basic japanese words的八卦，PINTEREST和Yahoo名人娛樂都在討論

【不分膚色界限的兒童權利】
//這議題並不是關於入境事宜，不是關於作為一個難民 (或尋求庇護者)。這是關於難民兒童及他們的基本人權和尊嚴。//
//根據政府文件，目前有超過850位未成年難民兒童在港。他們不是“特殊”情況。這是一個嚴重的問題，是需要透過制度的改革去糾正的。//
//過去十年，數個聯合國專家小組委員會，包括兒童權利委員會、反酷刑委員會及經濟、社會、文化權利委員會就本港難民兒童的待遇提出具體的批評。政府亦不能聲稱已提供足夠的措施去提供福利或保護。平機會，以及今天在場的非政府機構及社福機構，已清楚指出難民兒童的人權及兒童權利持續地被損害。這個不幸延展到歧視、教育、早期兒童發展、基本生活需要和醫療照顧。//

Azan Marwah's speech:
My name is Azan Marwah. I am practising barrister and publish all those specialising in Children’s rights. I would first like to thank the Subcommittee for holding this meeting to consider this subject. Hong Kong has been widely criticised for failing to fully protect refugee children and the Subcommittee is to be praised for taking step to raise the issue to the Administration. I would like to just take a moment to say that there was a time when Hong Kong children were being placed in detention camp by the Japanese here in Hong Kong or made into refugees. This issue is not about immigration. It’s not about being a refugee. It’s about children and about basic humanity and dignity. Secondly, I’d like to thank my fellow child welfare professionals here today giving evidences. I have read and heartily commend the valuable submissions to the Subcommittee. I’ve also read the paper submitted by the Administration and I’d like to make some preliminary remarks about it. There is no mention within the paper of the words, human rights or children’s rights or discrimination, within the substances of the paper. There is no mention of any investigation or attempt to ascertain the problems faced by the refugee children, whatsoever. The focus of the paper instead appears to be the immigration Unified Screening Mechanism (USM) for children. This is a mistake. It is obvious that from the paper that the Administration has not taken a right-based approach to the issues faced by refugee children. There is no attempt to address public criticisms made by international human right experts against the problems faced by the refugee children. Instead, they talked about basic needs being met by ISS’s contributions and by the discretion to provide extra benefits in special cases. This is regrettable, because, children are not special case. From the paper submitted, there are more than 850 of them. They’re not longer special cases. It’s a substantial problem that needs rules and branch reform. In this regard, I commend the Chief Executive for her promise to create a Children Commission but given the approach taken by the Administration and its paper, I suggest that this underscored the need for an independent commission. The Administration cannot claim that it has not deal with the problems because they were unaware of these criticisms. Over the last decade ago, several United Nation’s expert panels, including the Committee on Children’s Right, Committee against Torture and Committee on the Economic, Social and Cultural Rights have made specific criticisms relating to treatment of refugee children in Hong Kong. Neither can the Administration claimed that it has taken sufficient measures to provide for their welfare or protection. The Equal Opportunity Commission, as well as the NGOs and social welfare organisations presented today have reported clearly the on-going breaches of the human and children’s rights face by refugee children. These problems extend to discrimination, education, early childhood development, basic needs and medical care. Each of these deputations has made specific recommendations, many of which were required only administrative measures. In this regard, I’ll ask those Administration’s members present today to read the collective written submission, which was I think only lately submitted, where we detailed specific requests. I ask the Administration to address these specific problems and make commitment to implement the recommendations. I ask the Subcommittee and the LegCo to hold the Administration to account, and particular, to manifest the commitment to protect children’s rights.
Thank you for your time and attention.

#難民兒童 #尋求庇護者 #難民 #人權 #refugeechildren #asylumseekers #refugee #humanright

Jenna Cody :

Is Taiwan a real China?
No, and with the exception of a few intervening decades - here’s the part that’ll surprise you - it never has been.

This’ll blow your mind too: that it never has been doesn’t matter.

So let’s start with what doesn’t actually matter.

Until the 1600s, Taiwan was indigenous. Indigenous Taiwanese are not Chinese, they’re Austronesian. Then it was a Dutch colony (note: I do not say “it was Dutch”, I say it was a Dutch colony). Then it was taken over by Ming loyalists at the end of the Ming dynasty (the Ming loyalists were breakaways, not a part of the new Qing court. Any overlap in Ming rule and Ming loyalist conquest of Taiwan was so brief as to be inconsequential).

Only then, in the late 1600s, was it taken over by the Chinese (Qing). But here’s the thing, it was more like a colony of the Qing, treated as - to use Emma Teng’s wording in Taiwan’s Imagined Geography - a barrier or barricade keeping the ‘real’ Qing China safe. In fact, the Qing didn’t even want Taiwan at first, the emperor called it “a ball of mud beyond the pale of civilization”. Prior to that, and to a great extent at that time, there was no concept on the part of China that Taiwan was Chinese, even though Chinese immigrants began moving to Taiwan under Dutch colonial rule (mostly encouraged by the Dutch, to work as laborers). When the Spanish landed in the north of Taiwan, it was the Dutch, not the Chinese, who kicked them out.

Under Qing colonial rule - and yes, I am choosing my words carefully - China only controlled the Western half of Taiwan. They didn’t even have maps for the eastern half. That’s how uninterested in it they were. I can’t say that the Qing controlled “Taiwan”, they only had power over part of it.

Note that the Qing were Manchu, which at the time of their conquest had not been a part of China: China itself essentially became a Manchu imperial holding, and Taiwan did as well, once they were convinced it was not a “ball of mud” but actually worth taking. Taiwan was not treated the same way as the rest of “Qing China”, and was not administered as a province until (I believe) 1887. So that’s around 200 years of Taiwan being a colony of the Qing.

What happened in the late 19th century to change China’s mind? Japan. A Japanese ship was shipwrecked in eastern Taiwan in the 1870s, and the crew was killed by hostile indigenous people in what is known as the Mudan Incident. A Japanese emissary mission went to China to inquire about what could be done, only to be told that China had no control there and if they went to eastern Taiwan, they did so at their own peril. China had not intended to imply that Taiwan wasn’t theirs, but they did. Japan - and other foreign powers, as France also attempted an invasion - were showing an interest in Taiwan, so China decided to cement its claim, started mapping the entire island, and made it a province.

So, I suppose for a decade or so Taiwan was a part of China. A China that no longer exists.

It remained a province until 1895, when it was ceded to Japan after the (first) Sino-Japanese War. Before that could happen, Taiwan declared itself a Republic, although it was essentially a Qing puppet state (though the history here is interesting - correspondence at the time indicates that the leaders of this ‘Republic of Taiwan’ considered themselves Chinese, and the tiger flag hints at this as well. However, the constitution was a very republican document, not something you’d expect to see in Qing-era China.) That lasted for less than a year, when the Japanese took it by force.

This is important for two reasons - the first is that some interpretations of IR theory state that when a colonial holding is released, it should revert to the state it was in before it was taken as a colony. In this case, that would actually be The Republic of Taiwan, not Qing-era China. Secondly, it puts to rest all notions that there was no Taiwan autonomy movement prior to 1947.

In any case, it would be impossible to revert to its previous state, as the government that controlled it - the Qing empire - no longer exists. The current government of China - the PRC - has never controlled it.

After the Japanese colonial era, there is a whole web of treaties and agreements that do not satisfactorily settle the status of Taiwan. None of them actually do so - those which explicitly state that Taiwan is to be given to the Republic of China (such as the Cairo declaration) are non-binding. Those that are binding do not settle the status of Taiwan (neither the treaty of San Francisco nor the Treaty of Taipei definitively say that Taiwan is a part of China, or even which China it is - the Treaty of Taipei sets out what nationality the Taiwanese are to be considered, but that doesn’t determine territorial claims). Treaty-wise, the status of Taiwan is “undetermined”.

Under more modern interpretations, what a state needs to be a state is…lessee…a contiguous territory, a government, a military, a currency…maybe I’m forgetting something, but Taiwan has all of it. For all intents and purposes it is independent already.

In fact, in the time when all of these agreements were made, the Allied powers weren’t as sure as you might have learned about what to do with Taiwan. They weren’t a big fan of Chiang Kai-shek, didn’t want it to go Communist, and discussed an Allied trusteeship (which would have led to independence) or backing local autonomy movements (which did exist). That it became what it did - “the ROC” but not China - was an accident (as Hsiao-ting Lin lays out in Accidental State).

In fact, the KMT knew this, and at the time the foreign minister (George Yeh) stated something to the effect that they were aware they were ‘squatters’ in Taiwan.

Since then, it’s true that the ROC claims to be the rightful government of Taiwan, however, that hardly matters when considering the future of Taiwan simply because they have no choice. To divest themselves of all such claims (and, presumably, change their name) would be considered by the PRC to be a declaration of formal independence. So that they have not done so is not a sign that they wish to retain the claim, merely that they wish to avoid a war.

It’s also true that most Taiwanese are ethnically “Han” (alongside indigenous and Hakka, although Hakka are, according to many, technically Han…but I don’t think that’s relevant here). But biology is not destiny: what ethnicity someone is shouldn’t determine what government they must be ruled by.

Through all of this, the Taiwanese have evolved their own culture, identity and sense of history. They are diverse in a way unique to Taiwan, having been a part of Austronesian and later Hoklo trade routes through Southeast Asia for millenia. Now, one in five (I’ve heard one in four, actually) Taiwanese children has a foreign parent. The Taiwanese language (which is not Mandarin - that’s a KMT transplant language forced on Taiwanese) is gaining popularity as people discover their history. Visiting Taiwan and China, it is clear where the cultural differences are, not least in terms of civic engagement. This morning, a group of legislators were removed after a weekend-long pro-labor hunger strike in front of the presidential palace. They were not arrested and will not be. Right now, a group of pro-labor protesters is lying down on the tracks at Taipei Main Station to protest the new labor law amendments.

This would never be allowed in China, but Taiwanese take it as a fiercely-guarded basic right.

*

Now, as I said, none of this matters.

What matters is self-determination. If you believe in democracy, you believe that every state (and Taiwan does fit the definition of a state) that wants to be democratic - that already is democratic and wishes to remain that way - has the right to self-determination. In fact, every nation does. You cannot be pro-democracy and also believe that it is acceptable to deprive people of this right, especially if they already have it.

Taiwan is already a democracy. That means it has the right to determine its own future. Period.

Even under the ROC, Taiwan was not allowed to determine its future. The KMT just arrived from China and claimed it. The Taiwanese were never asked if they consented. What do we call it when a foreign government arrives in land they had not previously governed and declares itself the legitimate governing power of that land without the consent of the local people? We call that colonialism.

Under this definition, the ROC can also be said to be a colonial power in Taiwan. They forced Mandarin - previously not a language native to Taiwan - onto the people, taught Chinese history, geography and culture, and insisted that the Taiwanese learn they were Chinese - not Taiwanese (and certainly not Japanese). This was forced on them. It was not chosen. Some, for awhile, swallowed it. Many didn’t. The independence movement only grew, and truly blossomed after democratization - something the Taiwanese fought for and won, not something handed to them by the KMT.

So what matters is what the Taiwanese want, not what the ROC is forced to claim. I cannot stress this enough - if you do not believe Taiwan has the right to this, you do not believe in democracy.

And poll after poll shows it: Taiwanese identify more as Taiwanese than Chinese (those who identify as both primarily identify as Taiwanese, just as I identify as American and Armenian, but primarily as American. Armenian is merely my ethnicity). They overwhelmingly support not unifying with China. The vast majority who support the status quo support one that leads to eventual de jure independence, not unification. The status quo is not - and cannot be - an endgame (if only because China has declared so, but also because it is untenable). Less than 10% want unification. Only a small number (a very small minority) would countenance unification in the future…even if China were to democratize.

The issue isn’t the incompatibility of the systems - it’s that the Taiwanese fundamentally do not see themselves as Chinese.

A change in China’s system won’t change that. It’s not an ethnic nationalism - there is no ethnic argument for Taiwan (or any nation - didn’t we learn in the 20th century what ethnicity-based nation-building leads to? Nothing good). It’s not a jingoistic or xenophobic nationalism - Taiwanese know that to be dangerous. It’s a nationalism based on shared identity, culture, history and civics. The healthiest kind of nationalism there is. Taiwan exists because the Taiwanese identify with it. Period.

There are debates about how long the status quo should go on, and what we should risk to insist on formal recognition. However, the question of whether or not to be Taiwan, not China…

…well, that’s already settled.

The Taiwanese have spoken and they are not Chinese.

Whatever y’all think about that doesn’t matter. That’s what they want, and if you believe in self-determination you will respect it.

If you don’t, good luck with your authoritarian nonsense, but Taiwan wants nothing to do with it.

Bento Shop Senya Express at Plaza Mont Kiara is one that provides quick to go meals. It is a takeaway-friendly cubbyhole with a cashier counter to place your order and some semi ready made to-go lunch boxes placed side by side one another on their refrigerator racks, all inside a limited space lot. Making its way into the appetites of office workers within and around the neighbouring premise, these bentos are decently packed with very basic and fundamental series of Japanese classics. [ 303 more words ]

https://foodeverywhere.wordpress.com/…/bento-senya-express…/

★Cat Merch! https://crowdmade.com/collections/junskitchen

- 0:00 - 2:22 : Explaining what to focus on when learning Japanese.
(Open for resource list ↓)

[~~FREE RESOURCES~~]

【Language Exchange】
2:23 Skype/in-person contacts: http://www.japan-guide.com/local/?aCAT=3
2:42 Blogging language exchange: http://lang-8.com/

【Grammar】
3:27 Tae Kim's Guide to Learning Japanese: http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/

【Kanji & Vocab】
4:12 Downloadable flashcard program: http://ankisrs.net/
4:34 Visual association (mnemonics): http://www.memrise.com/courses/english/japanese/
4:52 Quizzes & game-like leveling system: http://japaneseclass.jp/

【Online Forums for Questions】
3:53 Reddit: http://www.reddit.com/r/LearnJapanese/

【Japanese News】
5:11 For adults: http://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/
NHK's Japanese lessons: http://www3.nhk.or.jp/lesson/english/index.html
For kids (Asahi): http://www.asagaku.com/
For kids (Children's Express): http://www.cenews-japan.org/
For kids (Mainichi): http://mainichi.jp/feature/maisho/
For kids (Yomiuri): http://www.yomiuri.co.jp/kyoiku/children/weekly/

【Dictionary help】
5:36 Rikaikun (Chrome): http://goo.gl/tSfBgB
5:36 Rikaichan (Firefox): https://addons.mozilla.org/en-us/firefox/addon/rikaichan/
http://www.jisho.org
http://ejje.weblio.jp/ (in Japanese)

【Smartphone apps】
Imiwa
JED
Midori
Obenkyo
Jibbigo Jp
[Courtesy of Brian Lovesmba, for iPod Touch: You can also add an iOS international keyboard using the "Settings" app, click on "General", scroll down to "International" and tap on "keyboard".]

[~~NOT FREE RESOURCES~~]

【Books】
1:35 Genki I (Listening, Reading, Kanji, Vocab, Grammar): http://goo.gl/BCVBa0
1:35 Genki II (Listening, Reading, Kanji, Vocab, Grammar): http://goo.gl/A4h3nJ
6:04 Dictionary of Basic Japanese Grammar: http://goo.gl/DktiMB
6:04 Dictionary of Intermediate Japanese Grammar: http://goo.gl/qj6MHS
6:32 Beginner's Kanji for Foreign Exchange Students: http://goo.gl/CetYup
6:32 Intermediate Kanji for Foreign Exchange Students: http://goo.gl/uDY6h2
6:32 Advanced Kanji for Foreign Exchange Students: http://goo.gl/WxdGuO

【Websites recommended by others】
JapanesePod101: http://www.japanesepod101.com/
TextFugu: http://www.textfugu.com/

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【You can also find us:】
×Gaming channel: http://www.youtube.com/user/RachelandJunGame
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I make lots of videos surprising people with my "perfect" Chinese (Mandarin, Cantonese, and Fuzhounese) and because lots of people have been asking about it, I wanted to make a video discussing my language learning methods, particularly how I rapidly acquire the ability to have a basic conversation in pretty much any language (in yes, 24 hours or less). This definitely isn't fluency but it's a great building block to becoming fluent and an excellent way to start your language learning journey.

If you want to skip ahead to the part where I talk about how to learn any language in 24 hours (avoiding my Mandarin-learning backstory in China), click to go ahead to 3:42.

For more information about Anki, an essential free spaced repetition tool that I've relied on for years to memorize words and phrases, check out: https://apps.ankiweb.net/

If you want to check out my merch, go to: https://teespring.com/stores/xiaomanyc

Want to learn fluent Chinese like me? Check out my new beginner course and learn Chinese exactly how I wish I'd learned it: http://bit.ly/3tgq4d8

Discover the platform that I used to become fluent in Spanish in 20 days:
https://bit.ly/3oIStFk

For my Ari in Beijing channel, where I offer more tips about how to learn languages and stuff like that: https://www.youtube.com/user/ariinbeijing

Another great website that offers tons of amazing inspiration for learning Japanese, which inspired a lot of my methodology, is called All Japanese All The Time: http://www.alljapaneseallthetime.com/blog/

If you guys like the music in my videos, you can check out all the AMAZING music Epidemic Sound has at my affiliate link here: http://share.epidemicsound.com/xiaomanyc

Subscribe to my channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCLNoXf8gq6vhwsrYp-l0J-Q?sub_confirmation=1
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A question I get asked often - what steps to take when just starting with a language?

———
1. Start with the alphabet if the language has a new writing system. It’s extremely important to get the pronunciation right from the beginning so you don’t have to rely on often inaccurate English renditions of how to pronounce words. Once you have the writing system down, write as much as you can in the language without relying on English or another language to help too much.

2. After the alphabet, learn basic greetings and vocabulary. This is an important step and helps motivate you to keep going. I listen to the radio or to music from that language a lot, and if I learn the 100 most used words in the language, I’ll most likely hear that word in a song and get super excited about it.

3. Grammar. Learn a grammar structure, look at example sentences (either on apps like Duolingo, or textbooks, or sites that give example sentences like conjugator) and then replace words in the sentences with other words you know.

4. Practice. Getting a language partner is important. You should find someone who is open to correcting your mistakes, and someone who is patient to talk to you despite you being a beginner. I also practice by doing everything I normally do, in another language. My diary/schedule/shopping list/music playlist all transforms into my target language for a period of time.

5. Keep track of your progress. A diary, studygram or Youtube channel is a good way to see how you’ve progressed.

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?ABOUT

Welcome to my channel! My name is Lindie and I share my love for languages through my polyglot progress and language learning tips here. South African by birth, I spent most of my life in France, Pakistan, the UAE and Japan. Now I work as a UI/UX designer in Singapore. I'm a Christian and strive to shine God’s light in all I do. May this channel inspire you to reach your language goals!

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?BOOKS I USE

Practical Chinese Grammar → https://geni.us/PracticalChineseGram
Japanese for Busy People on Amazon → https://geni.us/JapaneseForBusy1
Advanced Japanese for Busy People → https://geni.us/JapaneseForBusy3
Korean Grammar in Use Intermediate → https://geni.us/KoreanGrammarUse
Korean TOPIK exam prep → https://geni.us/TOPIK2prep
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