are people who benefit from this ' peace ' and need to make noise for others to hear. Fighting for my own life
Therefore, a peaceful city without contending or disputing is a world that tucked under the carpet. Press over the cries of many people from hearing.
Peace is beyond invisible suffering
Therefore, democracy is important because it opens the opportunity for every voice to speak, make noise.
Every voice speaks the same loud and the same important.
...
5
Before being arrested, these students wear shirts with letters, " we are friends I think this word means another aspect hidden in it. If ' friend ' are the ones who see each other's suffering and don't think about themselves. These students are. Friends of villagers are friends of the people.
'we' are all the people.
As for the real ' Devil ' or ' BEAST ' is the opposite of the people. No matter who they are, no matter how they come, election comes to take power. If the opposite of the people, don't listen to the voice, don't focus, don't think about the benefit of all people Truly, we should stand beside each other to make noise to expel demons together.
Leaders. If you see that we are friends. If we are beside the people, we have to listen to each other. Open the opportunity to comment, not to fix it, but to catch those who come out to warn or adjust attitude.
'we' should fight corps cuddle together and fight against unrighteous power together.
Fighting all kinds of unrighteousness is necessary.
There may be different opinions. If you don't like Mr. Thaksin. If you don't like khun prayut, let's say (which is not strange if anyone doesn't like both of them). But if you see that you shouldn't fight for disadvantaged people who Should let these people express their thoughts. This one would be a big deal.
The peaceful society that we want should be a society where people care about each other's problems and suffering. Listen to exchange civilized opinions, not peaceful because of other people's mouth or neglect. Don't care about suffering
A society like that may seem peaceful just because we can't hear or ignore other people's cries.
As a person who lives in the same society. #Are we friends?
If you are not friends with the people, who will we be friends with?Translated
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【談德賽先生與世界轉型正義】
小編的 #二二八和平紀念日 隨筆✍️
台灣人對於 #德 (Democracy民主) #賽 (Science科學) 先生一定不陌生,尤其在這波 #武漢肺炎 疫情蔓延的此刻,我們更能體會 #民主、透明、人本的行政,以及 #科學、學術自由的重要性。
但今天我們享受的 #民主自由 跟 #說真話 的權利,並非從天上掉下來,而是許多人民勇敢反抗威權獨裁體制所爭取而來的。他們所遭受殘酷不當的政治迫害,或許是生活在現在的我們難以想像的😰,但即便那段用血與淚寫下的歷史,曾被刻意抹去或扭曲,我們仍然不應該忘記,反而更應秉持實事求是的科學精神,還原過去...
「過去發生的錯誤,不會輕易從歷史中消失,而會成為不斷糾纏的傷痛。」
記述德國 #轉型正義 的《無能於哀悼》(Die Unfähigkeit zu trauern)一書,道出了「克服過去」(Vergangenheitsbewältigung) 的意義,也是我們台灣人面對「二二八事件」這段歷史時,應該賦予自己的使命與工作💪;因為唯有如此,社會才能逐步實現和解,台灣也才能在和平深厚的民主文化中,持續壯闊!
#釐清歷史真相
#召喚社會共感與相互理解
#台灣轉型正義之路
#我們一起走
#TransitionalJustice
#Reconciliation
覺得這個使命太沈重?很孤單❓
No no no... 身為走在國際線上的知識型小編🤓,就來跟大家分享幾個世界上比較有代表性的「轉型正義」案例吧~
#德國 🇩🇪「前東德社會統一黨獨裁時期歷史評價與影響研究委員會」調查1949-1989年的人權侵犯事件,聽取目擊者證詞,於1994年6月完成報告18冊,作為德國政府後續補償受害者之依據,並挹注教育與文化預算,透過正規教育及生活環境形塑,讓人民記住歷史教訓,避免悲劇重演。
#北愛爾蘭 🏳️「北愛爾蘭受害者委員會」調查過去30年戰爭中對人權的迫害事件真相,成立專門委員會平反賠償,促使對立衝突的雙方領袖,願意為改變現狀做出不一樣的決定,開啟相互理解的契機。
#美國 🇺🇸「戰時公民遭迫遷與拘留委員會」1980年由國會設置,調查1942-1945年間美國公民與移民被強迫遷移與拘禁的情況,並於1988年通過《公民自由法案》,要求政府認錯道歉,並須設立公共教育基金,向大眾宣傳以及提供受害者賠償,另保證未來不再採取類似行動。
#瓜地馬拉 🇬🇹「歷史澄清委員會」於1997-1999年間,調查過去36年來國內武裝衝突中侵犯人權的案件,最終報告命名為《瓜地馬拉:沉默記憶》,紀錄人權侵害的犧牲者 4萬多人,其中23,000多人遭受處決,6000多人被失蹤。當時軍事政變掌權者Rios Montt,在2012 年被法庭以種族滅絕和反人類兩罪正式指控,2013年被判處合計80年徒刑。
#薩爾瓦多 🇸🇻「薩爾瓦多真相委員會」,資金由聯合國會員國募集和管理,調查1980年代以來22,000宗處死、凌虐與綁架案。1993年在美國發表調查報告《從瘋狂到希望:薩爾瓦多12年的戰爭》,最後有2000名證人出面提出直接證據,顯示共有逾7000人受害、8000名遭受間接波及,此外政府當局還收到近23,000件書面告發。
#阿根廷 🇦🇷「失蹤者國家委員會」,調查1976-1983年軍政府統治時期,近9000人下落不明的情況。審查8960位失蹤案與不計其數的凌虐和拘留案,確認365座凌虐和集中營。其成果報告《永不重蹈覆轍》於1984年公諸於世。時至2006年,前警察總長Miguel Etchecolatz終被判終生監禁,2008年前軍政府首領Reynaldo Bignone 被判處25年徒刑,軍政府時期的第一任總統Jorge Rafael Videla也被起訴,於2010年遭判終生監禁,2014年於獄中去世。
#蒲隆地 🇧🇮 由聯合國安理會成立「國際調查委員會」釐清1993年Ndadaye總統遇刺及相關暴力真相,「九三事件」造成超過5萬人喪生。委員會作出法律、政治和行政措施,懲治肇事者,嚴防重蹈覆轍,促進國內和解。
#南非 🇿🇦「真相與和解委員會」(TRC) 於1995年成立,調查種族隔離期間人權迫害事件並作成報告,分析1960-1990 年代的解放組織等相關運動,透過舉辦一場場公開的聽證會,收集21,000份證詞,並自2003年起執行財務賠償,最終走向和解。
#斯里蘭卡 🇱🇰「非自願遷徙或失蹤者下落調查委員會」,調查自1988年開始的失蹤案件,並找出負責者。一共查出16,700件失蹤案,賠償家屬損失,超過400名國安部門成員被起訴。
Today is #PeaceMemorialDay, commemorating the February 28th Incident in 1947.
In the midst of an epidemic, the values of #transparency, #FreedomOfSpeech, #science-based practice and humanitarian governance that are inherent to free and democratic societies have never been clearer. However, this doesn’t happen overnight, but rather authoritarian dictatorships have to be challenged by intellectuals and civic groups for change to happen. For generations who were born after this chapter of history closed, this may be hard to imagine, but it is important that it be remembered and examined.
‘The mistakes of the past do not easily disappear into history, but rather become a festering wound.’
The Inability to Mourn (Die Unfähigkeit zu trauern)
‘Vergangenheitsbewältigung’ is the German word for the struggle to work through the horrors of World War II. In a similar manner, Taiwanese people have been working to decode and examine the February 28th Incident; in order to facilitate peace and reconciliation within Taiwanese society and build the lasting foundation for a democratic society.
If this sounds like a Sisyphean task, don’t feel discouraged, we’ve shared some #TransitionalJustice success stories from around the world below:
#Germany: Two years after German reunification, the Commission of Inquiry for the Assessment of History and Consequences of the SED Dictatorship in Germany was established by the German government to examine the history and consequences of the former East German communist government. It released its 18-volume report in 1994. A Commission of Inquiry on Overcoming the Consequences of the SED Dictatorship in the Process of German Unity then investigated the findings for a further three years. This was used as the basis to distribute compensation to victims and more funds were apportioned for education and culture, so that people would learn the lessons of history and so that these tragedies would never happen again.
#NorthernIreland: The NI Commission for Victims and Survivors was established to investigate the stories of victims of the Troubles. A commissioner for Victims and Survivors of the conflict in Northern Ireland was established by legislation in 2006 and its principal aim is to promote the interests of victims and survivors.
#US: The Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians investigated the internment and relocation of US citizens during World War II. Congress subsequently passed the Civil Liberties Act of 1988, in which the government acknowledged and apologized for the injustices and which created a public education fund to inform the public as well as making restitution to those affected; ensuring that similar actions would not be taken in the future.
#Guatemala: The Historical Clarification Commission was established to investigate human rights abuses during the 36-year armed conflict in the country, which saw 200,000 killed and over 1 million disappearances. The final report, Memory of Silence was published in 1999. On May 10, 2013, the head of the military regime Efraín Ríos Montt was convicted of genocide and crimes against humanity. He was sentenced to 80 years in prison (50 years for genocide and 30 years for crimes against humanity).
#ElSalvador: The UN-funded Truth Commission for El Salvador was established in 1992 to investigate the grave wrongdoings, including murders, disappearances and torture, that occurred during the 12-year civil war. In 1993 the report, 'From Madness to Hope', was published. 2000 people provided direct testimony, with over 7,000 direct victims and over 8,000 indirect victims. Authorities also received over 23,000 written complaints.
#Argentina: The National Commission on the Disappearances of Persons was established to investigate the almost 9,000 disappearances under the military junta from 1976 to 1983. The commission’s report, 'Nunca Más', was published in 1984. The commission identified 300 secret detention centers throughout Argentina used during the "Dirty War" that were administered by the military and documented 8,961 deaths and disappearances. In 2006, former senior Argentine police officer Miguel Etchecolatz, who worked in the Buenos Aires Provincial Police during the first years of the military dictatorship, was sentenced to life; in 2008 the former head of the military junta was sentenced to 25 years. The first president of the miltary junta rule was sentenced to life imprisonment in 2010 and passed away in prison in 2014.
#Burundi: The International Commission of Inquiry was established by the UN Security Council in 1995 to look into the tens of thousands of deaths in the genocide in the wake of the assassination of President Melchior Ndadaye and to recommend legal, political or administrative measures to bring to justice persons responsible for those acts and promote reconciliation in Burundi.
#SouthAfrica: The Truth and Reconciliation Commission was established in 1996 to hold public hearings where testimony was heard by victims and perpetrators concerning human rights violations that occurred during apartheid. The Commission found more than 19,050 people had been victims of gross human rights violations. The final report of the commission consists of seven volumes.
#SriLanka: The Commissions of Inquiry into the Involuntary Removal or Disappearance of Persons were established to investigate forced disappearances from 1988 to 1994, as the Sri Lankan government was embroiled in war with the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam. They found 16,700 cases of forced disappearances and victims received compensation.
📚參考資料來源:
促進轉型正義委員會
臺灣民主基金會 Taiwan Foundation for Democracy
台灣民間真相與和解促進會
開放雜誌 OPEN magazine
country life magazine 在 外交部 Ministry of Foreign Affairs, ROC(Taiwan) Facebook 八卦
【談德賽先生與世界轉型正義】
小編的 #二二八和平紀念日 隨筆✍️
台灣人對於 #德 (Democracy民主) #賽 (Science科學) 先生一定不陌生,尤其在這波 #武漢肺炎 疫情蔓延的此刻,我們更能體會 #民主、透明、人本的行政,以及 #科學、學術自由的重要性。
但今天我們享受的 #民主自由 跟 #說真話 的權利,並非從天上掉下來,而是許多人民勇敢反抗威權獨裁體制所爭取而來的。他們所遭受殘酷不當的政治迫害,或許是生活在現在的我們難以想像的😰,但即便那段用血與淚寫下的歷史,曾被刻意抹去或扭曲,我們仍然不應該忘記,反而更應秉持實事求是的科學精神,還原過去...
「過去發生的錯誤,不會輕易從歷史中消失,而會成為不斷糾纏的傷痛。」
記述德國 #轉型正義 的《無能於哀悼》(Die Unfähigkeit zu trauern)一書,道出了「克服過去」(Vergangenheitsbewältigung) 的意義,也是我們台灣人面對「二二八事件」這段歷史時,應該賦予自己的使命與工作💪;因為唯有如此,社會才能逐步實現和解,台灣也才能在和平深厚的民主文化中,持續壯闊!
#釐清歷史真相
#召喚社會共感與相互理解
#台灣轉型正義之路
#我們一起走
#TransitionalJustice
#Reconciliation
覺得這個使命太沈重?很孤單❓
No no no... 身為走在國際線上的知識型小編🤓,就來跟大家分享幾個世界上比較有代表性的「轉型正義」案例吧~
#德國 🇩🇪「前東德社會統一黨獨裁時期歷史評價與影響研究委員會」調查1949-1989年的人權侵犯事件,聽取目擊者證詞,於1994年6月完成報告18冊,作為德國政府後續補償受害者之依據,並挹注教育與文化預算,透過正規教育及生活環境形塑,讓人民記住歷史教訓,避免悲劇重演。
#北愛爾蘭 🏳️「北愛爾蘭受害者委員會」調查過去30年戰爭中對人權的迫害事件真相,成立專門委員會平反賠償,促使對立衝突的雙方領袖,願意為改變現狀做出不一樣的決定,開啟相互理解的契機。
#美國 🇺🇸「戰時公民遭迫遷與拘留委員會」1980年由國會設置,調查1942-1945年間美國公民與移民被強迫遷移與拘禁的情況,並於1988年通過《公民自由法案》,要求政府認錯道歉,並須設立公共教育基金,向大眾宣傳以及提供受害者賠償,另保證未來不再採取類似行動。
#瓜地馬拉 🇬🇹「歷史澄清委員會」於1997-1999年間,調查過去36年來國內武裝衝突中侵犯人權的案件,最終報告命名為《瓜地馬拉:沉默記憶》,紀錄人權侵害的犧牲者 4萬多人,其中23,000多人遭受處決,6000多人被失蹤。當時軍事政變掌權者Rios Montt,在2012 年被法庭以種族滅絕和反人類兩罪正式指控,2013年被判處合計80年徒刑。
#薩爾瓦多 🇸🇻「薩爾瓦多真相委員會」,資金由聯合國會員國募集和管理,調查1980年代以來22,000宗處死、凌虐與綁架案。1993年在美國發表調查報告《從瘋狂到希望:薩爾瓦多12年的戰爭》,最後有2000名證人出面提出直接證據,顯示共有逾7000人受害、8000名遭受間接波及,此外政府當局還收到近23,000件書面告發。
#阿根廷 🇦🇷「失蹤者國家委員會」,調查1976-1983年軍政府統治時期,近9000人下落不明的情況。審查8960位失蹤案與不計其數的凌虐和拘留案,確認365座凌虐和集中營。其成果報告《永不重蹈覆轍》於1984年公諸於世。時至2006年,前警察總長Miguel Etchecolatz終被判終生監禁,2008年前軍政府首領Reynaldo Bignone 被判處25年徒刑,軍政府時期的第一任總統Jorge Rafael Videla也被起訴,於2010年遭判終生監禁,2014年於獄中去世。
#蒲隆地 🇧🇮 由聯合國安理會成立「國際調查委員會」釐清1993年Ndadaye總統遇刺及相關暴力真相,「九三事件」造成超過5萬人喪生。委員會作出法律、政治和行政措施,懲治肇事者,嚴防重蹈覆轍,促進國內和解。
#南非 🇿🇦「真相與和解委員會」(TRC) 於1995年成立,調查種族隔離期間人權迫害事件並作成報告,分析1960-1990 年代的解放組織等相關運動,透過舉辦一場場公開的聽證會,收集21,000份證詞,並自2003年起執行財務賠償,最終走向和解。
#斯里蘭卡 🇱🇰「非自願遷徙或失蹤者下落調查委員會」,調查自1988年開始的失蹤案件,並找出負責者。一共查出16,700件失蹤案,賠償家屬損失,超過400名國安部門成員被起訴。
Today is #PeaceMemorialDay, commemorating the February 28th Incident in 1947.
In the midst of an epidemic, the values of #transparency, #FreedomOfSpeech, #science-based practice and humanitarian governance that are inherent to free and democratic societies have never been clearer. However, this doesn’t happen overnight, but rather authoritarian dictatorships have to be challenged by intellectuals and civic groups for change to happen. For generations who were born after this chapter of history closed, this may be hard to imagine, but it is important that it be remembered and examined.
‘The mistakes of the past do not easily disappear into history, but rather become a festering wound.’
The Inability to Mourn (Die Unfähigkeit zu trauern)
‘Vergangenheitsbewältigung’ is the German word for the struggle to work through the horrors of World War II. In a similar manner, Taiwanese people have been working to decode and examine the February 28th Incident; in order to facilitate peace and reconciliation within Taiwanese society and build the lasting foundation for a democratic society.
If this sounds like a Sisyphean task, don’t feel discouraged, we’ve shared some #TransitionalJustice success stories from around the world below:
#Germany: Two years after German reunification, the Commission of Inquiry for the Assessment of History and Consequences of the SED Dictatorship in Germany was established by the German government to examine the history and consequences of the former East German communist government. It released its 18-volume report in 1994. A Commission of Inquiry on Overcoming the Consequences of the SED Dictatorship in the Process of German Unity then investigated the findings for a further three years. This was used as the basis to distribute compensation to victims and more funds were apportioned for education and culture, so that people would learn the lessons of history and so that these tragedies would never happen again.
#NorthernIreland: The NI Commission for Victims and Survivors was established to investigate the stories of victims of the Troubles. A commissioner for Victims and Survivors of the conflict in Northern Ireland was established by legislation in 2006 and its principal aim is to promote the interests of victims and survivors.
#US: The Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians investigated the internment and relocation of US citizens during World War II. Congress subsequently passed the Civil Liberties Act of 1988, in which the government acknowledged and apologized for the injustices and which created a public education fund to inform the public as well as making restitution to those affected; ensuring that similar actions would not be taken in the future.
#Guatemala: The Historical Clarification Commission was established to investigate human rights abuses during the 36-year armed conflict in the country, which saw 200,000 killed and over 1 million disappearances. The final report, Memory of Silence was published in 1999. On May 10, 2013, the head of the military regime Efraín Ríos Montt was convicted of genocide and crimes against humanity. He was sentenced to 80 years in prison (50 years for genocide and 30 years for crimes against humanity).
#ElSalvador: The UN-funded Truth Commission for El Salvador was established in 1992 to investigate the grave wrongdoings, including murders, disappearances and torture, that occurred during the 12-year civil war. In 1993 the report, 'From Madness to Hope', was published. 2000 people provided direct testimony, with over 7,000 direct victims and over 8,000 indirect victims. Authorities also received over 23,000 written complaints.
#Argentina: The National Commission on the Disappearances of Persons was established to investigate the almost 9,000 disappearances under the military junta from 1976 to 1983. The commission’s report, 'Nunca Más', was published in 1984. The commission identified 300 secret detention centers throughout Argentina used during the "Dirty War" that were administered by the military and documented 8,961 deaths and disappearances. In 2006, former senior Argentine police officer Miguel Etchecolatz, who worked in the Buenos Aires Provincial Police during the first years of the military dictatorship, was sentenced to life; in 2008 the former head of the military junta was sentenced to 25 years. The first president of the miltary junta rule was sentenced to life imprisonment in 2010 and passed away in prison in 2014.
#Burundi: The International Commission of Inquiry was established by the UN Security Council in 1995 to look into the tens of thousands of deaths in the genocide in the wake of the assassination of President Melchior Ndadaye and to recommend legal, political or administrative measures to bring to justice persons responsible for those acts and promote reconciliation in Burundi.
#SouthAfrica: The Truth and Reconciliation Commission was established in 1996 to hold public hearings where testimony was heard by victims and perpetrators concerning human rights violations that occurred during apartheid. The Commission found more than 19,050 people had been victims of gross human rights violations. The final report of the commission consists of seven volumes.
#SriLanka: The Commissions of Inquiry into the Involuntary Removal or Disappearance of Persons were established to investigate forced disappearances from 1988 to 1994, as the Sri Lankan government was embroiled in war with the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam. They found 16,700 cases of forced disappearances and victims received compensation.
📚參考資料來源:
促進轉型正義委員會
臺灣民主基金會 Taiwan Foundation for Democracy
台灣民間真相與和解促進會
開放雜誌 OPEN magazine
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อ้างอิง
- Country Home Magazine. (1987, July 5). History of the Hand Fan is Long and Colorful. Chicago Tribune. https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1987-07-05-8702190283-story.html
- Lazatin, H. (2018, May 28). The Secret Messages Filipinas Used to Send With Their Abanikos. Esquiremag.Ph. https://www.esquiremag.ph/the-good-life/what-she-wants/casa-mercedes-language-of-fans-a00184-20180528-lfrm
- Luckel, M. (2018, April 24). Why It’s Time to Revisit the Handheld Fan—And Its Secret Language. Vogue. https://www.vogue.com/article/secret-language-of-the-fan-eighteenth-century-fans-de-young-museum
- Starp, A. (2018, April 24). The Secret Language of Fans. Sotheby’s. https://www.sothebys.com/en/articles/the-secret-language-of-fans
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